{"title":"New bound on the Yukawa coupling from CMB","authors":"Anupama B, P K Suresh","doi":"arxiv-2405.03717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.03717","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the one loop inflation stemming from the superstring theory in\u0000the braneworld scenario. The tensor to scalar ratio of the loop inflation is\u0000found inconsistent with the recent CMB results for the Yukawa coupling from the\u0000SM sector. We propose a new bound on the Yukawa coupling, $9.92<lambda<13.4$,\u0000applicable to the cosmological sector from CMB. The aftermath of this new bound\u0000is explored. The present results may shed some light on the phenomenology of\u0000superstring theory and its associated phenomena.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140925237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gravitational Deflection of Light: A Heuristic Derivation at the Undergraduate Level","authors":"Hongbin Kim, Dong-han Yeom, Jong Hyun Kim","doi":"arxiv-2405.04529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.04529","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a new heuristic derivation of the gravitational\u0000deflection of light around the Sun at the undergraduate level. Instead of\u0000solving the geodesic equation directly, we compute the correct deflection angle\u0000by focusing on the acceleration term of null geodesics. Using this heuristic\u0000deviation, we expect that undergraduate students who have not learned general\u0000relativity will be able to experience this computation, which is one of the\u0000most remarkable evidences of general relativity.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140925249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Phase Transition of Reissner-Nordström Black Holes","authors":"Bobin Li","doi":"arxiv-2405.04543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.04543","url":null,"abstract":"Under the framework of thermodynamics, the phase transition of the black hole\u0000is a general issue in general relativity. In this work, the phase transition of\u0000charged black holes is discussed carefully. The metric tensor of thermodynamics\u0000is redefined in the charged black hole, based on the Ruppeiner geometry. With\u0000the well-defined metric tensor of thermodynamics, the scalar curvature of the\u0000charged black hole is obtained. It is indicated that the scalar curvature is\u0000diverged and infinite when the mass M or charge Q are set by some values, and\u0000it is shown that the charged black hole suffers from a phase transition. At the\u0000same time, there is a phase transition from small mass to large mass or from\u0000small to high charged state. It is shown that the phase transition of a charged\u0000black hole is a common and general process and this work is meaningful for the\u0000construction of microscopic states of black holes.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140925074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generalization of Einstein's gravitational field equations","authors":"Frédéric Moulin","doi":"arxiv-2405.03698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.03698","url":null,"abstract":"The Riemann tensor is the cornerstone of general relativity, but as everyone\u0000knows it does not appear explicitly in Einstein's equation of gravitation. This\u0000suggests that the latter may not be the most general equation. We propose here\u0000for the first time, following a rigorous mathematical treatment based on the\u0000variational principle, that there exists a generalized 4-index gravitational\u0000field equation containing the Riemann curvature tensor linearly, and thus the\u0000Weyl tensor as well. We show that this equation, written in $n$ dimensions,\u0000contains the energy-momentum tensor for matter and also that of the\u0000gravitational field itself. This new 4-index equation remains completely within\u0000the framework of general relativity and emerges as a natural generalization of\u0000the familiar 2-index Einstein equation. Due to the presence of the Weyl tensor,\u0000we show that this equation contains much more information, which fully\u0000justifies the use of a fourth-order theory.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140925400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Electromagnetic Mass Dilemma","authors":"Qasem Exirifard, Alessio D'Errico, Ebrahim Karimi","doi":"arxiv-2405.00071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.00071","url":null,"abstract":"We show that a charged sphere moving at a constant velocity $v$ exhibits a\u0000mass due to electromagnetic radiation, expressed as $4/(3+(v/c)^2) (E/c^2)$,\u0000where $E$ is the electromagnetic energy and $c$ the speed of light in vacuum.\u0000Our finding reconciles the longstanding mismatch between the electromagnetic\u0000mass calculated from the classical electrodynamics' $4/3 (E/c^2)$ and the\u0000relativistic theory.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140835590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Classical Point Particle Singularity: An Illusion in GR and Elsewhere!","authors":"Yousef Sobouti, Haidar Sheikhahmadi","doi":"arxiv-2404.18954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.18954","url":null,"abstract":"Singularities in Newton's gravity, in general relativity, GR, in Coulomb's\u0000law, and elsewhere in classical physics, stem from two ill conceived\u0000assumptions that, a) there are point-like entities with finite masses, charges,\u0000etc., packed in zero volumes, and b) the non-quantum assumption that these\u0000point-like entities can be assigned precise coordinates and momenta. In the\u0000case of GR, we argue that the classical energy-momentum tensor in Einstein's\u0000field equation is that of a collection of point particles and is prone to\u0000singularity. In compliance with Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, we propose\u0000replacing each constituent of the gravitating matter with a suitable quantum\u0000mechanical equivalent, here a Yukawa-ameliorated Klein-Gordon (YKG) field. YKG\u0000fields are spatially distributed entities. They do not end up in singular\u0000spacetime points nor predict singular blackholes. On the other hand, YKG waves\u0000reach infinity as $frac{1}{r}e^{-(kappapm i k)r}$. They create non-Newtonian\u0000and non-GR gravity forces that die out as $r^{-1}$ as opposed to $r^{-2}$. This\u0000feature alone is capable of explaining the observed flat rotation curves of\u0000spiral galaxies, and one may interpret them as alternative gravities, dark\u0000matter paradigms, etc. There are ample observational data encapsulated in the\u0000Tully-Fisher relation to support these conclusions.