medRxiv - Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and impact of statin use in pregnant women with familial hypercholesterolemia","authors":"Karianne Svendsen, Jacob Juel Christensen, Jannicke Igland, Henriette Walaas Krogh, Liv J. Mundal, David R. Jacobs, Martin P. Bogsrud, Kirsten B. Holven, Kjetil Retterstøl","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.03.24312275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.03.24312275","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background and aims</strong> Sparse data exist on the possible risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). We investigated associations between having a FH diagnosis and adverse pregnancy outcomes, and between statin exposure in pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with FH.","PeriodicalId":501071,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Epidemiology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in the trajectories of plasma biomarkers, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline relative to amyloid onset","authors":"Cassandra M. Joynes, Murat Bilgel, Yang An, Abhay R. Moghekar, Nicholas J. Ashton, Przemysław R. Kac, Thomas K. Karikari, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, Madhav Thambisetty, Luigi Ferrucci, Susan M. Resnick, Keenan A. Walker","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.03.24312664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.03.24312664","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>INTRODUCTION</strong> The factors that influence the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) after individuals become amyloid-positive are poorly understood. This study examines how sex influences the longitudinal trajectories of plasma AD and neurodegenerative biomarkers in the years following a person’s estimated onset of amyloid-β.","PeriodicalId":501071,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Epidemiology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Azithromycin Treatment Response as a Probe to Attribute Bacterial Aetiologies of Diarrhoea using Molecular Diagnostics: A Reanalysis of the AntiBiotics for Children with severe Diarrhoea (ABCD) Trial","authors":"Jennifer Cornick, Sarah Elwood, James Platts-Mills, Patricia Pavlinac, Karim Manji, Chris Sudfeld, Christopher P. Duggan, Queen Dube, Naor Bar-Zeev, Karen Kotloff, Samba O Sow, Sunil Sazawal, Benson O Singa, Judd L Walson, Farah Qamar, Tahmeed Ahmed, Ayesha De Costa, Elizabeth T Rogawski McQuade","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.03.24312730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.03.24312730","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> Multi-pathogen molecular diagnostics enable assignment of diarrhoea aetiology, but defining thresholds of pathogen quantity to accurately attribute aetiology is challenging in high-burden settings where coinfections are common. The Antibiotics for Children with severe Diarrhoea (ABCD) trial provides an opportunity to leverage the azithromycin treatment response to inform which diarrhoea episodes are bacterial.","PeriodicalId":501071,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Epidemiology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse events affecting recovery from seasonal influenza vaccination in the hypertensive population: A population-based pharmacovigilance analysis","authors":"Hao Wu, Xiaona He, Yu Cao, Wei Gao","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.03.24313030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.03.24313030","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonal influenza vaccination is crucial for preventing influenza and its complications. Data from the U.S. Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) indicate a higher proportion of adverse events (AEs) after influenza vaccination in hypertensive people. However, there is limited evidence on AEs in hypertensive people following seasonal influenza vaccination. We collected a total of 4647 individuals on seasonal influenza vaccination and 6380 AEs from VAERS for hypertensive people aged 18 years or older from 1 January 2013 to 23 June 2023. We conducted propensity score matching (PSM) by adjusting for the demographic characteristics of the seasonal influenza-vaccinated hypertensive population and the season of onset. Cox regression analysis was used to calculate the risk ratio of reported adverse events (AEs) that affected recovery after seasonal influenza vaccination. Most AEs were nonserious and occurred within 48 hours. The most common AEs were general disorders and administration site conditions (therapeutic and non-therapeutic responses, inflammation) and musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders (musculoskeletal and connective tissue pain and discomfort, bursal disorders, joint-related signs, and symptoms). All three types of seasonal influenza vaccines were associated with injection site reactions (47.07% trivalent influenza vaccine [TIA], hazard ratio, HR 2.04, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.22–3.40; 20.00% quadrivalent influenza vaccine [QIA], HR 2.81, 95% CI, 1.81–4.37; 67.48% influenza vaccine, unknown manufacturer [FLUX], HR 2.83, 95% CI, 1.12–7.15) and were the AEs affecting the largest proportion of delayed recoveries in the hypertensive population. Potential AEs following seasonal influenza vaccination may affect the recovery of the hypertensive population. The majority of AEs reported were general disorders, predominantly injection site reactions, and nonserious.","PeriodicalId":501071,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Epidemiology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of C-reactive protein omics-measures associates methylation risk score with sleep health and related health outcomes","authors":"Ziqing Wang, Danielle A Wallace, Brian W Spitzer, Tianyi Huang, Kent Taylor, Jerome I Rotter, Stephen S Rich, Peter Y Liu, Martha L. Daviglus, Lifang Hou, Alberto R Ramos, Sonya Kaur, J Peter Durda, Hector M González, Myriam Fornage, Susan Redline, Carmen R Isasi, Tamar Sofer","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.04.24313008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.04.24313008","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Introduction</strong> DNA methylation (DNAm) predictors of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) offer a stable and accurate means of assessing chronic inflammation, bypassing the CRP protein fluctuations secondary to acute illness. Poor sleep health is associated with elevated inflammation (including elevated blood CRP levels) which may explain associations of sleep insufficiency with metabolic, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Our study aims to characterize the relationships among sleep health phenotypes and CRP markers —blood, genetic, and epigenetic indicators— within the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).","PeriodicalId":501071,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Epidemiology","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of self-treatment with antimalarials in Ndola district, Zambia: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Namasiku Grace Susiku, Choolwe Jacobs, Jessy Zgambo, Patrick Kaonga, Lungowe Sitali","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.02.24312958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.02.24312958","url":null,"abstract":"Antimalarial drug resistance has been an obstacle in the fight against malaria over the years. Antimalarial self-medication is one of the factors associated with antimalarial resistance, and is on the rise globally and has become quite common among developing populations. Self-medication is when individuals choose and use medications to treat symptoms they perceive or diagnose themselves, without the guidance of a healthcare professional. This study aimed at investigating prevalence and determinants of antimalarial drug self-medication among adults in Ndola district, Zambia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults in Ndola district, Zambia in June 2023. Using multistage cluster sampling, 446 participants were randomly selected and interviewed through a mobile-based structured questionnaire administered by the researchers using Kobo collect/kobo toolbox. The head of household was the primary participant. Data was then exported to Microsoft Excel, cleaned and coded, and thereafter exported to STATA version 16.1 for analysis. