{"title":"Patterns of Antibiotic Prescribing for Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections in Ambulatory Care Centers: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Jennifer Bush, Jiwon Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.pedhc.2026.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2026.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common reasons children seek ambulatory care within the United States, the setting where the majority of antibiotic prescribing occurs. Current literature lacks a comprehensive review of antibiotic prescribing patterns for pediatric UTIs. A scoping review examined prescribing for pediatric UTIs in ambulatory care from the previous five years and included sixteen studies. Focus areas emerged: antibiotic selection, guideline adherence, and patient outcome and safeguards. Optimal antibiotic choice is complicated by lack of clear guidelines and prescribing errors. Electronic health record optimization and provider education contributed the most improvements in pediatric UTI care prescribing.</p>","PeriodicalId":50094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Health Care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149217346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cathleen Odar Stough, Amrik Singh Khalsa, Reid Bradley, Katlyn Garr, Sarah A Keim, Bharathi Zvara, Rebecca Andridge, Sarah E Anderson
{"title":"Caregiver and Family Factors Related to Life's Essential 8 in Young Children.","authors":"Cathleen Odar Stough, Amrik Singh Khalsa, Reid Bradley, Katlyn Garr, Sarah A Keim, Bharathi Zvara, Rebecca Andridge, Sarah E Anderson","doi":"10.1016/j.pedhc.2026.08.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2026.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Promotion of cardiovascular health (CVH) during young childhood is critical for preventing later disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study describes the CVH of 269 young children from an observational cohort study and examines child, caregiver, and family factors related to CVH. Child anthropometrics were measured. Parents reported on child smoking exposure, sleep, physical activity, diet, and possible CVH correlates. CVH composite scores were calculated using the American Heart Association Life's Essential 8 (LE8) framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average LE8 score for the sample was in the moderate CVH range (74.8 ± 10.2). Most children had no smoking exposure (92%), met sleep recommendations (66%), and had a healthy weight (76%). Few children met recommendations for physical activity or diet. Caregiver (education, age, health) and family (household size, insurance) factors related to CVH.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>CVH promotion efforts for young children should target physical activity, diet, and caregiver and family factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":50094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Health Care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara McCann, Anupama Kewalramani, Anayansi Lasso-Pirot, Matthew J Grant
{"title":"Beyond the Newborn Screen: An Infant With Hypoxic Respiratory Failure.","authors":"Sara McCann, Anupama Kewalramani, Anayansi Lasso-Pirot, Matthew J Grant","doi":"10.1016/j.pedhc.2026.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2026.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anchoring bias can narrow diagnostic reasoning in infants with nonspecific but severe presentations. We describe a 4-month-old full-term female who presented with acute hypoxic respiratory failure and significant recent weight loss. Initial evaluation revealed profound CD4 lymphopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia, prompting early concern for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). A normal newborn T-cell receptor excision circle screen and preserved IgA and IgM levels later reduced the likelihood of classic SCID, but the diagnostic focus remained anchored on primary immunodeficiency as the child worsened. Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) RNA PCR testing confirmed a markedly elevated viral load, and bronchoalveolar lavage identified Pneumocystis jirovecii. Maternal testing revealed previously undiagnosed HIV, suggesting late-term seroconversion. This case demonstrates how anchoring on SCID delayed consideration of HIV despite evolving clinical and immunologic findings and highlights the role of HIV testing at delivery in identifying perinatal HIV exposure and preventing delayed diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Health Care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristine M Benda, Therese L Mathews, Windy W Alonso
{"title":"Concept Analysis: Internalizing Behaviors in Children and Adolescents.","authors":"Kristine M Benda, Therese L Mathews, Windy W Alonso","doi":"10.1016/j.pedhc.2026.08.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2026.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To define the concept of internalizing behaviors in youth.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Internalizing behaviors disrupt the individual inwardly. These behaviors often go unrecognized and unidentified. These behaviors are frequently associated with an increased risk of suicide, self-harm, and long-term mental health challenges.