Journal of Optical Communications and Networking最新文献

{"title":"Cost-optimal network planning for converged optical X-haul in Beyond 5G networks","authors":"Brianna Laird;Julien Ugon;Chathurika Ranaweera","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.567406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.567406","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid evolution of wireless communication technologies has led to the development of Beyond 5G (B5G) networks, aiming to deliver ultra-low latency, high-capacity connectivity, and scalable deployments for applications including autonomous systems and immersive experiences. A critical challenge lies in efficiently designing the radio access network (RAN) and its transport infrastructure. The shift to open RAN (O-RAN) architectures, with disaggregated centralized units (CUs), distributed units (DUs), and radio units (RUs), offers a promising solution. However, optimal placement of these components and transport network design remains a challenge, especially in diverse and cost-sensitive environments. This paper proposes a comprehensive optimization framework for B5G network design, jointly optimizing the placement of O-RAN components and optical transport networks using Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). By integrating geographic information system (GIS) data, the framework considers real-world constraints, including terrain, infrastructure, user distribution, coverage requirements, and capacity requirements, enabling practical and cost-effective designs. The proposed optimization framework allows exploration of the optimal planning solutions under diverse configurations, which helps analyze different network deployment approaches for their scalability and efficiency. The evaluation results demonstrate the effectiveness and versatility of the framework in reducing costs under diverse deployment scenarios while meeting performance and coverage requirements, offering valuable insights for network operators and planners.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 11","pages":"E50-E59"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QoT-aware multi-constraint routing in large-scale optical networks based on contraction hierarchies and propagation chains","authors":"Yingbo Fan;Yan Pan;Jiaxing Guo;Yajie Li;Yongli Zhao;Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.568033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.568033","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-constraint routing is a crucial problem in optical networks, as establishing a lightpath must account for multiple constraints, including bandwidth demand, transmission delay, and quality of transmission (QoT). However, the problem-solving complexity increases exponentially due to the addition of constraints such as wavelength contiguity and optical nonlinearity as the network scale increases. Therefore, it is difficult to find a path that satisfies all optical constraints within 10 ms in large-scale topologies. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a QoT-aware multi-constraint routing (QaMcR) algorithm for large-scale optical networks. The algorithm utilizes a contraction hierarchy structure to simplify the topology and employs an enhanced Dijkstra strategy during the routing process, which comprehensively considers transmission delay, bandwidth requirements, and GSNR. Additionally, QaMcR dynamically updates bandwidth usage within the network with low overhead through the time-efficient propagation chain. We simulate both classical and 274-node topologies, using GNPy for physical layer modeling and QoT estimation. A total of <tex>$5 times {10^8}$</tex> simulations were conducted, exploring nearly a billion shortest paths. The results show that the QaMcR algorithm can find the path with the shortest delay that satisfies multi-constraints within 2 ms, reducing routing time by 95%, while ensuring low delay and low blocking rate.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 10","pages":"876-890"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy-efficient bandwidth and wavelength allocation in HS-PONs with a dedicated activation wavelength","authors":"Guanlun Sun;Jun Li;Xiang Lu;Rui Lin;Lena Wosinska","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.566096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.566096","url":null,"abstract":"In higher-speed passive optical networks (HS-PONs), an upstream dedicated activation wavelength (DAW) is introduced to eliminate the latency caused by periodically creating quiet windows (i.e., time slots) for optical network unit (ONU) activation, thus supporting emerging time-sensitive services. As for the DAW, only part of the bandwidth is reserved for ONU activation, and the remaining bandwidth can still be used to transmit data frames of non-time-sensitive services. However, the existing dynamic bandwidth allocation mechanism tailored for PONs with a single wavelength cannot support cooperative bandwidth scheduling of working and activation wavelengths. In addition, even though transmitting data frames by the DAW can improve the performance in terms of latency and throughput, it brings high energy consumption, especially for the optical digital signal processing function being performed in ONUs. In this paper, we address the above problems by enhancing the existing scheduling protocols for HS-PONs with DAWs to enable bandwidth scheduling of two wavelengths in a unified way, based on which the maximum upstream latencies are further analyzed. Furthermore, we also propose an energy-efficient bandwidth and wavelength allocation scheme, in which the number of operating wavelengths can be reduced while meeting the services’ latency requirements. