{"title":"A Puzzle About General Covariance and Gauge","authors":"Eleanor March, James Owen Weatherall","doi":"arxiv-2405.03906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.03906","url":null,"abstract":"We consider two simple criteria for when a physical theory should be said to\u0000be \"generally covariant\", and we argue that these criteria are not met by\u0000Yang-Mills theory, even on geometric formulations of that theory. The reason,\u0000we show, is that the bundles encountered in Yang-Mills theory are not natural\u0000bundles; instead, they are gauge-natural. We then show how these observations\u0000relate to previous arguments about the significance of solder forms in\u0000assessing disanalogies between general relativity and Yang-Mills theory. We\u0000conclude by suggesting that general covariance is really about functoriality.","PeriodicalId":501042,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - History and Philosophy of Physics","volume":"11 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140940081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polish Astrophysics: The First Half-Century, 1923-1973","authors":"S. M. Rucinski","doi":"arxiv-2405.01613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.01613","url":null,"abstract":"An attempt is made to evaluate progress of the Polish astrophysical research\u0000of stars and of the inter-stellar medium (ISM) on the basis of scientific paper\u0000citations in the ADS database. Rather modest citation levels were observed in\u0000the years before the mid-1950's. In the years 1958 - 1973, thanks to the partly\u0000opened foreign contacts and to strong support from astronomers of the older\u0000generation, work of a number of young, energetic enthusiasts reached the world\u0000science levels and formed a strong basis for the well recognized, international\u0000successes of the next generations.","PeriodicalId":501042,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - History and Philosophy of Physics","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relativity with or without light and Maxwell","authors":"D V Redžić","doi":"arxiv-2404.19566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.19566","url":null,"abstract":"The complex relationship between Einstein's second postulate and the Maxwell\u0000electromagnetic theory is elucidated. A simple deduction of the main results of\u0000the Ignatowski approach to the theory of relativity is given. The peculiar\u0000status of the principle of relativity among the Maxwellians is illustrated.","PeriodicalId":501042,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - History and Philosophy of Physics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140840689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mikhail Lomonosov: Discourse on Greater Accuracy of Navigation","authors":"Mikahil Lomonosov, Vladimir Shiltsev","doi":"arxiv-2404.18885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.18885","url":null,"abstract":"Mikhail Lomonosov (1711-1765) is the eminent Russian polymath and a towering\u0000figure of the European Enlightenment. This English translation of his seminal\u0000work Discourse on Greater Accuracy of Navigation concludes the series of\u0000English translations of nine most significant scientific treatises, all of\u0000which Lomonosov himself compiled in the volume titled Lomonosow Opera\u0000Academica, intended for dissemination among European Academies.","PeriodicalId":501042,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - History and Philosophy of Physics","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140840318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dressing vs. Fixing: On How to Extract and Interpret Gauge-Invariant Content","authors":"Philipp Berghofer, Jordan François","doi":"arxiv-2404.18582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.18582","url":null,"abstract":"There is solid consensus among physicists and philosophers that, in gauge\u0000field theory, for a quantity to be physically meaningful or real, it must be\u0000gauge-invariant. Yet, every ``elementary\" field in the Standard Model of\u0000particle physics is actually gauge-variant. This has led a number of\u0000researchers to insist that new manifestly gauge-invariant approaches must be\u0000established. Indeed, in the foundational literature, dissatisfaction with\u0000standard methods for reducing gauge symmetries has been expressed: Spontaneous\u0000symmetry breaking is deemed conceptually dubious, while gauge fixing suffers\u0000the same limitations and is subject to the same criticisms as coordinate\u0000choices in General Relativity. An alternative gauge-invariant proposal was recently introduced in the\u0000literature, the so-called ``dressing field method\" (DFM). It is a\u0000mathematically subtle tool, and unfortunately prone to be confused with simple\u0000gauge transformations, hence with standard gauge~fixings. As a matter of fact,\u0000in the physics literature the two are often conflated, and in the philosophy\u0000community some doubts have been raised about whether there is any substantial\u0000difference between them. Clarifying this issue is of special significance for\u0000anyone interested in both the foundational issues of gauge theories and their\u0000invariant formulation. It is thus our objective to establish as precisely as\u0000possible the technical and conceptual distinctions between the DFM and gauge\u0000fixing.","PeriodicalId":501042,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - History and