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The most common attributes of internalizing behaviors identified were anxiety, depression, and somatic complaints. Despite their significant impact, these behaviors often go unnoticed and untreated due to their subtle presentation, resulting in long-term consequences such as substance use, poor academic performance, social withdrawal, and chronic psychological distress. Early recognition and intervention are crucial in preventing the progression to more severe mental health issues, including suicide risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clarifying the concept of internalizing behaviors provides a foundation for improved assessment, targeted intervention, and advancement of prevention strategies aimed at enhancing the mental health and well-being of our vulnerable youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":50094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Health Care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149065582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Halitosis Misattributed to Epilepsy and Psychosis: An Adolescent Case With Diagnostic and Cultural Complexity.","authors":"Ali A Sulais, Mahmoud Alawa, Brian Greenfield","doi":"10.1016/j.pedhc.2026.08.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2026.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Persistent perception of an odor without objective confirmation has a broad differential diagnosis, including neurological, psychiatric, and other general medical conditions. Diagnostic complexity increases in the context of epilepsy, behavioral change and a distinct cultural setting. However, common reversible medical etiologies must remain central to evaluation.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report an Indigenous (Inuit) adolescent with a 2 month history of perceiving a persistent \"bad smell\" originating from his mouth, accompanied by an unpleasant taste. These perceptions preceded his first generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Temporal lobe epilepsy was diagnosed, and the symptoms were initially attributed to epileptic auras. Despite seizure control, they persisted and were reinterpreted as first-episode psychosis, leading to psychiatric admission and antipsychotic treatment. However, lack of clinical improvement prompted multidisciplinary reassessment, revealing extensive dental pathology. Following comprehensive dental treatment, sensory, behavioral, and functional symptoms markedly improved, with complete recovery at 1-year follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the importance of avoiding premature psychiatric attribution of physical symptoms through diagnostic humility, systematic reassessment, multidisciplinary collaboration, and culturally informed evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Health Care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zoe Harbottle, Michael A Golding, Kaitlyn Merrill, Belinda Homer, Rebecca Kim, Cari E Slayen, Anthony Lagunda, Camelia E Hostinar, Leslie E Roos, Elinor Simons, Marina Jonsson, Sandra Ekström, Jo-Anne St-Vincent, Jennifer Lp Protudjer
{"title":"A Scoping Review to Understand the Associations Between Atopic Dermatitis and Parent-Child Relationships.","authors":"Zoe Harbottle, Michael A Golding, Kaitlyn Merrill, Belinda Homer, Rebecca Kim, Cari E Slayen, Anthony Lagunda, Camelia E Hostinar, Leslie E Roos, Elinor Simons, Marina Jonsson, Sandra Ekström, Jo-Anne St-Vincent, Jennifer Lp Protudjer","doi":"10.1016/j.pedhc.2026.08.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2026.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This scoping review examined the relationship between children with a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (AD) and the effect on the parent-child relationship to better understand these associations and identify gaps for future research.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Searches were conducted on three databases for articles related to parent-child relationship quality among children (aged ≤ 18 years) with AD. Peer-reviewed primary research articles were eligible. Information from the final sample was charted in tables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen articles were included. Results failed to provide consistent evidence that parents with children with AD significantly differ in parenting quality from caregivers of healthy children. However, parents of children with more severe AD may employ less effective caregiving relative to parents managing milder forms of the condition.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Findings point to a potential relationship between AD severity and parenting quality; however, more research is needed to determine the replicability of this finding and the direction of the effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":50094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Health Care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149018673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meghna Shukla, Zeynep Zonp, Elizabeth Jenuwine, Syed Walid Ahmed, Md Nagib Mahfuz Sunny, Brianna Brand, Maha Albdour
{"title":"Prevalence of Undiagnosed Anxiety and Depression Among Urban Bangladeshi American Adolescents:A Retrospective Analysis.","authors":"Meghna Shukla, Zeynep Zonp, Elizabeth Jenuwine, Syed Walid Ahmed, Md Nagib Mahfuz Sunny, Brianna Brand, Maha Albdour","doi":"10.1016/j.pedhc.2026.08.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2026.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Undiagnosed anxiety and depression during adolescence can lead to significant impairment and negative health outcomes. This study aims to examine the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms among undiagnosed Bangladeshi American adolescents (BAAs) and determine their association with comorbidities and patterns of healthcare utilization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective 12-month chart review was conducted examining adolescent BAAs' scores on depression (PHQ-9), anxiety screenings (GAD-7), comorbidities, and types of health visits. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were utilized to characterize the sample.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the sample (n = 267 BAAs), 77.5% had moderate anxiety symptoms, and 81.3% had moderate depressive symptoms. 137 participants (51.3%) reported concurrent moderate anxiety/depression symptoms and 16 (6.0%) reported concurrent high anxiety/depression symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite routine primary care screenings resulting in high numbers of positive clinical screens for anxiety/depression, formal diagnosis for BAAs was inadequate. It is crucial for clinicians to improve mental healthcare delivery to address mental health disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":50094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Health Care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149008998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jimin Lee, Kevin Strobino, Daniela Nilo, Ellen A Shaw, Michael L Rinke, Patricia A Hametz, Arti D Desai, Erika L Abramson, Madeline R Sterling, Divya Lakhaney