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140835991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generalized Four-momentum for Continuously Distributed Materials","authors":"Sergey G. Fedosin","doi":"arxiv-2405.00064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.00064","url":null,"abstract":"A four-dimensional differential Euler-Lagrange equation for continuously\u0000distributed materials is derived based on the principle of least action, and\u0000instead of Lagrangian, this equation contains the Lagrangian density. This\u0000makes it possible to determine the density of generalized four-momentum in\u0000covariant form as derivative of the Lagrangian density with respect to\u0000four-velocity of typical particles of a system taken with opposite sign, and\u0000then calculate the generalized four-momentum itself. It is shown that the\u0000generalized four-momentum of all typical particles of a system is an integral\u0000four-vector and therefore should be considered as a special type of\u0000four-vectors. The presented expression for generalized four-momentum exactly\u0000corresponds to the Legendre transformation connecting the Lagrangian and\u0000Hamiltonian. The obtained formulas are used to calculate generalized\u0000four-momentum of stationary and moving relativistic uniform systems for the\u0000Lagrangian with particles and vector fields, including electromagnetic and\u0000gravitational fields, acceleration field and pressure field. It turns out that\u0000the generalized four-momentum of a moving system depends on the total mass of\u0000particles, on the Lorentz factor and on the velocity of the systems center of\u0000momentum. Besides, an additional contribution is made by the scalar potentials\u0000of the acceleration field and the pressure field at the center of system. The\u0000direction of the generalized four-momentum coincides with the direction of\u0000four-velocity of the system under consideration, while the generalized\u0000four-momentum is part of the relativistic four-momentum of the system.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"170 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140835599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessandro D. A. M. Spallicci, Abedennour Dib, José A. Helayël-Neto
{"title":"Photon frequency variation in non-linear electro-magnetism","authors":"Alessandro D. A. M. Spallicci, Abedennour Dib, José A. Helayël-Neto","doi":"arxiv-2404.18951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.18951","url":null,"abstract":"We set a generalised non-linear Lagrangian, encompassing Born-Infeld and\u0000Heisenberg-Euler theories among others. The Lagrangian reduces to the Maxwell\u0000Lagrangian at lowest order. The field is composed by a propagating light-wave\u0000in an electro-magnetic background. The wave exhibits energy variation when the\u0000background is space-time dependent. In the photon description, this implies a\u0000red or a blue shift, like what we obtained in massive theories, as the de\u0000Broglie-Proca or effective mass theories as the Standard-Model Extension under\u0000Lorentz symmetry violation. The two results, photon energy-conservation and the\u0000frequency shift are instead new for non-linear electro-magnetism. We conclude\u0000by discussing how these static frequency shifts when added to the expansion red\u0000shift allow new interpretations in cosmology or for atomic spectra. We finally\u0000consider the consequences on the Poincar'e symmetry.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140835596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Newtonian Gravitational Waves from a Continuum","authors":"Peter Vadasz","doi":"arxiv-2405.10324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.10324","url":null,"abstract":"Gravitational waves are being shown to derive directly from Newtonian\u0000dynamics for a continuous mass distribution, e g compressible fluids or\u0000equivalent. It is shown that the equations governing a continuous mass\u0000distribution, i e the inviscid Navier Stokes equations for a general variable\u0000gravitational field g(t,x), are equivalent to a form identical to Maxwell\u0000equations from electromagnetism, subject to a specified condition. The\u0000consequence of this equivalence is the creation of gravity waves that propagate\u0000at finite speed. The latter implies that Newtonian gravitation as presented in\u0000this paper is not spooky action at a distance but rather is similar to\u0000electromagnetic waves propagating at finite speed, despite the apparent form\u0000appearing in the integrated field formula. In addition, this proves that in\u0000analogy to Maxwell equations the Newtonian gravitation equations are Lorentz\u0000invariant for waves propagating at the speed of light.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141151759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermodynamic Topology of Quantum RN Black Holes","authors":"Wen-Xiang Chen","doi":"arxiv-2405.04541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.04541","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the thermodynamics of\u0000black holes, focusing on foundational concepts such as free energy, entropy,\u0000and topological numbers, alongside a detailed examination of quantum RN black\u0000holes. By extending the discussion to encompass the symmetry groups SO(2),\u0000SO(3)/SO(2), and SO(3) within the framework of (f(R)) gravity, the paper offers\u0000a nuanced understanding of black hole physics. Key insights include the pivotal\u0000role of free energy and entropy in understanding the thermodynamic properties\u0000of black holes, the significance of topological numbers in determining\u0000thermodynamic stability and phase transitions, and the implications of quantum\u0000mechanics and (f(R)) gravity on traditional thermodynamic concepts. This\u0000exploration not only enriches our theoretical knowledge of black holes but also\u0000sets the stage for future empirical investigations, marking a pivotal\u0000contribution to our ongoing quest to decipher the universe's mysteries.","PeriodicalId":501190,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - General Physics","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140924968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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