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the benchmarks in terms of energy saving, without affecting the latency constraint, thus well satisfying services’ diverse requirements.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 9","pages":"863-875"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generating realistic optical topologies for techno-economic studies using MoleNetwork","authors":"Alfonso Sanchez-Macian;Nataliia Koneva;Marco Quagliotti;Jose M. Rivas-Moscoso;Farhad Arpanaei;Jose Alberto Hernandez;Juan P. Fernandez-Palacios","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.567964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.567964","url":null,"abstract":"Model networks and their underlying topologies have been used as a reference for techno-economic studies for several decades. Existing reference topologies for optical networks may cover different network segments such as backbone, metro core, metro aggregation, access, and/or data center. While telecommunication operators work on the optimization of their own existing deployed optical networks, the availability of different topologies is useful for researchers and technology developers to test their solutions in a variety of scenarios and validate the performance in terms of energy efficiency or cost reduction. This paper presents an open-source tool, MoleNetwork, to generate graphs (backbone, metro core, and metro aggregation) inspired by real network topologies of telecommunication operators that can be used as benchmarks for techno-economic studies. A new topology, to our knowledge, Italy2k, is generated based on the structure of a real operator’s network. Then, the tool is tested by validating that the expected operator parameters are matched in the generated topology and by using the topology to forecast technical demands in a 10-year period in one of its metro regions (core and aggregation networks).","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 9","pages":"847-862"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On offline scheduling for time-division multiplexing QKD networks","authors":"Juan Carlos Hernandez-Hernandez;David Larrabeiti;Maria Calderon;Ignacio Soto;Farhad Arpanaei","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.566174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.566174","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum key distribution (QKD) combined with quantum-safe encryption algorithms offers a practical path to future-proof communication security. Currently, the BB84 QKD protocol is mature and can be deployed over legacy optical fiber infrastructure using commercial products, with trusted key relaying as a workaround for its distance limitations. However, designing cost-effective QKD networks is essential for widespread adoption by end users and telecom operators (Telcos). To address this challenge, we propose and study a novel, to our knowledge, strategy: periodic time sharing of QKD transceivers. This strategy, especially cost saving at low and medium workloads, allows for generating keys for pairs of nodes at deterministic rates decided a priori. This work presents an offline solution for allocating and scheduling QKD transceivers that are shared by the aforementioned time-division multiplexing (TDM) scheme in a QKD network. We propose a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP)-based scheduling (MBS) method to solve this problem, which is computationally expensive, even for small network topologies. As an alternative, we introduce allocation-driven scheduling (ADS), an algorithm that internally breaks the problem into two steps: allocate first and schedule later. The scheduling can be handled by either a relaxed-MBS (rMBS) or a round-robin scheduling (RRS) approach (ADS-rMBS and ADS-RRS, respectively). Both methods yield results comparable to MBS for small networks. Furthermore, simulations illustrate that both ADS-rMBS and ADS-RRS enable a pay-as-you-grow model, reducing the initial capital expenditure in low-load scenarios. Compared with the non-TDM baseline (i.e., QKD transceivers are non-shared), the cost savings range from 30% to 50%, making QKD deployment more economically viable. Moreover, ADS-rMBS generally outperforms ADS-RRS, but requires a higher runtime, reaching up to 2500 s in large networks. Conversely, ADS-RRS maintains a stable 1 ms runtime across all conditions, making both approaches viable depending on the traffic matrix update interval.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 9","pages":"834-846"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incremental planning with dual-fiber distributed Raman amplification in (C + L + S) networks","authors":"Giovanni Simone Sticca;Memedhe Ibrahimi;Nicola Di Cicco;Francesco Musumeci;Massimo Tornatore","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.562483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.562483","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-band transmission is gaining traction as a promising solution for coping with the ever-increasing capacity demands of optical networks. In multi-band networks, long-term network planning must take into account the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) degradations caused by interchannel stimulated Raman scattering arising when multiple lightpaths provisioned in the extended spectrum bands propagate in the same fiber. To avoid these degradations, in this study, we investigate the benefits of selectively