Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The pharmaceutical applications of palm kernel oil: innovations in dermatological therapies.","authors":"Teong Gee Thor, Rana Sejare, Xin Yi Teoh, Ahmed Bassam Farhan, Sri Fatmawati, Siok Yee Chan","doi":"10.3389/jpps.2026.16205","DOIUrl":"10.3389/jpps.2026.16205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dermatological problems of the skin, hair or nails are considered one of the most cutaneous complaints and form around 30% of all visits to dermatologists. Recent treatments have been focused on exploring natural agents as alternatives for antibiotic-free treatments. Palm kernel oil (PKO) is identified as one of the healthy alternatives and is incorporated into traditional healthcare as a result of its safety and efficacy on the human body. PKO is a vegetable oil which is extracted from the seeds of the palm plant fruit. It has various therapeutic benefits, especially on skin health including antibacterial, antifungal, emollient, moisturiser, antioxidant and anti-ageing effects. Moreover, the moisturising potential can prevent dryness and enhance the elasticity of the skin. These remarkable effects could be the key to encouraging the pharmaceutical industries and researchers to further utilise and incorporate pharmacological properties of PKO in developing natural pharmaceutical skincare and dermatological products as a promising safe, sustainable and cost-effective alternative. This article highlights the important pharmacological effects and the latest pharmaceutical applications of PKO and its derivatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":50090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"29 ","pages":"16205"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13679054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149229226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbapenem-based versus non-carbapenem therapy for hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia in a resource-limited setting: a retrospective cohort study of clinical outcomes.","authors":"Uroosa Kanwal, Iyad Naeem Muhammad, Ale Zehra, Syed Shaukat Ali Muttaqi Shah, Falak Abro, Tehreem Ansari, Najia Rahim, Rabya Munawar, Mujahid Hussain","doi":"10.3389/jpps.2026.17336","DOIUrl":"10.3389/jpps.2026.17336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) are major causes of in-hospital mortality and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Carbapenems are commonly used due to their broad-spectrum activity; however, their efficacy in real-world clinical practices comparing carbapenem with non-carbapenem regimens in these settings is limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare clinical outcomes between patients receiving carbapenem-based and non-carbapenem therapy for HAP and VAP at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included 93 adult patients (HAP: n = 62, VAP: n = 31) over the period of 1 year. Demographics, comorbidities, microbial isolates, treatment regimen, and clinical outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and risk ratio calculations with 95% confidence interval. Multivariable logistic regression was planned to adjust for confounders but was not feasible due to missing severity score and biomarker data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HAP was more common in females (63%), while VAP showed a male predominance (52%). The most common pathogens were <i>Acinetobacter spp.</i> (HAP: 11.3%; VAP: 19.4%) and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (HAP: 11.3%; VAP: 16.1%). The most prevalent comorbidity in HAP was diabetes mellitus (38.7%). Carbapenem-based therapy (meropenem) was used in 65.6% of cases and the most frequently prescribed non-carbapenem agents were piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, and colistin. No significant difference in mortality was observed between carbapenem and non-carbapenem therapy in HAP (31.6% vs. 29.2%; RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.50-2.36, p = 0.840) or VAP (65.2% vs. 50.0%; RR 1.30, 95% CI 0.61-2.77, p = 0.440). VAP was associated with significantly higher crude mortality than HAP (61.3% vs. 30.6%; p = 0.005). Crude mortality rates appeared highest among patients in the <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> group (70.4%) and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> group (31.3%), though treatment group difference were not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this single-center retrospective cohort, no statistically significant association between carbapenem-based therapy and all-cause in-hospital mortality was detected in HAP or VAP. Crude mortality appeared highest among patients with <i>Acinetobacter</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> isolates. However, wide confidence intervals, treatment-selection bias, and unadjusted analyses preclude definitive conclusions. These findings should be considered hypothesis-generating, requiring confirmation in adequately powered, larger prospective studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"29 ","pages":"17336"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13654855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149170456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Availability, utilization, and factors associated with professional pharmacy services in community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Wael Y Khawagi, Omar N Al-Sharif, Tariq A Al-Zahrani, Saeed Saad A Alghamdi, Wadia S Alruqayb, Abdullah A Alshehri","doi":"10.3389/jpps.2026.17413","DOIUrl":"10.3389/jpps.2026.17413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Community