Australian Journal of Physiotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Did authors draw the right conclusion?","authors":"Audrey Long , Stephen May","doi":"10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70093-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70093-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50086,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Physiotherapy","volume":"55 3","pages":"Page 220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70093-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28340605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The PEDro scale is a valid measure of the methodological quality of clinical trials: a demographic study","authors":"Natalie A. de Morton","doi":"10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70043-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70043-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Questions</h3><p>Does the PEDro scale measure only one construct ie, the methodological quality of clinical trials? What is the hierarchy of items of the PEDro scale from least to most adhered to? Is there any effect of year of publication of trials on item adherence? Are PEDro scale ordinal scores equivalent to interval data?</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Rasch analysis of two independent samples of 100 clinical trials from the PEDro database scored using the PEDro scale.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Both samples of PEDro data showed fit to the Rasch model with no item misfit. The PEDro scale item hierarchy was the same in both samples, ranging from the most adhered to item <em>random allocation,</em> to the least adhered to item <em>therapist blinding</em>. There was no differential item functioning by year of publication. Original PEDro ordinal scores were highly correlated with transformed PEDro interval scores (r = 0.99).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The PEDro scale is a valid measure of the methodological quality of clinical trials. It is valid to sum PEDro scale item scores to obtain a total score that can be treated as interval level measurement and subjected to parametric statistical analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50086,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Physiotherapy","volume":"55 2","pages":"Pages 129-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70043-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28192346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle strengthening is not effective in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: a systematic review","authors":"Aline Scianni ,&nbsp;Jane M. Butler ,&nbsp;Louise Ada ,&nbsp;Luci F. Teixeira-Salmela","doi":"10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70037-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70037-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Question</h3><p>Do strengthening interventions increase strength without increasing spasticity and improve activity, and is there any carryover after cessation in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy?</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised trials.</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>Children with spastic cerebral palsy between school age and 20 years.</p></div><div><h3>Intervention</h3><p>Strengthening interventions that involved repetitive, strong, or effortful muscle contractions and progressed as ability changed, such as biofeedback, electrical stimulation, and progressive resistance exercise.</p></div><div><h3>Outcome measures</h3><p>Strength was measured as continuous measures of maximum voluntary force or torque production. Spasticity was measured as velocity-dependent resistance to passive stretch. Activity was measured as continuous measures, eg, 10-m Walk Test, or using scales eg, the Gross Motor Function Measure.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Six studies were identified and five had data that could be included in a metaanalysis. Strengthening interventions had no effect on strength (SMD 0.20, 95% CI −0.17 to 0.56), no effect on walking speed (MD 0.02 m/s, 95% CI −0.13 to 0.16), and had a small statistically-significant but not clinically-worthwhile effect on Gross Motor Function Measure (MD 2%, 95% CI 0 to 4). Only one study measured spasticity but did not report the between-group analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In children and adolescents with cerebral palsy who are walking, the current evidence suggests that strengthening interventions are neither effective nor worthwhile.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50086,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Physiotherapy","volume":"55 2","pages":"Pages 81-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70037-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28191271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individuals with chronic low back pain have a lower level, and an altered pattern, of physical activity compared with matched controls: an observational study","authors":"Cormac G. Ryan,&nbsp;P. Margaret Grant,&nbsp;Philippa M. Dall,&nbsp;Heather Gray,&nbsp;Mary Newton,&nbsp;Malcolm H. Granat","doi":"10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70061-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70061-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Question</h3><p>Is there a difference in the level and pattern of free-living physical activity between individuals with chronic low back pain and matched controls?</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Observational, cross-sectional study.</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>Fifteen individuals with chronic low back pain and fifteen healthy controls matched for age, gender, and occupation.