Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Collaborative discontinuation of antipsychotics after the first episode of psychosis.","authors":"Theo Korchia, Hani Abdelhafez, Alice Bretelle, Ridha Joober, Lena Palaniyappan","doi":"10.1503/220223","DOIUrl":"10.1503/220223","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 4","pages":"E265-E266"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10729749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9792205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving causality perception judgments in schizophrenia spectrum disorder via transcranial direct current stimulation.","authors":"Rasmus Schülke, Christina V Schmitter, Benjamin Straube","doi":"10.1503/jpn.220184","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.220184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Deficient causality perception and attribution may underlie key symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD), such as delusions and ideas of reference. Although transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can increase the influence of spatial information on perceptual causality judgments among healthy participants, its effect among patients with SSD remains unknown. We sought to determine whether tDCS modulates the contribution of stimulus characteristics to perceptual causality judgments among patients with SSD; we predicted that right parietal tDCS would increase the influence of spatial stimulus characteristics on patients' causality perception.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with SSD received frontal, parietal, frontoparietal and sham tDCS in 4 separate sessions. Pre- and post-tDCS, patients viewed video clips of ball A colliding with ball B. Spatial linearity (ball B's angle of egress) and temporal contiguity (delay between collision and ball B's movement) varied parametrically. After each launching event, patients rated perceived causality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 19 patients with SSD, we found a brain region-dependent effect of tDCS regarding sensitivity to violations of spatial linearity. After right parietal anodal tDCS, the influence of angle variations on patients' perceptual causality judgments increased, reflected by a higher probability of perceived causality for stimuli with small angles and a lower probability of perceived causality for stimuli with high angles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Transcranial direct current stimulation increased the influence of spatial stimulus characteristics on causality perception among patients with SSD. Future research should explore potential links between tDCS-induced changes in basic perceptual processes and clinical symptoms, such as delusions and ideas of reference.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 4","pages":"E245-E254"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/85/12/48-4-E245.PMC10322162.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9798640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormal cerebral metabolism and metabolic connectivity in individuals with heroin dependence: an integrated resting-state PET/fMRI study in large-scale networks.","authors":"Long Jin,&nbsp;Menghui Yuan,&nbsp;Jiajie Chen,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Yixin Wei,&nbsp;Yunbo Li,&nbsp;Zhirui Guo,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Longxiao Wei,&nbsp;Qiang Li","doi":"10.1503/jpn.220171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.220171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increasing evidence suggests that heroin addiction may be related to the dysfunction among the triple brain network (default mode network [DMN], salience network [SN] and executive control network [ECN]). However, the characteristics of glucose metabolism and metabolic connectivity among core regions of the triple brain network remain unknown. Therefore, we hypothesized that individuals with heroin dependence would show abnormal glucose metabolism and accompanied abnormal metabolic connectivity within the triple brain network.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals with heroin dependence and healthy controls matched for age and sex underwent integrated positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI). Differences in glucose metabolism and metabolic connectivity among the DMN, SN and ECN were analyzed based on ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET and resting-state fMRI data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 36 individuals with heroin dependence and 30 matched healthy controls in our study. The heroin dependence group showed a significant reduction of glucose metabolism in the bilateral anterior insula (AI) and inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and a significantly decreased metabolic connectivity between the right AI and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The daily dose of methadone was negatively correlated with glucose metabolism of the right AI and right IPL.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The results revealed the glucose metabolism alterations and metabolic connectivity only within the triple brain network in individuals with heroin dependence; additional brain networks should be investigated in future studies. Although methadone is an opioid with a similar neurophysiological mechanism as heroin, the specific chronic effects of methadone on cerebral metabolism and metabolic connectivity should also be investigated in future studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that long-term opioid use might, to some extent, be associated with reduced synergistic ability between the SN and ECN, which may be associated with the dysfunction of cognitive control. In particular, the right AI, which showed hypometabolism and related reduction in SN-ECN metabolic connectivity, should receive increasing attention in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 4","pages":"E295-E304"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b3/17/48-4-E295.PMC10355996.