arXiv - PHYS - History and Philosophy of Physics最新文献_第9页

QCD at 50: Golden Anniversary, Golden Insights, Golden Opportunities QCD 50 周年：金色周年、金色洞察、金色机遇

arXiv - PHYS - History and Philosophy of Physics Pub Date : 2024-03-09 DOI: arxiv-2403.06038

Frank Wilczek

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The Vatican and the Fallibility of Science: Augustine, Copernicus, Darwin and Race 梵蒂冈与科学的谬误：奥古斯丁、哥白尼、达尔文与种族

arXiv - PHYS - History and Philosophy of Physics Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: arxiv-2403.05516

Christopher M. Graney

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Promising Stabs in the Dark: Theory Virtues and Pursuit-Worthiness in the Dark Energy Problem 黑暗中充满希望的一击：暗能量问题中的理论美德与追求价值

arXiv - PHYS - History and Philosophy of Physics Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: arxiv-2403.04364

William J. Wolf, Patrick M. Duerr

{"title":"Promising Stabs in the Dark: Theory Virtues and Pursuit-Worthiness in the Dark Energy Problem","authors":"William J. Wolf, Patrick M. Duerr","doi":"arxiv-2403.04364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2403.04364","url":null,"abstract":"The paper argues that we ought to conceive of the Dark Energy problem -- the\u0000question of how to account for observational data, naturally interpreted as\u0000accelerated expansion of the universe -- as a crisis of underdetermined\u0000pursuit-worthiness. Not only are the various approaches to the Dark Energy\u0000problem evidentially underdetermined; at present, no compelling reasons single\u0000out any of them as more likely to be true than the other. More vexingly for\u0000working scientists, none of the approaches stands out as uncontroversially\u0000preferable over its rivals in terms of its rationally warranted promise, i.e.\u0000the reasons to further work on, explore and develop it. We demonstrate this\u0000claim by applying a Peircean economic model of pursuit-worthiness in terms of a\u0000cognitive cost/benefit estimate -- with the instantiation of theory virtues as\u0000key indicators of cognitive gains -- to the four main Dark Energy proposals\u0000(the cosmological constant approach, modified gravity, quintessence, and\u0000inhomogeneous cosmologies). Our analysis yields that these approaches do not\u0000admit of an unambiguous, or uncontroversial, ranking with respect to which\u0000ansatz deserves distinguished attention and research efforts. The overall\u0000methodological counsel that our analysis underwrites recommends a pragmatic\u0000double research strategy forward: to encourage and foster theory pluralism and\u0000the search for tests -- with the goal of enhancing the testability of the\u0000$Lambda$CDM model and \"testing it to destruction\".","PeriodicalId":501042,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - History and Philosophy of Physics","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140074403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lars Brink: November 12, 1943 - October 29, 2022 拉尔斯-布林克1943年11月12日--2022年10月29日

arXiv - PHYS - History and Philosophy of Physics Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: arxiv-2403.03776

Bengt E. W. NilssonChalmers U. Tech., Björn JonsonChalmers U. Tech.

引用次数: 0

Astronomical Lunisolar Cycles and Late Antique Chronology 天文月相周期与晚期古代纪年法

arXiv - PHYS - History and Philosophy of Physics Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: arxiv-2403.03682