</p></div><div><h3>Outcome measures</h3><p>Participants wore an activity monitor for seven days. Level of physical activity was measured as time standing and walking, and number of steps averaged over a 24-hour day (midnight to midnight), day time (9.00 am – 4.00 pm), and evening time (6.00 pm – 10.00 pm), and work days versus non-work days. Pattern of physical activity was measured as number of steps and cadence during short (&lt; 20 continuous steps), moderate (20–100 continuous steps), long (&gt; 100–499 continuous steps), and extra long walks (≥ 500 continuous steps).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Over an average 24-hour day, the chronic low back pain group spent 0.7 fewer hours (95% CI 0.3 to 1.1) walking, and took 3480 fewer steps (95% CI 1754 to 5207) than the healthy controls. They took 793 fewer steps/day (95% CI –4 to 1591) during moderate walks, and 1214 fewer steps/day (95% CI 425 to 2003) during long walks, and 11 fewer steps/min (95% CI 4 to 17) during extra long walks than the healthy controls.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Individuals with chronic low back pain have a lower level, and an altered pattern, of physical activity compared with matched controls.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50086,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Physiotherapy","volume":"55 1","pages":"Pages 53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70061-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27993067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restriction of the range of arm elevation exercises for one week after surgery for breast cancer can reduce the incidence of lymphoedema","authors":"Robyn Box","doi":"10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70065-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70065-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Question</h3><p>: Does restriction of full shoulder mobilisation for one week reduce the incidence and severity of lymphoedema in women after axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for breast cancer?</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p><em><strong>:</strong></em> Randomised, controlled trial with concealed allocation and blinded assessment of some outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>: Two hospitals in the United Kingdom.</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>: Adult women with early breast cancer admitted for surgery that included axillary lymph node dissection. Previous breast cancer, axillary surgery and local radiotherapy were exclusion criteria. Randomisation of 116 participants allotted 58 to a standard exercise regimen and 58 to the same regimen with restricted arm and shoulder movement for the first week.</p></div><div><h3>Interventions</h3><p>: All participants were prescribed four 10-minute exercise sessions per day, in which individual exercises were repeated slowly and rhythmically 3 to 4 times. The exercises included unresisted shoulder and elbow range-of-motion exercises while upright. The early mobilisation group commenced full shoulder mobilisation within two days after surgery. The exercises were modified for the delayed mobilisation group so that the arm was not elevated above horizontal for the first 7 days after surgery. Exercises encouraging full range of shoulder movement were introduced in the second week. The exercises were supervised during the hospital admission and were prescribed to continue for one year at home.</p></div><div><h3>Outcome measures</h3><p>: The primary outcome was the incidence of lymphoedema, defined as a 200 ml or greater difference in arm volume compared to the unoperated arm. Secondary outcome measures were the severity of lymphoedema again determined by volume, wound drainage volumes, range of shoulder motion, grip strength, and quality of life scores related to shoulder disability and breast cancer therapy.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>: 109 participants completed the study. After one year, 16 women in the early mobilisation group but only 6 women in the delayed mobilisation group had developed lymphoedema. Thus one case of lymphoedema was prevented for every 6 women managed with the exercise regimen that delayed shoulder mobilisation (95% CI 3 to 35). Lymphoedema severity and wound drainage were both significantly greater in the early mobilisation group. The groups did not differ significantly on the remaining secondary outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>: The incidence of lymphoedema can be reduced by restricting exercises so that the arm is not elevated above horizontal for one week after ALND.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50086,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Physiotherapy","volume":"55 1","pages":"Page 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70065-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27993071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of trials in Australian Journal of Physiotherapy","authors":"Mark Elkins ,&nbsp;Louise Ada","doi":"10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70001-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70001-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50086,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Physiotherapy","volume":"55 4","pages":"Pages 233-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70001-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28521042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progressive resistance exercise improves glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review","authors":"Casey Irvine ,&nbsp;Nicholas F. Taylor","doi":"10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70003-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70003-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Question</h3><p>Is progressive resistance exercise a safe and effective form of exercise to improve glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes?</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>People with type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p></div><div><h3>Intervention</h3><p>Progressive resistance exercise.