pharmacists are increasingly expected to provide patient-centered clinical and public health services beyond traditional medication dispensing. However, the availability and utilization of these services in Saudi community pharmacies remain insufficiently characterized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and April 2026 among licensed pharmacists working in community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia. A structured online questionnaire assessed the availability and utilization of 26 professional pharmacy services, perceived barriers to service provision, and overall satisfaction. Service availability and utilization scores were calculated, and factors associated with high service utilization were examined using Spearman correlation and multivariable logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 188 respondents participated. Core pharmacy services, including prescription dispensing (97.9%) and medication counselling (97.3%), were widely available. In contrast, extended services such as vaccination, health screening, pharmacovigilance, electronic health record access, and private consultation rooms were considerably less available. Higher prescription volume was the strongest independent predictor of high service utilization. The most frequently reported barriers were unclear regulations (55%), workload and time constraints (53%), and administrative burden associated with the Wasfaty system (51%). Overall, 42.0% of respondents reported being satisfied or very satisfied with the current scope of pharmacy services.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Community pharmacists in selected regions of Saudi Arabia reported high availability of core pharmaceutical services, while clinical, preventive, and advanced services were less consistently available. Addressing regulatory, operational, and infrastructure-related barriers and strengthening integration with primary healthcare may enhance the contribution of community pharmacists to healthcare delivery and support broader healthcare transformation goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":50090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"29 ","pages":"17413"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13639138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149117762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of music elements on mycophenolate glucuronidation in rat liver microsomes.","authors":"Jinal Adhiya, Ali H Shalaby, Ala'A R Al-Dajani, Sara R El-Mahrouk, Carol Olympus, Heidi Ahonen, Ayman O S El-Kadi, Tony K L Kiang","doi":"10.3389/jpps.2026.17260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/jpps.2026.17260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mycophenolic acid (MPA), a first-line immunosuppressant for preventing transplant organ rejection, exhibits substantial inter- and intra-individual pharmacokinetic variability. We hypothesized that music elements (tempo, rhythm, and harmony) can affect the formation of MPA glucuronide (the major, inactive metabolite, MPAG) and MPA acyl glucuronide (the minor, toxic metabolite, AcMPAG) in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>SD rats (8-10 weeks; 200-300 g; N = 8 per group [equal sex]) were exposed for 24 h in a sound-monitored room with music combinations (fast or slow tempo with regular or irregular rhythm) versus controls. Liver microsomes were analysed for MPAG and AcMPAG formation under initial velocity conditions. As FT IR (fast tempo with irregular rhythm) significantly reduced AcMPAG formation, we further tested harmony (tonal vs. atonal [AH]) within FT IR using three independent composers and two published pieces. MPA glucuronides were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Enzyme kinetics in FT IR AH versus controls were determined across MPA concentrations (0-320 μg/mL). mRNA and protein expression of the AcMPAG-forming enzyme (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT2B1) and other expressed UGTs were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MPAG formation was unaffected by any music combination, whereas niflumic acid (100 μM, positive control) reduced it by ∼67%. AcMPAG formation was significantly reduced by FT IR (42.5 ± 14.4%; mean ± SEM; p < 0.05) and further reduced with added AH (74.4 ± 10.8%; p < 0.005). For MPAG, <i>V</i> _<i>max</i> and <i>CL</i> _<i>int</i> were comparable to controls, with a modestly higher <i>K</i> _<i>m</i> . For AcMPAG, <i>V</i> _<i>max</i> and <i>CL</i> _<i>int</i> decreased by 89.7 ± 46.4% and 91.5 ± 29.7%, respectively (p < 0.05, n = 7 [3 males, 4 females]), with no change in <i>K</i> _<i>m</i> . No sex differences in kinetic parameters were observed for either analyte. Inter-composer differences in MPA glucuronidation could be explained by the legato (continuous)-to-staccato (intermittent) articulation ratio. Hepatic <i>Ugt2b1</i> mRNA and protein expression were unchanged after FT IR AH exposure, as were hepatic <i>Ugt1a1, Ugt1a5, Ugt1a6, Ugt1a7,</i> and <i>Ugt2b12</i> mRNA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our novel findings indicate that specific music elements (FT IR AH) reduced generation of the minor, toxic AcMPAG without affecting formation of the major, inactive MPAG. This is potentially therapeutically beneficial, as the adverse effects of MPA might be selectively attenuated without altering its clearance or therapeutic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"29 ","pages":"17260"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13627072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149117740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of