Philosophy of Physics","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140840313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mikhail Lomonosov: Oration on the Origin of Light","authors":"Mikhail Lomonosov, Vladimir Shiltsev","doi":"arxiv-2404.18250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.18250","url":null,"abstract":"Mikhail Lomonosov (1711-1765) was the eminent Russian polymath and a towering\u0000figure of the European Enlightenment. This English translation of Mikhail\u0000Lomonosov seminal work \"Oration on the Origin of Light \" draws from its\u0000original Russian and Latin sources. It is part of a series of English\u0000translations of nine most significant scientific treatises, all of which\u0000Lomonosov himself compiled in the volume titled Lomonosow Opera Academica,\u0000intended for dissemination among European Academies.","PeriodicalId":501042,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - History and Philosophy of Physics","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140840320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stagnant Lakatosian Research Programmes","authors":"Johannes Branahl","doi":"arxiv-2404.18307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.18307","url":null,"abstract":"We propose an extension of the classical dichotomous categorization of\u0000research programmes into progress and degeneration according to Lakatos in the\u0000form of a neutral third category: the stagnant research programme. First, a\u0000critical examination of the primary literature with its often criticized\u0000definitional gaps justifies such a category. Through a generic derivation of\u0000criteria for stagnant programmes, a clear demarcation from progressive and\u0000degenerative ones is achieved. An empirical cross-check is subsequently\u0000employed for support: Both a series of examples from fundamental physics and a\u0000general analysis of today's research landscape also suggest on an empirical\u0000level the need to go beyond the traditional Lakatosian conception. Attributing\u0000stagnation is entirely in line with Lakatos' original intentions, which aimed\u0000not to hastily discard promising research but to exercise patience until the\u0000lifting of certain external constraints potentially enables progress once\u0000again.","PeriodicalId":501042,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - History and Philosophy of Physics","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140840143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mikhail Lomonosov: Oration on Benefits of Chemistry","authors":"Mikhail Lomonosov, Vladimir Shiltsev","doi":"arxiv-2404.18018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.18018","url":null,"abstract":"Mikhail Lomonosov (1711-1765) was a Russian polymath and one of the giants of\u0000the European Enlightenment. This English translation of his seminal work\u0000Oration on Benefits of Chemistry continues the series of translations of nine\u0000most important scientific works, which were included by Lomonosov himself in\u0000the convolute Lomonosow Opera Academica and sent for distribution among\u0000scientific Academies in Europe.","PeriodicalId":501042,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - History and Philosophy of Physics","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140840319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mikhail Lomonosov: Oration on the Birth of Metals by Earth's Tremor","authors":"Mikhail Lomonosov, Vladimir Shiltsev","doi":"arxiv-2404.17724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.17724","url":null,"abstract":"This English translation of seminal work of Russian polymath Mikhail\u0000Lomonosov. It is derived from its Russian and Latin originals (1757) and\u0000continues the series of English translations of Lomonosov nine most important\u0000scientific works, which were included by Lomonosov himself in the convolute\u0000Lomonosow Opera Academica sent for distribution among Academies in Europe.","PeriodicalId":501042,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - History and Philosophy of Physics","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140840312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gauge Equivalence through Gauge Fixing","authors":"David Wallace","doi":"arxiv-2404.15456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2404.15456","url":null,"abstract":"Phenomena in gauge theory are often described in the physics literature via a\u0000specific choice of gauge. In foundational and philosophical discussions this is\u0000often criticized as introducing gauge dependence, and contrasted against (often\u0000aspirational) \"gauge-invariant\" descriptions of the physics. I argue, largely\u0000in the context of scalar electrodynamics, that this is misguided, and that\u0000descriptions of a physical process within a specific gauge are in fact\u0000gauge-invariant descriptions. However, most of them are non-local descriptions\u0000of that physics, and I suggest that this ought to be the real objection to such\u0000descriptions. I explore the unitary gauge as the exception to this nonlocality\u0000and consider its strengths and limitations, as well as (more briefly) its\u0000extension beyond scalar electrodynamics.","PeriodicalId":501042,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - History and Philosophy of Physics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140799980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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