Journal of Psychosomatic Research最新文献

{"title":"Changes in illness perception, pain catastrophizing, and psychological distress following hand surgeon consultation: A prospective study","authors":"Willemijn A. de Ridder ,&nbsp;Mark J.W. van der Oest ,&nbsp;Harm P. Slijper ,&nbsp;Guus M. Vermeulen ,&nbsp;Steven E.R. Hovius ,&nbsp;Ruud W. Selles ,&nbsp;the Hand-Wrist Study Group,&nbsp;Robbert M. Wouters","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Baseline mindset factors are important factors that influence treatment decisions and outcomes. Theoretically, improving the mindset prior to treatment may improve treatment decisions and outcomes. This prospective cohort study evaluated changes in patients' mindset following hand surgeon consultation. Additionally, we assessed if the change in illness perception differed between surgical and nonsurgical patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The primary outcome was illness perception, measured using the total score of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ, range 0–80). Secondary outcomes were the B-IPQ subscales, pain catastrophizing (measured using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)), and psychological distress (measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-4).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 276 patients with various hand and wrist conditions completed the mindset questionnaires before and after hand surgeon consultation (median time interval: 15 days). The B-IPQ total score improved from 39.7 (±10.6) before to 35.8 (±11.3) after consultation (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001, Cohen's d = 0.36); scores also improved for the B-IPQ subscales Coherence, Concern, Emotional Response, Timeline, Treatment Control, and Identity and the PCS. There were no changes in the other outcomes. Surgical patients improved on the B-IPQ subscales Treatment Control and Timeline, while nonsurgical patients did not.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Illness perception and pain catastrophizing improved following hand surgeon consultation, suggesting that clinicians may actively influence the patients' mindset during consultations, and that they may try to enhance this effect to improve outcomes. Furthermore, surgical patients improved more in illness perceptions, indicating that nonsurgical patients may benefit from a more targeted strategy for changing mindset.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 111861"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022399924002733/pdfft?md5=c09473545e9b8a7eb475ae89aea30f60&pid=1-s2.0-S0022399924002733-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression, anxiety, and development of obesity from childhood to young adulthood in China","authors":"Yunge Fan ,&nbsp;Dongfang Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Haihui Chen,&nbsp;Junxu Lin,&nbsp;Weishi Lin,&nbsp;Luning Yin,&nbsp;Rui Zhang,&nbsp;Zijuan Ma,&nbsp;Fang Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal bidirectional associations of depression and anxiety symptoms with the development of obesity over time among children and adolescents in different age groups from childhood to young adulthood.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a three-wave longitudinal study that included &gt;200,000 school-aged children between 5 and 18 years. Participants were assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as participants' weight and height, were collected at each assessment. The cross-sectional associations between obesity and depression or anxiety were examined through ANOVA and Chi-square tests. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate their longitudinal bidirectional associations.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The prevalence of obesity reached a peak in the age group between 12 and 14 years. Concurrently, higher mean BMI and obesity prevalence were associated with more severe symptoms of depression and anxiety in each age group (<em>p</em>s &lt; 0.001). Longitudinally, depression and anxiety significantly increased the risk of development of obesity over time (odds ratios [ORs] = 1.08 to 1.77). Moreover, obesity significantly aggravated the risk of development of depression (ORs = 1.17 to 1.68) and anxiety (ORs = 1.25 to 1.71) over time and hindered the alleviation of depressive (ORs = 0.68 to 0.79) and anxiety symptoms (ORs = 0.73 to 0.74).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Findings suggest that there were bidirectional associations between obesity and psychological distress. It may be important to continuously track BMI and psychological conditions for children and adolescents over time to avoid the reinforcement of their negative reciprocal interactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 111867"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141840587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tara Petzke, 2024 EAPM Elsevier young investigator award recipient, on symptom reporting","authors":"Jess G. Fiedorowicz","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111866","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 111866"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141848851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P factor in children with chronic physical illness","authors":"Mark A. Ferro,&nbsp;Christy K.Y. Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The <em>p</em> factor represents the overall liability for the development of mental illness. While evidence supporting the <em>p</em> factor in adults has been reported, studies in children are fewer, and none have examined the <em>p</em> factor in children with chronic physical illness (CPI).</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>We aimed to model the <em>p</em> factor in a longitudinal sample of children with CPI using a parent-reported checklist and examine its construct validity against a structured diagnostic interview.