</p></div><div><h3>Outcome measures</h3><p>The primary outcome was glycaemic control measured as percentage glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Secondary outcomes were body composition (lean body and fat free mass in kg), and muscle strength (% change in 1RM, dynamometry, change in maximum weight lifted).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The search yielded nine relevant trials that evaluated 372 people with type 2 diabetes. Compared to not exercising, progressive resistance exercise led to small and statistically significant absolute reductions in HbA1c of 0.3% (SMD –0.25, 95% CI –0.47 to –0.03). When compared to aerobic exercise there were no significant differences in HbA1c. Progressive resistance exercise resulted in large improvements in strength when compared to aerobic (SMD 1.44, 95% CI 0.83 to 2.05) or no exercise (SMD 0.95, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.31). There were no significant changes in body composition.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Progressive resistance exercise increases strength and leads to small reductions in glycosylated haemoglobin that are likely to be clinically significant for people with type 2 diabetes. Progressive resistance exercise is a feasible option in the management of glycaemia for this population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50086,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Physiotherapy","volume":"55 4","pages":"Pages 237-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70003-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28521043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cincinnati Orthopaedic Disability Index in canines","authors":"Stephanie Valentin","doi":"10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70014-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70014-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50086,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Physiotherapy","volume":"55 4","pages":"Page 288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70014-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28522543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Rating of Change scales","authors":"Steve Kamper","doi":"10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70015-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70015-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50086,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Physiotherapy","volume":"55 4","pages":"Page 289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70015-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28522544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive weaning from ventilation reduces mortality, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and length of stay in intubated adults","authors":"Grant Willson","doi":"10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70083-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70083-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To review the evidence as to whether early extubation with immediate application of non-invasive ventilation reduces mortality and ventilator-associated pneumonia and improves other outcomes in criticallyill adults receiving invasive ventilation.</p></div><div><h3>Data sources</h3><p>Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, searched up to April, 2008. This search was supplemented by hand-searching of conference proceeding and citation tracking.</p></div><div><h3>Study selection</h3><p>Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials involving adults with respiratory failure who required invasive ventilation for at least 24 hours in which extubation with immediate application of noninvasive ventilation was compared to continued invasive weaning. Outcome measures were mortality, ventilatorassociated pneumonia, weaning failure, length of stay in intensive care or hospital, total duration of ventilation (invasive and non-invasive), duration of ventilation related to weaning (after randomisation), duration of invasive-only ventilation, adverse events (arrhythmia, reintubation, tracheostomy), and quality of life.</p></div><div><h3>Data extraction</h3><p>Two reviewers extracted data and discrepancies were resolved by consensus and arbitration. Methodological quality was assessed.</p></div><div><h3>Data synthesis</h3><p>Of 1368 studies identified by the initial search, 12 studies with a total of 530 patients met the selection criteria and were included in the review. All included studies were of moderate to high quality according to the reviewers’ criteria. Based on the quantitative pooling of the available data from these trials, there was a statistically significant difference in mortality in favour of non-invasive weaning, relative risk 0.55 (95% CI 0.38 to 0.79). Non-invasive weaning also significantly reduced ventilator-associated pneumonia (relative risk 0.29, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.45), length of stay in the intensive care unit (by 6 days, 95% CI 4 to 9) and in the hospital (by 7 days, 95% CI 4 to 11), total duration of ventilation (by 6 days, 95% CI 2 to 9), duration of invasive ventilation (by 8 days, 95% CI 4 to 11), and tracheostomy (relative risk 0.16, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.75). The remaining secondary outcomes did not differ significantly. None of the included studies measured quality of life.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Non-invasive ventilation facilitates weaning and has substantial clinical benefits in adults with respiratory failure who require invasive ventilation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50086,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Physiotherapy","volume":"55 3","pages":"Page 207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70083-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28389168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}