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10201621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of nucleus accumbens D2-medium spiny neurons projecting to the ventral pallidum in anxiety-like behaviour.","authors":"Raquel Correia,&nbsp;Bárbara Coimbra,&nbsp;Ana Verónica Domingues,&nbsp;Marcelina Wezik,&nbsp;Natacha Vieitas-Gaspar,&nbsp;Rita Gaspar,&nbsp;Nuno Sousa,&nbsp;Luísa Pinto,&nbsp;Ana João Rodrigues,&nbsp;Carina Soares-Cunha","doi":"10.1503/jpn.220111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.220111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The nucleus accumbens (NAcc) is a crucial brain region for emotionally relevant behaviours. The NAcc is mainly composed of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) expressing either dopamine receptor D1 (D1-MSNs) or D2 (D2-MSNs). The D1-MSNs project to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the ventral pallidum (VP), whereas the D2-MSNs project only to the VP. The D1- and D2-MSNs have been associated with depression-like behaviours, but their contribution to anxiety remains to be determined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used optogenetic tools to selectively manipulate D1-MSN projections from the NAcc core to the VP or VTA and D2-MSN projections to the VP during validated anxiety-producing behavioural procedures in naive mice. In addition, we assessed the effects of optical stimulation on neuronal activity using in vivo electrophysiologic recordings in anesthetized animals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Optogenetic activation of D1-MSN projections to the VTA or VP did not trigger anxiety-like behaviour. However, optical activation of D2-MSN projections to the VP significantly increased anxiety-like behaviour. This phenotype was associated with a decrease in the neuronal activity of putative GABAergic neurons in the VP. Importantly, pretreating D2-MSN-VP animals with the γ-aminobutyric acid modulator diazepam prevented the optically triggered anxiety-like behaviour.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The exclusive use of males in the behavioural tests limits broader interpretation of the findings. Although we used optogenetic conditions that trigger quasi-physiologic changes, there are caveats associated with the artificial manipulation of neuronal activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The D2-MSN-VP projections contributed to the development of anxiety-like behaviour, through modulation of GABAergic activity in the VP.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 4","pages":"E267-E284"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/88/e8/48-4-E267.PMC10356001.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10201613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback training of amygdala upregulation increases affective flexibility in depression.","authors":"Laurie Compère, Greg J Siegle, Sair Lazzaro, Marlene Strege, Gia Canovali, Scott Barb, Theodore Huppert, Kymberly Young","doi":"10.1503/jpn.220208","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.220208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Decreased affective flexibility is associated with depression symptoms, and it has been suggested that common interventions may target this mechanism. To explore this hypothesis, we evaluated whether real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback (rtfMRI-nf) training to increase the amygdala responses during positive memory recall resulted in both symptom improvements, as has been observed previously, and flexibility to decrease amygdala reactivity in response to a cognitive task among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial, adults with MDD received 2 sessions of rtfMRI-nf training to increase their amygdala (experimental group) or parietal (control group) responses during positive autobiographical memory recall. We evaluated signal changes in the amygdala during both the positive memory neurofeedback and a subsequent counting condition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 38 adults with MDD, including 16 in the experimental group and 22 in the control group. In the experimental group, amygdala activity increased (<i>t</i> > 2.01, df < 27, <i>p</i> < 0.05, <i>d</i> > 0.5) and depressive symptoms decreased (-8.57, 95 % confidence interval [CI] -15.12 to -2.59; <i>t</i> ₁₃ = -3.06, <i>p</i> = 0.009, <i>d</i> = 1). Amygdala activity during the count condition decreased after rtfMRI-nf (-0.16, 95 % CI -0.23 to -0.09; <i>t</i> ₃₉₆ = 4.73, <i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>d</i> = 0.48) and was correlated with decreased depression scores (<i>r</i> = 0.46, <i>p</i> = 0.01). We replicated previous results and extended them to show decreased amygdala reactivity to a cognitive task during which no neurofeedback was provided.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The count condition was reported by participants as negative, but emotionality or accuracy during this condition was not assessed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that nominally targeting unidimensional change in neural mechanisms could have implications for bidirectional control, increasing the likely reach and explanatory framework for how common depression interventions work.<b>Trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02709161.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 3","pages":"E232-E239"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b6/3f/48-3-E232.PMC10281719.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9707160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated decision uncertainty and reduced avoidance drives in depression, anxiety and substance use disorders during approach-avoidance conflict: a replication study.","authors":"Ryan Smith, Claire A Lavalley, Samuel Taylor, Jennifer L Stewart, Sahib S Khalsa, Hannah Berg, Maria Ironside, Martin P Paulus, Robin Aupperle","doi":"10.1503/jpn.220226","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.220226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Decision-making under approach-avoidance conflict (AAC; e.g., sacrificing quality of life to avoid feared outcomes) may be affected in multiple psychiatric disorders. Recently, we used a computational (active inference) model to characterize information processing differences during AAC in individuals with depression, anxiety and/or substance use disorders. Individuals with psychiatric disorders exhibited increased decision uncertainty (DU) and reduced sensitivity to unpleasant stimuli. This