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used data from 263 children aged 2–16 years diagnosed with a CPI who were enrolled in the Multimorbidity in Children and Youth across the Life-course (MY LIFE) study. The <em>p</em> factor was modelled using the Emotional Behavioural Scales over 24 months using confirmatory factor analysis. Validation of the <em>p</em> factor was set against the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Factorial evidence supported the <em>p</em> factor, modelled using a bi-factor structure, compared to a standard correlated-factors (i.e., two-factor) structure [Δχ² = 9.66(4), <em>p</em> = 0.047]. <em>p</em> factor scores were correlated with the number of different mental illness diagnoses (<em>r</em> = 0.71) and total number of diagnoses (<em>r</em> = 0.72). Dose-response relationships were shown for the number of different diagnoses (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and total number of diagnoses (p &lt; 0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In this first study of the <em>p</em> factor in children with CPI, we showed evidence of its bi-factor structure and associations with mental illness diagnoses. Mental comorbidity in children with CPI is pervasive and warrants transdiagnostic approaches to integrated pediatric care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 111863"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022399924002757/pdfft?md5=383ac8f3a77de95464f815b2e4efddbe&pid=1-s2.0-S0022399924002757-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of app-based relaxation techniques on perceived momentary relaxation: Observational data analysis in people with cancer","authors":"Sonja Schläpfer ,&nbsp;George Astakhov ,&nbsp;Samuel Pawel ,&nbsp;Manuela Eicher ,&nbsp;Tobias Kowatsch ,&nbsp;Leonhard Held ,&nbsp;Claudia M. Witt ,&nbsp;Jürgen Barth","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To examine the effects of six relaxation techniques on perceived momentary relaxation and a possible association of relaxation effects with time and practice experience in people with cancer.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used data from participants with cancer in a larger study practicing app-based relaxation techniques over 10 weeks, assessed momentary relaxation before and after every third relaxation practice, and analyzed momentary relaxation changes with a linear mixed-effects model.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The sample included 611 before-after observations from 91 participants (70 females (76.9%)) with a mean age of 55.43 years (SD 10.88). We found moderate evidence for variations in momentary relaxation changes across different techniques (<em>P</em> = .026), with short meditation, mindfulness meditation, guided imagery, and progressive muscle relaxation more frequently observed and leading to more relaxation than body scan and walking meditation. Furthermore, we found moderate evidence for increasing momentary relaxation changes over time (<em>P</em> = .046), but no evidence for an association between momentary relaxation and the number of previous observations (proxy for practice experience; <em>P</em> = .47).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We compared six app-based relaxation techniques in a real-life setting of people with cancer. The observed variations in perceived momentary relaxation appear to correspond with the popularity of the techniques used: The most popular relaxation techniques were the most effective and the least popular were the least effective. The effects increased over time, likely caused by dropout of individuals who gained no immediate benefit. Our findings open an interesting avenue for future research to better understand which relaxation techniques work best for whom in which situations.</p></div><div><h3>Trial Registration</h3><p>DRKS00027546; <span><span>https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00027546</span><svg><path></path></svg></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 111864"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022399924002769/pdfft?md5=9a2a202a85ee3d09f0ae8651987d9e4f&pid=1-s2.0-S0022399924002769-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural resonance and medical practice: Heart rate variability test in Taiwanese psychiatry clinics","authors":"Yu-Hsuan Lin ,&nbsp;Tien-Yu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111860","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 111860"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141731730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Which patients are at risk of developing symptom diagnoses that persist for more than a year in primary care? Development and external validation of a prediction model","authors":"Asma Chaabouni ,&nbsp;Juul Houwen ,&nbsp;Reinier Akkermans ,&nbsp;Kees van Boven ,&nbsp;Iris Walraven ,&nbsp;Marco H. Blanker ,&nbsp;Henk Schers ,&nbsp;Tim C. Olde Hartman","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To train, test and externally validate a prediction model that supports General Practitioners (GPs) in early identification of patients at risk of developing symptom diagnoses that persist for more than a year.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We retrospectively collected and selected all patients having episodes of symptom diagnoses during the period 2008 and 2021 from the Family Medicine Network (FaMe-Net) database. From this group, we identified symptom diagnoses that last for less than a year and symptom diagnoses that persist for more than a year. Multivariable logistic regression analysis using a backward selection was used to assess which factors were most predictive for developing symptom diagnoses that persist for more than a year. Performance of the model was assessed using calibration and discrimination (AUC) measures. External validation was tested using data between 2018 and 2022 from AHON-registry, a primary care electronic health records data registry including 73 general practices from the north and east regions of the Netherlands and about 460,<!--> <!-->795 patients.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>From the included 47,870 patients with a symptom diagnosis in the FaMe-Net registry, 12,481 (26.1%) had a symptom diagnosis that persisted for more than a year. Older age (≥ 75 years: OR = 1.30, 95% CI [1.19, 1.42]), having more previous symptom diagnoses (≥ 3: 1.11, [1.05, 1.17]) and more contacts with the GP over the last 2 years (≥ 10 contacts: 5.32, [4.80, 5.89]) were predictive of symptom diagnoses that persist for more than a year with a marginally acceptable discrimination (AUC 0.70, 95% CI [0.69–0.70]). The external validation showed poor performance with an AUC of 0.64 ([0.63–0.64]).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>A clinical prediction model based on age, number of previous symptom diagnoses and contacts might help the GP to early identify patients developing symptom diagnoses that persist for more than a year. However, the performance of the original model is limited. Hence, the model is not yet ready for a large-scale implementation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 111859"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002239992400271X/pdfft?md5=ad591269fc5216b520a0ba7a363dd307&pid=1-s2.0-S002239992400271X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141703407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The weight of weights: Causal impact of overweight on major depressive disorder and its disparate association with suicide attempts in over 450,000 individuals of European ancestry (AM-SRNMA 003)","authors":"Wenbo Huang ,&nbsp;Cheng Lin ,&nbsp;Mingxin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>Some studies and societal discussions have suggested a potential link between overweight and a higher risk of mental disorders and suicidal ideation. However, the causal relationships between these factors remain unclear. This study aims to assess the bidirectional causal associations between overweight and mental disorders, including suicidal attempts.