microphysiological systems with computational and digital twin modeling for pharmaceutical development: a systematic review.","authors":"Marzieh Soheili, Behdad Gilzad Kohan, Leila Rastegar, Yousef Moradi, Hamed Gilzad Kohan","doi":"10.3389/jpps.2026.16454","DOIUrl":"10.3389/jpps.2026.16454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The pharmaceutical industry faces a productivity crisis, with only ∼10% of candidates reaching approval and development costs exceeding $1-2 billion per drug. Traditional preclinical models, particularly animal studies, show limited predictive validity for human outcomes. Microphysiological systems (MPS), including organ-on-chip devices, integrated with digital twin computational modeling, offer a promising route to improve translational prediction, yet no systematic assessment exists.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify, evaluate, and synthesize the published literature on integrating MPS with digital twin computational modeling for pharmaceutical development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD420251274941), PubMed and Europe PMC were searched from January 2010 to December 2025. Studies were included if they integrated MPS platforms with computational models (PBPK, QSP, IVIVE, PK/PD, or machine learning). Two-stage automated screening with independent verification by two researchers was applied. Data extraction captured organ systems, model types, platforms, validation approaches, pharmacokinetic parameters, software, and economic considerations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 2,044 records, 123 studies met inclusion criteria. Publication activity grew exponentially (CAGR ∼35%), with 38.2% published in 2024-2025. Liver was the most represented organ (30.9%), followed by vasculature (19.5%), gut (18.7%), and immune components (17.1%). PBPK was the predominant computational approach (18.7%), followed by PK (12.2%), IVIVE (12.2%), and machine learning (9.8%). Commercially, Emulate led (55.8%), then Mimetas (23.3%) and CN Bio (19.2%); custom/academic platforms comprised 74.2%. Validation was robust, with 95.8% discussing clinical data comparisons and 77.5% reporting average fold error. Only liver-PBPK and liver-PK qualified as established combinations (>5 studies), with many organ-model pairings unexplored. Multi-organ systems showed accelerating adoption after 2021. Economic themes were discussed qualitatively, but formal health economic analyses were absent.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MPS-digital twin integration has matured from an emerging concept into a research paradigm with demonstrated translational value. Validation practices are strong and aligned with regulatory expectations, supported by the FDA Modernization Act 2.0 and the ISTAND program's acceptance of Liver-Chip technology. Liver-focused applications are the most mature and should serve as a template for expansion. Priority gaps include kidney, lung, and brain MPS-computational integration, multi-organ systems, and rigorous health economic analyses. Continued standardization and regulatory engagement will be essential to realize this approach's potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":50090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"29 ","pages":"16454"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13585699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149008993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related risk factors for leftover drugs: a lifespan analysis in community pharmacies.","authors":"Toshiyuki Hirai, Shunsuke Hanaoka, Yuusuke Terakado, Toshiichi Seki, Hiroyuki Hayashi, Fumiyuki Watanabe","doi":"10.3389/jpps.2026.16879","DOIUrl":"10.3389/jpps.2026.16879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Medication adherence is a critical global challenge because suboptimal adherence reduces therapeutic efficacy and increases healthcare costs. While leftover drugs are vital indicators of potential adherence-related challenges, age-specific factors contributing to their occurrence, particularly across the lifespan, remain insufficiently understood. This study was aimed at clarifying age-stratified factors associated with leftover drugs using large-scale objective data from protocol-based pharmacotherapy management (PBPM) in community pharmacies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a single-center, retrospective, observational cohort study of 36,340 outpatients. Objective reporting of data based on the PBPM in community pharmacies between 2016 and 2021 was analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression and predicted probability models were used to evaluate the interactions between age (decade-stratified) and four primary clinical factors: drug count, prescription duration, prescribing department count, and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall proportion of leftover drugs was 9.6% (<i>n</i> = 3,472). In the overall population comparison, no significant differences were observed in terms of sex, but the patients in the leftover group were significantly older and had higher medication counts, longer prescription durations, and more prescribing departments. Multivariate analysis revealed significant interactions between age and each of the three primary prescription-related factors. The impact of clinical characteristics on the proportion of leftover drugs varied distinctly across life stages. Specifically, long-term prescription was the most potent risk factor for younger adults (20s-40s), whereas polypharmacy and multidepartment visits were the primary