preregistered study aimed to determine the replicability of this processing dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A new sample of participants completed the AAC task. Individual-level computational parameter estimates, reflecting decision uncertainty and sensitivity to unpleasant stimuli (\"emotion conflict\"; EC), were obtained and compared between groups. Subsequent analyses combining the prior and current samples allowed assessment of narrower disorder categories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample in the present study included 480 participants: 97 healthy controls, 175 individuals with substance use disorders and 208 individuals with depression and/or anxiety disorders. Individuals with substance use disorders showed higher DU and lower EC values than healthy controls. The EC values were lower in females, but not males, with depression and/or anxiety disorders than in healthy controls. However, the previously observed difference in DU between participants with depression and/or anxiety disorders and healthy controls did not replicate. Analyses of specific disorders in the combined samples indicated that effects were common across different substance use disorders and affective disorders.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>There were differences, although with small effect size, in age and baseline intellectual functioning between the previous and current sample, which may have affected replication of DU differences in participants with depression and/or anxiety disorders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The now robust evidence base for these clinical group differences motivates specific questions that should be addressed in future research: can DU and EC become behavioural treatment targets, and can we identify neural substrates of DU and EC that could be used to measure severity of dysfunction or as neuromodulatory treatment targets?</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 3","pages":"E217-E231"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f8/41/48-3-E217.PMC10281720.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9712065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barrier-environment interactions along the gut-brain axis and their influence on cognition and behaviour throughout the lifespan.","authors":"Sam E J Paton, José L Solano, François Coulombe-Rozon, Manon Lebel, Caroline Menard","doi":"10.1503/jpn.220218","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.220218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environment is known to substantially alter mental state and behaviour across the lifespan. Biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and gut barrier (GB) are major hubs for communication of environmental information. Alterations in the structural, social and motor environment at different stages of life can influence function of the BBB and GB and their integrity to exert behavioural consequences. Importantly, each of these environmental components is associated with a distinct immune profile, glucocorticoid response and gut microbiome composition, creating unique effects on the BBB and GB. These barrier-environment interactions are sensitive to change throughout life, and positive or negative alterations at critical stages of development can exert long-lasting cognitive and behavioural consequences. Furthermore, because loss of barrier integrity is implicated in pathogenesis of mental disorders, the pathways of environmental influence represent important areas for understanding these diseases. Positive environments can be protective against stress- and age-related damage, raising the possibility of novel pharmacological targets. This review summarizes known mechanisms of environmental influence - such as social interactions, structural complexity and physical exercise - on barrier composition, morphology and development, and considers the outcomes and implications of these interactions in the context of psychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 3","pages":"E190-E208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/49/a1/48-3-E190.PMC10234620.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9637505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to: \"Consistent terminology for medication-related problems in pharmacogenomic cases\".","authors":"Theo Korchia,&nbsp;Ridha Joober,&nbsp;Raphaelle Richieri,&nbsp;Priyadharshini Sabesan,&nbsp;Lena Palaniyappan","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230048-l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.230048-l","url":null,"abstract":"We appreciate the response of Polasek and colleagues1 to our hypothetical case summary on pharmacogenetics in first-episode psychosis. They raise a pertinent issue on how the term “treatment failure” used in pharmacogenetic parlance differs from its everyday clinical use. They point to our reference to the study by Jukic and colleagues,2 which defined “treatment failure” as a need to switch treatment and observe that this end point likely happened owing to both poor efficacy and increased adverse effects. Our case report highlights clearly that all 3 drugs in question — aripiprazole, risperidone and haloperidol — resulted in greater adverse effects, resulting in discontinuation (i.e., failure of the intended treatment). When treating first-episode psychosis the efficacy of most commonly used antipsychotic agents appears comparable and becomes apparent at lower median doses than what is used in chronic schizophrenia.3 When treatments fail to improve the outcomes, this is mostly because patients are not able to continue with the treatment owing to adverse effects.4 As such, the ultimate treatment choice is made on the basis of tolerance rather than efficacy. In a similar vein, for a clinician treating firstepisode psychosis, the need for pharma cogenomic testing is likely to arise mostly on the basis of adverse effects rather than poor efficacy at high doses, providing the rationale for the context in our hypothetical case report. The statement “risperidone is likely to be too slowly converted to its active metabolite” should not be taken to mean that risperidone itself is not an active moiety. The response by Polasek and colleagues indeed reiterates our intended meaning, should a reader require such clarification. We agree with the need for precision in terminologies when measuring an outcome. The descriptive phrases suggested by Polasek and colleagues — “unexpected poor efficacy” and “intolerable adverse effects” — are likely to be more useful as they both contribute to the lack of the desired treatment outcome. In fact, we highlight both of these as factors that call for pharmacogenetic testing in a patient with first-episode psychosis in our original report. We take this opportunity to highlight that these 2 phenomena are not mutually exclusive, at least in the first episode clinical setting, where patients cite both as prominent reasons for their decisions to discontinue treatment.4,5","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 3","pages":"E153"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/59/3c/48-3-E153.PMC10185349.