{"title":"Hospital Utilization in Children With Medical Complexity in a Cross-Setting Complex Care Program.","authors":"Jimin Lee, Kevin Strobino, Daniela Nilo, Ellen A Shaw, Michael L Rinke, Patricia A Hametz, Arti D Desai, Erika L Abramson, Madeline R Sterling, Divya Lakhaney","doi":"10.1016/j.pedhc.2026.07.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2026.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Children with medical complexity (CMC) account for disproportionate pediatric hospital utilization. Complex care programs (CCP) may reduce utilization but are often resource intensive. We evaluated whether enrollment in a cross-setting CCP was associated with reduced hospitalizations and inpatient days.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of CMC enrolled in a children's hospital CCP from 2015 to 2024. The CCP supports cross-setting care through a small team (pediatric hospitalist, nurse practitioner, and community health worker) without dedicated clinic space. Outcomes were annualized hospitalization rates and inpatient days up to 2 years before and after enrollment. We used pre-post comparisons and multivariable negative binomial regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 71 patients, median hospitalizations decreased from 3.5 to 2.0/year and inpatient days from 41.5 to 11.5/year (both p < .001). Adjusted analyses showed reductions of 32% in hospitalizations and 72% in inpatient days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CCP enrollment was associated with reduced hospital utilization among CMC.</p>","PeriodicalId":50094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Health Care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148992167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cytotoxic Lesions of the Corpus Callosum Associated With Addison's Disease: A Case Report.","authors":"Nurşah Yeniay Süt, Miraç Yıldırım, Ömer Bektaş, Elif Özsu, Serap Teber","doi":"10.1016/j.pedhc.2026.07.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2026.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cytotoxic Lesions of the Corpus Callosum (CLOCCs) are transient splenial lesions typically triggered by infections, trauma, or metabolic disturbances. This report documents a unique case of a 13-year-old girl with CLOCCs secondary to Addison's disease, an association not previously reported. The patient initially presented with lethargy, fever, and hyperpigmentation of the skin and gingiva. Investigations revealed profound hyponatremia (121 mmol/L) and hypoosmolality, while a brain MRI confirmed a cytotoxic lesion in the splenium. Although meningoencephalitis was initially suspected, markedly elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and low cortisol levels ultimately confirmed primary adrenal insufficiency. The pathogenesis likely involves cytotoxic edema and blood-brain barrier dysfunction driven by severe electrolyte imbalance and hypocortisolism. Following hydrocortisone replacement therapy and gradual sodium correction, the patient achieved a rapid clinical recovery. A follow-up MRI demonstrated complete resolution of the lesion within one week. This case highlights the importance of considering adrenal insufficiency in the differential diagnosis of reversible splenial lesions, particularly when physical signs like hyperpigmentation are present.</p>","PeriodicalId":50094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Health Care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148914178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikole McLean, Raquel Vargas-Whale, Lisa Porterfield
{"title":"Implementation of an Evidence-Based Retinal Evaluation Pathway for Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma.","authors":"Nikole McLean, Raquel Vargas-Whale, Lisa Porterfield","doi":"10.1016/j.pedhc.2026.07.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2026.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Abusive head trauma (AHT) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and young children. Retinal hemorrhages are important findings in suspected AHT and require timely ophthalmologic evaluation, yet standardized retinal evaluation processes and pediatric ophthalmology access remain inconsistent.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This evidence-based practice improvement project used the Iowa Model within the SQUIRE 2.0 framework to implement a standardized retinal evaluation pathway at a Level III pediatric trauma hospital. Interventions included a retinal imaging protocol, staff competency training, standardized documentation, and teleophthalmology consultation. Sixty-two pediatric patients with suspected AHT were evaluated (31 pre-intervention, 31 post-intervention).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Documented pediatric ophthalmology diagnoses with follow-up recommendations increased from 0% pre-intervention to 77.4% post-intervention (Fisher's exact test, p < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A standardized retinal evaluation pathway significantly improved ophthalmologic review, documentation, and follow-up planning for pediatric patients with suspected AHT.</p>","PeriodicalId":50094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Health Care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148892749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}