D. N. Starostin

{"title":"Astronomical Lunisolar Cycles and Late Antique Chronology","authors":"D. N. Starostin","doi":"arxiv-2403.03682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2403.03682","url":null,"abstract":"This article advances the hypothesis that the heightened eschatological\u0000sensitivity evident among the historians writing in the 5th century and its\u0000weaker echos in the time of Charlemagne were caused by the irregularities of\u0000the the lunisolar calendar and its particular realization, the Easter calendar.\u0000The lunisolar calendar that Christians used for the calculation of the date of\u0000the Easter had a number of key periods when the cycles of the Sun and the Moon\u0000came in sync in relationship to the beginning of the count and thus produced an\u0000effect of the times repeating themselves or ending with the nearly precise\u0000astronomical repetition. It is shown that Late Antique scholars who were\u0000actively involved in the construction of the Christian history's chronology\u0000were limited in their choices by the astronomical peculiarities of the\u0000Earth-Moon system. The total conjunctions of the astronomical Solar and Lunar\u0000calendars took place, some within the 1st century CE, and the next one, in 483\u0000CE. This was also a special year because the lunar calendar lost one day. Thus\u0000the 5th century was the time of heightened expectations of whether the calendar\u0000and the Moon's showings will repeat those that accompanied the birth of Jesus.\u0000The Full Supermoon (or whatever phase it was on December 25th, 1 BCE) may have\u0000repeated in 410 CE (the entry of Goths into Rome), in 467 CE and in 476 CE (the\u0000Fall of the Roman Empire), marking the coming of the time very similar to\u0000Jesus' birth. The Full Moon was supposed to repeat December 25th, 800 CE and in\u0000the year 1000 CE. This may have determined the setting of the biblical calendar\u0000in a way that put the birth of Christ on 5199 CE (making the year 800 CE, the\u0000year of the Full Supermoon or of its phase on December 25th, 1 BCE) a critical\u0000turning point.","PeriodicalId":501042,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - History and Philosophy of Physics","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140054838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A very, very peculiar telescope of the 1610s 1610 年代非常非常奇特的望远镜

arXiv - PHYS - History and Philosophy of Physics Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: arxiv-2403.02857

Paolo Del Santo

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An improved calendar ring hole-count for the Antikythera mechanism 改进后的安提凯希拉（Antikythera）装置日历环孔计数法

arXiv - PHYS - History and Philosophy of Physics Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: arxiv-2403.00040

Graham Woan, Joseph Bayley

引用次数: 0

Refraction, the speed of light and minimal action: From Descartes to Maupertuis through many more 折射、光速和最小作用：从笛卡尔到莫泊桑，再到更多

arXiv - PHYS - History and Philosophy of Physics Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: arxiv-2402.19400

Shahen Hacyan

引用次数: 0

The Author of a Quotation Goethe Adduced Against Newton 歌德反对牛顿的引文作者

arXiv - PHYS - History and Philosophy of Physics Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: arxiv-2402.19104

Hubert Kalf

引用次数: 0

Drude's lesser known error of a factor of two and Lorentz's correction 德鲁德较少为人知的 2 倍误差和洛伦兹校正

arXiv - PHYS - History and Philosophy of Physics Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: arxiv-2403.19682

Navinder Singh

{"title":"Drude's lesser known error of a factor of two and Lorentz's correction","authors":"Navinder Singh","doi":"arxiv-2403.19682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2403.19682","url":null,"abstract":"As is well known, Paul Drude put forward the very first quantitative theory\u0000of electrical conduction in metals in 1900. He could successfully account for\u0000the Wiedemann-Franz law which states that the ratio of thermal to electrical\u0000conductivity divided by temperature is a constant called the Lorenz number. As\u0000it turns out, in Drude's derivation, there is a lucky cancellation of two\u0000errors. Drude's under-estimate (by an order of 100) of the value of square of\u0000the average electron velocity compensated his over-estimate of the electronic\u0000heat capacity (by the same order of 100). This compensation or cancellation of\u0000two errors lead to a value of the Lorenz number very close to its experimental\u0000value. This is well known. There is another error of a factor of two which\u0000Drude made when he calculated two different relaxation times for heat\u0000conductivity and electrical conductivity. In this article we highlight how and\u0000why this error occurred in Drude's derivation and how it was removed 5 years\u0000later (that is in 1905) by Hendrik Lorentz when he used the Boltzmann equation\u0000and a single relaxation time. This article is of pedagogical value and may be\u0000useful to undergraduate/graduate students learning solid state physics.","PeriodicalId":501042,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - History and Philosophy of Physics","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140571327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0