upgrading a subset of the fiber spans with an additional fiber, which allows us to separate the spectrum bands and apply dual-fiber distributed Raman amplification (DF-DRA) in a C + L + S system. The deployment of DF-DRA, combined with EDFAs for the C- and L-bands and TDFAs for the S-band, reduces the overall amplification noise figure, thereby improving the SNR of lightpaths. Additionally, the separation of spectrum bands reduces pump-to-pump and signal-to-signal power transfer, further contributing to SNR improvement. We develop a numerical solver for setting the optimal Raman pump configurations, and we propose different placement strategies for hybrid EDFA/TDFA-Raman amplification and 3R regenerators. Our extensive numerical simulations on incremental traffic show that DF-DRA-enabled multi-band networks can yield up to a complete elimination of 3R regenerators by upgrading 30% of the network spans while having up to a 35% throughput increase.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 9","pages":"D156-D166"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144904877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seamless data delivery for distributed AI workloads via dynamic queue scheduling and FPGA-based implementation in converged optical-electrical networks","authors":"Shi Feng;Jiawei Zhang;Jun Dai;Yashe Liu;Zhenhua Liu;Yuefeng Ji","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.563049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.563049","url":null,"abstract":"The deployment of universal AI training jobs in high-performance computing centers poses significant challenges to network architectures. Networks designed for artificial intelligence (AI) have emerged as a prevalent trend in datacenter networks. Traditional electrical packet-switching (EPS) networks face capacity limits due to the slowdown of Moore’s law and struggle to accommodate the specific traffic patterns of distributed deep learning (DDL). In contrast, optical circuit-switching (OCS) technology provides high-bandwidth, dedicated optical paths. The converged optical/electrical datacenter network (COE-DCN) has emerged as a promising solution for AI-DCN. However, optical circuit reconfiguration and multiplexing often introduce delays, disrupting traffic flow. Prior work in COE-DCN designs schedules the network, neglecting the negative influence during the optical path configuration. This paper addresses these challenges by analyzing traditional optical path provisioning methods and traffic-overlapping scenarios in COE-DCNs. We propose a bisection-assisted control mechanism to collaborate with optical and electrical networks, ensuring continuous data transmission. Our approach integrates queue-aware scheduling to dynamically allocate resources across EPS and OCS, minimizing transition latency and optimizing traffic flow. To validate the proposed scheme, we implement a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based hardware platform, which achieves sub-microsecond packet-level transition latency and demonstrates efficient queue management. Experimental results confirm significant improvements in job acceleration for overlapping DDL traffic scenarios, highlighting the effectiveness of our FPGA-based, queue-optimized design.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 9","pages":"820-833"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DiReNet: a distributed topology and routing joint optimization architecture for optical circuit switching networks","authors":"Shuo Li;Huaxi Gu;Yixuan Hao;Xiaoshan Yu;Hua Huang","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.563353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.563353","url":null,"abstract":"Optical circuit switching networks dynamically adjust their topologies to meet varying communication patterns. Conventional methods rely heavily on comprehensive traffic data collection, centralized processing, and complex resource allocation strategies. However, as networks scale to hundreds of thousands of nodes, these centralized solutions become impractical, imposing overwhelming demands on the computational and storage capacities of controllers. This results in a significant degradation of network reconfiguration efficiency and responsiveness. To address these challenges, we propose DiReNet, a distributed architecture for joint topology and routing optimization in optical circuit switching networks. Unlike traditional traffic matrix-based centralized approaches, DiReNet leverages link modification requests as a more effective reconfiguration metric for large-scale networks. Each node independently monitors link utilization and triggers localized reconfiguration, using in-band control and paired transmission to reduce control overhead. DiReNet also features a flooding-negotiation routing mechanism with one-hop relay limits, coordinating traffic draining, flooding, and feedback to ensure efficient resource utilization and seamless operation during reconfiguration. Simulations show that DiReNet’s reconfiguration delay is nearly unaffected by network scale, remaining only 24.8 µs even with 70,000 servers. Under real-world workloads from Google data centers, Meta’s Hadoop clusters, and web search traffic, DiReNet outperforms the classical distributed scheme RotorNet with higher throughput and lower latency while reducing queue length requirements by <tex>${3.4} times$</tex> and reconfiguration speed requirements by <tex>${100} times$</tex>. Compared to classical centralized schemes (e.g., KM, iSLIP, and Solstice), DiReNet achieves up to <tex>${100} times$</tex> lower latency and queue length and reduces the flow completion time by 21.49%–73.7%.