factors associated with leftover drugs for older patients. Predicted probability models indicated that having fewer than five prescribed medications was consistently associated with a lower likelihood of leftover drugs across all age groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the influence of clinical characteristics on leftover drug shifting substantially with age. Consequently, effective management requires age-specific interventions centered on minimizing drug counts, with an emphasis on optimizing prescription duration in younger adults and promoting medication simplification and inter-institutional coordination in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":50090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"29 ","pages":"16879"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13586776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149008534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fenofibrate in ophthalmology: therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms.","authors":"Sean Chung-Hei Ho, Isabelle Xin Yu Lee, Chang Liu, Mingyi Yu, Hong Chang Tan, Gavin Siew Wei Tan, Yu-Chi Liu","doi":"10.3389/jpps.2026.16995","DOIUrl":"10.3389/jpps.2026.16995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ophthalmic diseases are a growing global cause of visual impairment, driven by population aging and the rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonist widely used for dyslipidemia, has emerged as a candidate for therapeutic repurposing in ophthalmology. This narrative review synthesizes current preclinical and clinical evidence on fenofibrate across anterior and posterior segment diseases, including diabetic corneal neuropathy, diabetic keratopathy, dry eye disease, corneal burns, Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, neovascular age-related macular degeneration, and central retinal artery occlusion. Across ocular disease models, fenofibrate demonstrates neuroprotective, vascular stabilizing, and tissue-remodeling effects. These actions appear to involve modulation of shared pathogenic pathways, including PPARα-dependentregulation of inflammatory signaling, mitochondrial and lipid metabolism, and preservation of epithelial, endothelial, neuronal, and vascular integrity. Clinical evidence is strongest for diabetic retinopathy, where randomized trials support a potential adjunctive role in slowing progression and reducing interventions in patients with early-to-moderate disease. Preliminary clinical evidence for diabetic corneal neuropathy is promising but limited, whereas data for dry eye disease, corneal burns, Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, neovascular age-related macular degeneration, and retinal ischemic injury remains preclinical. Emerging experimental ocular delivery strategies may improve local bioavailability while reducing systemic exposure. Overall, fenofibrate represents a biologically plausible adjunctive ophthalmic therapy, but further randomized trials, mechanistic studies, pharmacokinetic evaluation, and long-term safety assessments are required to define its therapeutic role beyond diabetic retinopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"29 ","pages":"16995"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13552011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148914085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative hyaluronic acid-decorated quatsomes for enhanced renal targeting: design, optimization and <i>in-vivo</i> biochemical and nephroprotective assessments.","authors":"Sadek Ahmed, Rana M ElBishbishy, Mohamed A Sadek, Osama Saher","doi":"10.3389/jpps.2026.16787","DOIUrl":"10.3389/jpps.2026.16787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The kidney plays a critical role in metabolite excretion, fluid regulation, and homeostasis, yet remains highly vulnerable to structural and functional disorders. Kidney diseases represent a major global health burden, often progressing to chronic complications due to the limited efficacy and poor selectivity of conventional therapies, which are frequently associated with systemic toxicity. Accordingly, the development of targeted drug delivery systems is essential to improve therapeutic outcomes. In this study, advanced quatsomes were developed as a kidney-targeted nanosystem to enhance the delivery of curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound with potent antioxidant and nephroprotective properties. The system was composed of di-dodecyl-dimethyl-ammonium bromide (DDAB), cholesterol, limonene, hyaluronic acid (HA) and surfactants, and was fabricated using the ethanol injection method. A 2³ factorial design was employed to optimize formulation variables, including DDAB:cholesterol ratio, limonene:drug ratio, and surfactant concentration. The optimized formulation (desirability = 0.950) exhibited high entrapment efficiency (87.80%), nanosized vesicles (120.55 nm), and a positive surface charge (+38.30 mV). Transmission electron microscopy confirmed spherical morphology, while <i>in-vitro</i> release studies demonstrated a biphasic profile. The formulation also showed good physicochemical stability and enhanced antioxidant activity. Mechanistically, passive targeting via nanoscale size and cationic charge facilitated interaction with the glomerular filtration barrier and mesangial uptake, while limonene improved vesicle deformability. HA functionalization further enabled CD44-mediated active targeting. <i>In vivo</i>, the optimized system significantly reduced serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels in a cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity model, with histological evidence of renal protection. Overall, the developed quatsomes demonstrate promising potential as an efficient renal-targeted nanocarrier.