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis was used to test associations between categorical variables and to estimate the odds of antimalarial drug self-medication associated with the explanatory variables. The prevalence of antimalarial drug self-medication was 20% in this study population and the factors significantly associated were; moderate to mild illness, bad experience with hospital care, lack of knowledge about antimalarial drug resistance, and the perception that antimalarial drug self-medication was not risky. The finding that antimalarial self-medication was common in this study population is suggestive of a poor state of the health-care delivery system possibly due to inadequate manpower, stock out of drugs in health facilities, and lack of awareness about the risks of self-medication. This further suggests that there is great need for regulatory authorities to strengthen drug regulations and update the list of over-the-counter and essential medicines to ensure the safety of public health. In addition, authorities should repackage malaria sensitization messages to strongly highlight the risks of antimalarial drug self-medication.","PeriodicalId":501071,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Epidemiology","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal effects of breast cancer risk factors across hormone receptor breast cancer subtypes: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Renée MG Verdiesen, Mehrnoosh Shokouhi, Stephen Burgess, Sander Canisius, Jenny Chang-Claude, Stig E Bojesen, Marjanka K Schmidt","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.02.24312928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.02.24312928","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> It is unclear if established breast cancer risk factors exert similar causal effects across hormone receptor breast cancer subtypes. We estimated and compared causal estimates of height, body mass index (BMI), type 2 diabetes, age at menarche, age at menopause, breast density, alcohol consumption, regular smoking, and physical activity across these subtypes.","PeriodicalId":501071,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Epidemiology","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do socioeconomic trajectories experienced during early adulthood contribute to the development of cardiometabolic health in young adults?","authors":"Eleanor Winpenny, Jan Stochl, Alun Hughes, Kate Tilling, Laura D Howe","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.02.24312850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.02.24312850","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Introduction</strong> Socioeconomic position has been strongly associated with cardiovascular health. However, little is known about the short-term health impacts of socioeconomic exposures during early adulthood. In this study we describe distinct socioeconomic trajectories of early adulthood (age 16-24y), and assess associations of these trajectories with measures of cardiometabolic health at age 24y.","PeriodicalId":501071,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Epidemiology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haematology dimension reduction, a large scale application to regular care haematology data","authors":"Huibert-Jan Joosse, Chontira Chumsaeng, Albert Huisman, Imo Hoefer, Wouter W van Solinge, Saskia Haitjema, Bram van Es","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.29.24312784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312784","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The routine diagnostic process increasingly entails the processing of high-volume and high-dimensional data. This processing may provide scaling issues that limit the implementation of these types of data into research as well as integrated diagnostics in routine care. Here, we investigate whether we can use existing dimension reduction techniques to provide visualisations and analyses for a complete bloodcount (CBC) while maintaining representativeness of the original data. We considered over 3 million CBC measurements encompassing over 70 parameters of cell frequency, size and complexity from the UMC Utrecht UPOD database. We evaluated PCA as an example of a linear dimension reduction techniques and UMAP, TriMap and PaCMAP as non-linear dimension reduction techniques. We assessed their technical performance using quality metrics for dimension reduction as well as biological representation by evaluating preservation of diurnal, age and sex patterns, cluster preservation and the identification of leukemia patients. Results: We found that PCA performs systematically better than the UMAP, TriMap and PaCMAP in representing the underlying data. Biological relevance was retained for periodicity in the data. However, we also observed a decrease in predictive performance of the reduced data for both age and sex, as well as an overestimation of clusters within the reduced data. Finally, we were able to identify the diverging patterns for leukemia patients after use of dimensionality reduction methods. Conclusions: We conclude that for hematology data, the use of unsupervised dimension reduction techniques should be limited to data visualization applications, as implementing them in diagnostic pipelines may lead to decreased quality of integrated diagnostics in routine care.","PeriodicalId":501071,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Epidemiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cluster randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of a package of community-based intervention on continuum of maternal and newborn healthcare in Sidama, Ethiopia:The SiMaNeH trial protocol","authors":"Achamyelesh Gebretsadik, Yemisrach Shiferaw, Hirut Gemeda, Yaliso Yaya","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.01.24312899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.01.24312899","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> Maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity remain high in low-and middle-income countries such as Ethiopia. Limited access and dropouts from essential continuum of care interventions are critical factors. In Ethiopia about one in five complete the continuum of essential care through pregnancy, childbirth, and postnatal period Ethiopia. Evidence is limited on whether a package of interventions involving key community health actors increase the proportion completing essential maternal and newborn healthcare continuum in rural Sidama regional state, Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":501071,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Epidemiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}