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 9","pages":"796-807"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reinforcement learning-based complex-valued space-time MIMO 2D-LSTM nonlinear equalizer for photonics-assisted THz indoor optical wireless access networks","authors":"Siqi Wang;Wen Zhou;Qihang Wang;Sicong Xu;Jianyu Long;Xiongwei Yang;Jie Zhang;Jingtao Ge;Jingwen Lin;Zhihang Ou;Yuan Ma;Jianjun Yu","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.558913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.558913","url":null,"abstract":"Photonics-assisted terahertz (THz) communication provides a solution for indoor optical wireless access networks (OWANs) that require high-speed and low-latency wireless connections. The application of polarization division multiplexing (PDM) technology not only increases the transmission capacity of the system but also improves its robustness to physical blockages in indoor scenes. However, it also faces PDM crosstalk and nonlinear damage caused by optoelectronic devices. This paper proposes a complex-valued space-time multiple-input multiple-output two-dimensional long short-term memory neural network (ST-MIMO 2D-LSTM) equalizer that can simultaneously process signals with different polarization directions of the PDM. On the basis of our previous work, we propose a new, to the best of our knowledge, state update strategy for the space-time automatic search algorithm (ST-ASA) based on the deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm. By simultaneously updating the space-time parameters, the optimal internal structural parameters of the neural network equalizer are automatically searched. The experiment demonstrated the 2 m wireless transmission of a 40 GBaud PDM-QPSK signal in a 290 GHz photonics-assisted THz system. By using ST-ASA to automatically search for the optimal internal structural parameters of various equalizers, we verify the effectiveness of the new state update strategy and its superiority in practical applications. Subsequently, we compare and verify that our proposed ST-MIMO 2D-LSTM equalizer can achieve better bit error rate (BER) performance with lower computational complexity. When the optical power into the uni-traveling-carrier photodiode is 0.8 and 2.8 dBm, the BER of the received signals in the horizontal and vertical polarization directions can reach <tex>${3.73} times {{10}^{- 3}}$</tex> and <tex>${3.68} times {{10}^{- 3}}$</tex>, respectively, which are lower than the 7% hard decision forward error correction threshold of <tex>${3.8} times {{10}^{- 3}}$</tex>, and the computational complexity is on average 26% lower than 1D-DNN, ST-MIMO 2D-DNN, and 1D-LSTM. The experimental results show that the ST-MIMO 2D-LSTM equalizer combined with ST-ASA using the new state update strategy can meet the communication requirements of a large capacity in indoor OWANs and has great potential in supporting user mobility and promoting the implementation of indoor machine to machine.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 9","pages":"D144-D155"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO-scheduling and routing in a hybrid TSN and TDM-PON network for industrial flows","authors":"Chen Su;Lizhu Liu;Jiawei Zhang","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.559002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.559002","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of smart manufacturing, information technology (IT) and operation technology (OT) are gradually converging to carry various types of industrial flows that are characterized by time sensitivity and bandwidth hunger. To cope with their communication needs, hybrid networking technology has become a trend, where integrating time-division multiplexed passive optical networks (TDM-PONs) with time-sensitive networks (TSNs) is garnering considerable attention. TDM-PON offers enhanced bandwidth for north–south communications, while TSN delivers greater flexibility for east–west communications. However, this integration presents challenges related to delay in end-to-end (E2E) industrial flows traversing both the TSN and PON domains. Traditional scheduling approaches only guarantee deterministic transmission within each domain that leads to reduced schedulability and inefficient resource utilization. To address these issues, we propose a cooperative scheduling (CO-scheduling) and routing scheme that spans both the TSN and PON domains, aiming for a global optimization of E2E industrial flows. Initially, we introduce an Optical TSN model, which serves as a TSN equivalent for TDM-PON. By treating TDM-PON and traditional TSN switches as a unified network domain, we can implement CO-scheduling and routing. This CO-scheduling approach can facilitate E2E deterministic transmission by considering the delay budget as a whole. We utilize time-aware transmission window and cyclic transmission window (C-TW) strategies that were proposed in our previous works to ensure the determinism of synchronous and asynchronous periodic flows, respectively. Moreover, we propose an integer linear programming (ILP) model and a “zero-waiting” heuristic algorithm to enhance schedulability and resource utilization efficiency. Simulation results show that the average schedulability and resource utilization efficiency of the CO-scheduling scheme are up to 20.83% and 41.37% higher than that of the traditional non-cooperative scheduling scheme, respectively.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 9","pages":"808-819"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}