</p>","PeriodicalId":50090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"29 ","pages":"16787"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148690165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug-related problems and their predictors in pediatric community-acquired infections: the role of pharmacist-led interventions in Pakistan.","authors":"Sana Ali, Ale Zehra, Fakhsheena Anjum, Syed Shaukat Ali Muttaqi Shah, Falak Abro, Sadia Shakeel, Muhammad Ali","doi":"10.3389/jpps.2026.16612","DOIUrl":"10.3389/jpps.2026.16612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) are a leading cause of preventable harm to hospitalized children, yet the data from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, severity and determinants of DRPs in children with community-acquired infections (CAIs) using standard classification, and to quantify clinical and economic impact of pharmacist-led interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective interventional study conducted (June 2024-March 2025), in pediatric ward of tertiary care public hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Children aged 2months-14 years with CAIs were enrolled. A trained pharmacist reviewed medication orders daily, identifying DRPs (classified by PCNE V9.1 and severity by NCC MERP criteria). Interventions were proposed to physicians and acceptance rates recorded. Direct cost savings were calculated and DRP predictors were identified using logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3,842 medication orders were reviewed for 400 patients, identifying 2,010 DRPs (5.03 DRPs/patient). Primary causes were dose-selection (C3-58.13%), drug-form (C2-15.01%), and drug-selection (C1-13.08%). Severity assessment classified 9.0% of errors as having potential to cause serious harm. Pharmacist interventions had 98.7% acceptance and 81.1% DRPs were resolved. Number of medications (AOR 1.32), fever (AOR 2.84) and length of stay >7days (AOR 1.76) were identified as predictors of DRPs; past immunization was protective (AOR 0.51). Direct cost saving was PKR 363,184 (USD1,290) over 10 months (23:1 cost ratio). Cost per DRP prevented was PKR 241 (USD 0.86), with 142% return on investment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DRPs affected 52.3 per 100 medication orders in hospitalized children with CAIs, with dose selection DRPs predominant and 9% having serious harm potential. Pharmacist-led interventions demonstrated a 98.7% acceptance rate and 81.1% resolution of DRPs, and were associated with substantial cost savings, providing evidence for integrating clinical pharmacy services in LMICs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"29 ","pages":"16612"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13422215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148631896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cross-talk between GSK-3β, RKIP, and PTEN as potential targets for therapeutic implications in cancer: a comprehensive insight.","authors":"Esraa M Mosalam, Mahmoud S Abdallah, Ahmed R Gardouh, Eman Hamza, Mostafa M Bahaa, Mahmoud Nazih, Reham A Al-Dhelaan, Noha Kamal","doi":"10.3389/jpps.2026.16610","DOIUrl":"10.3389/jpps.2026.16610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The serine/threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) was initially identified and studied in the regulation of glycogen synthesis. In some cases, suppression of GSK-3 activity by phosphorylation by Akt and other kinases has been associated with cancer progression. In these cases, GSK-3 has tumor suppressor functions. In other cases, GSK-3 has been associated with tumor progression by stabilizing components of the beta-catenin complex. In these situations, GSK-3 has oncogenic properties. The Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) has been reported to be under expressed in many cancers and plays a role in the regulation of tumor cells' survival, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, hence, a tumor suppressor. RKIP also regulates tumor cell resistance to cytotoxic drugs/cells. Likewise, the tumor suppressor, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), which inhibits the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, is either mutated, under expressed, or deleted in many cancers and shares with RKIP its anti-tumor properties and its regulation in resistance. Several pathways are regulated by RKIP, GSK-3, PTEN, and the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulations of RKIP, GSK-3, and PTEN are significantly altered in cancers. In addition, RKIP, GSK-3 and PTEN play a key role in the regulation of tumor cells response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. In this review, we will focus on the roles that GSK-3, PTEN, and RKIP play in various human cancers. We will also discuss how this pivotal kinase interacts with multiple signaling pathways such as: PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), nuclear Factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/Snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (Snail)/Yin Yang 1 (YY1) loop, and rat sarcoma virus oncogene (Ras)/rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (Raf)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK).</p>","PeriodicalId":50090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"29 ","pages":"16610"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13345995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}