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We conducted a Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization study utilizing data from over 450,000 individuals of European ancestry sourced from a comprehensive Genome-Wide Association Study database. We chose single-nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our analyses consistently supported a unidirectional causal association of overweight with the increased risk of major depressive disorder (MDD, β = 0.152, se = 0.069, <em>P</em> = 0.027), bipolar affective disorders (BD, β = 0.197, se = 0.092, <em>P</em> = 0.033), and attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, β = 0.308, se = 0.080, <em>P</em> = 1.366 × 10⁻⁴). We observed no significant causal relationships for the exposure of overweight to anxiety disorder (AD), manic episode (MA), panic disorder (PD), schizophrenia (SZ), substance use disorder (SUD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ever attempted suicide, recent thoughts of suicide or self-harm, and suicide or other intentional self-harm events.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study has provided evidence for the causal relationship between overweight and MDD, BD, ADHD, with no observed relationship between overweight and AD, MA, PD, SZ, SUD, ASD, ever attempted suicide, recent thoughts of suicide or self-harm, and suicide or other intentional self-harm events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 111858"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141622491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic causal relationship between placental weight and autism spectrum disorder: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Zhao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Object</h3><p>Previous research has suggested an association between placental tissue abnormalities and the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. This study aims to explore the causal relationship between placental weight and autism spectrum disorder.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study employed Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the potential causal relationship between placental weight and autism spectrum disorder. The study design involved two sample populations, with data for the exposed population sourced from previous studies focusing on PW, and data for the outcome population obtained from the Integrative Psychiatric Research and the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium study. To ensure the robustness of the results, three sensitivity analyses were performed, including heterogeneity testing, pleiotropy testing, and a leave-one-out analysis. The inverse variance weighted method served as the gold standard for the Mendelian randomization analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results of the first analysis revealed a significant correlation between an increase in placental weight and an elevated risk of autism spectrum disorder (<em>p</em> = 0.02). Sensitivity analysis detected heterogeneity and outliers. After removing two outlier SNPs in the second round of analysis, the results still supported a genetic causal relationship between placental weight and autism spectrum disorder (<em>p</em> = 0.01). The second-round sensitivity analysis did not reveal any heterogeneity or outliers.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our study provides compelling evidence supporting a causal relationship between elevated placental weight and increased risk of autism spectrum disorder. These findings underscore the significance of placental development in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder and propose a potential early predictive indicator for autism spectrum disorder.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 111857"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fear of hypoglycemia in parents of children with type 1 diabetes trained for intranasal glucagon use","authors":"Alda Troncone ,&nbsp;Alessia Piscopo ,&nbsp;Angela Zanfardino ,&nbsp;Antonietta Chianese ,&nbsp;Crescenzo Cascella ,&nbsp;Gaetana Affuso ,&nbsp;Anna Borriello ,&nbsp;Stefano Curto ,&nbsp;Assunta Serena Rollato ,&nbsp;Veronica Testa ,&nbsp;Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice ,&nbsp;Lorenza Magliano ,&nbsp;Dario Iafusco","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate fear of hypoglycemia (FoH) in parents of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) before and after undergoing training to learn intranasal (IN) glucagon administration.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>In this pre-test/post-test uncontrolled study 364 caregivers of patients with T1D (6–18 years) completed questionnaires measuring sociodemographic characteristics, diabetes-related factors (e.g., type of insulin therapy, glycemic control), and parents' trait anxiety. Parents' FoH was assessed at baseline (T0, training) and after nine months (T1). Two repeated-measure mixed analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) compared the FoH at T0 and at T1 and analyzed the moderating roles of anxiety proneness and type of insulin therapy, as well as of anxiety proneness and use of sensor. Age, T1D duration, HbA1c values, and SES were included as covariates.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Parental FoH at T1 (M = 1.72; SE = 0.06/M = 1.57; SE = 0.09) was significantly lower than parental FoH at T0 (M = 1.89; SE = 0.06/M = 1.77; SE = 0.09). The group with high trait-anxiety had a higher level of FoH (M = 2.05; SE = 0.08/M = 1.89; SE = 0.12) than the group with low trait-anxiety (M = 1.57; SE = 0.08/M = 1.46; SE = 0.09) at both time points. SES was negatively associated with FoH at T0 (<em>t</em> = −2.87; <em>p =</em> .004/<em>t</em> = −2.87; <em>p</em> = .005). No other significant effects were found.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Training and educating parents on IN glucagon use can help them effectively manage hypoglycemic episodes and alleviate the fear that generally accompany such events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 111856"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002239992400268X/pdfft?md5=d395245850f742bd96e83efbbf3bb01b&pid=1-s2.0-S002239992400268X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}