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9634544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic variants and inferred biological processes in multiplex families with Tourette syndrome.","authors":"Jakub P Fichna,&nbsp;Małgorzata Borczyk,&nbsp;Marcin Piechota,&nbsp;Michał Korostynski,&nbsp;Cezary Zekanowski,&nbsp;Piotr Janik","doi":"10.1503/jpn.220206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.220206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tourette syndrome is a developmental neuropsychiatric disorder. Its etiology is complex and elusive, although an important role of genetic factors has been established. The aim of the present study was to identify the genomic basis of Tourette syndrome in a group of families with affected members in 2 or 3 generations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Whole-genome sequencing was performed followed by co-segregation and bioinformatic analyses. Identified variants were used to select candidate genes, which were then subjected to gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study group included 17 families comprising 80 patients with Tourette syndrome and 44 healthy family members. Co-segregation analysis and subsequent prioritization of variants pinpointed 37 rare and possibly pathogenic variants shared among affected individuals within a single family. Three such variants, in the <i>ALDH2</i>, <i>DLD</i> and <i>ALDH1B1</i> genes, could influence oxidoreductase activity in the brain. Two variants, in <i>SLC17A8</i> and <i>BSN</i> genes, were involved in sensory processing of sound by inner hair cells of the cochlea. Enrichment analysis of genes whose rare variants were present in all patients from at least 2 families identified significant gene sets implicated in cell-cell adhesion, cell junction assembly and organization, processing of sound, synapse assembly, and synaptic signalling processes.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>We did not examine intergenic variants, but they still could influence clinical phenotype.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results provide a further argument for a role of adhesion molecules and synaptic transmission in neuropsychiatric diseases. Moreover, an involvement of processes related to oxidative stress response and sound-sensing in the pathology of Tourette syndrome seems likely.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 3","pages":"E179-E189"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/66/1b/48-3-E179.PMC10205823.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10009954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between retinal and cortical visual electrophysiological impairments in schizophrenia.","authors":"Irving Remy,&nbsp;Florent Bernardin,&nbsp;Fabienne Ligier,&nbsp;Julien Krieg,&nbsp;Louis Maillard,&nbsp;Raymund Schwan,&nbsp;Thomas Schwitzer,&nbsp;Vincent Laprévote","doi":"10.1503/jpn.220224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.220224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Electrophysiological impairments in the magnocellular visual system have been reported among patients with schizophrenia, but previous theories proposed that these deficits may begin in the retina. We therefore sought to evaluate the potential contribution of the retina by comparing retinal and cortical visual electrophysiological impairments between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited patients with schizophrenia and age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We recorded the P100 amplitude and latency using electroencephalography (EEG) while projecting low (0.5 cycles/degree) or high (15 cycles/degree) spatial frequency gratings at a temporal frequency of 0 Hz or 8 Hz. We compared the P100 results with previous results for retinal ganglion cell activity (N95) in these participants. We analyzed data using repeated-measures analysis of variance and correlation analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We recruited 21 patients with schizophrenia and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Results showed decreased P100 amplitude and increased P100 latency among patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Analyses reported the main effects of spatial and temporal frequency but no interaction effects of spatial or temporal frequency by group. Moreover, correlation analysis indicated a positive association between P100 latency and previous retinal results for N95 latency in the schizophrenia group (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Alterations in the P100 wave among patients with schizophrenia are consistent with the deficits in early visual cortical processing shown in the literature. These deficits do not seem to correspond to an isolated magnocellular deficit but appear to be associated with previous retinal measurements. Such an association emphasizes the role of the retina in the occurrence of visual cortical abnormalities in schizophrenia. Studies with coupled electroretinography-EEG measurements are now required to further explore these findings.</p><p><strong>Clinical trials registration: </strong>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02864680.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 3","pages":"E171-E178"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3c/13/48-3-E171.PMC10205822.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10009953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}