Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Decreased temporal variabilities of functional connectivities in insula and lingual gyrus are associated with better early treatment response in patients with panic disorder.","authors":"Linlin You, Wenhao Jiang, Xiaotong Zhang, Yueying Li, Jiayin Wei, Yue Zhou, Suzhen Chen, Na Lu, Yingying Yue, Youyong Kong, Yonggui Yuan","doi":"10.1503/jpn.240016","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.240016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Panic disorder is a common disabling condition with limited biomarkers. We aimed to explore the diagnostic and treatment response prediction value of functional temporal variability in people with panic disorder.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with panic disorder and healthy controls received resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans and assessments. After 2 weeks of treatment, the patients with panic disorder were divided into remitted (RPD; <i>n</i> = 39) or nonremitted (NRPD; <i>n</i> = 43) subgroups. Baseline temporal variability was analyzed between the panic disorder and control groups as well as between RPD and NRPD subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our sample included 82 patients with panic disorder (39 RPD, 43 NRPD) and 105 controls. The panic disorder group showed decreased temporal variability in the left posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG), right lingual gyrus, right fusiform gyrus, and right thalamus (all <i>p</i> < 0.05, Bonferroni-corrected). A combination of variability in the lingual gyrus, PCG, and thalamus had optimal predictive value for distinguishing between the panic disorder and control groups (area under the curve = 0.776, sensitivity = 0.781, specificity = 0.732). In addition, the RPD subgroup showed significantly lower temporal variability in the left insula, right PCG, and bilateral lingual gyrus than the NRPD subgroup and control group (all <i>p</i> < 0.05, Bonferroni-corrected). Variability in the left insula and left lingual gyrus negatively correlated with the reduction rate of panic symptoms (all <i>p</i> < 0.05, Bonferroni-corrected).</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Functional brain images were collected only at baseline and may have been affected by medication use. Also, the follow-up period was only 2 weeks; sustained clinical remission may require longer follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combining lingual gyrus, PCG, and thalamus temporal variability alterations helped distinguish patients with panic disorder from healthy controls. The temporal variability in the insula and lingual gyrus are potential biomarkers for the treatment of panic disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glutamate levels and symptom burden in high-risk and first-episode schizophrenia: a dual-voxel study of the anterior cingulate cortex.","authors":"Lejia Fan, Zhenmei Zhang, Xiaoqian Ma, Liangbing Liang, Yujue Wang, Liu Yuan, Lijun Ouyang, Zongchang Li, Xiaogang Chen, Ying He, Lena Palaniyappan","doi":"10.1503/jpn.240094","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.240094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reduced glutamatergic excitability of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been long suspected in schizophrenia; recent observations support low glutamatergic tone as the primary pathophysiology contributing to subtle early features of this illness, with a secondary disinhibition (higher glutamate tone) resulting in more prominent clinical symptoms later in its course. We sought to investigate whether people with genetic high risk (GHR) for schizophrenia have lower glutamate levels in the ACC than those at later stages of clinical high risk (CHR) and those with first-episode schizophrenia (FES), among whom symptoms are already prominent.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited people with CHR, GHR, or FES, as well as healthy controls. Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we determined glutamate levels in the perigenual ACC (pACC) and dorsal ACC (dACC) using a 3 T scanner.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We recruited 302 people across multiple stages of psychosis, including 63 with CHR, 76 with GHR, and 96 with FES, as well as 67 healthy controls. Those with GHR had lower glutamate levels in the dACC than those with CHR, while those with CHR had higher glutamate levels in the pACC than those with FES. Higher disorganization, but not any other symptom domain, was associated with lower levels of glutamate in the GHR group (dACC and pACC) and in the CHR group (pACC).</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The cross-sectional design precluded inferences regarding individual clinical trajectory and resolution at 3 T was insufficient to separate spectra of glutamine from glutamate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reduced glutamatergic tone among people genetically predisposed to schizophrenia supports diminished excitability as an early feature of schizophrenia, contributing to the subtle symptom of disorganization across high-risk states. Higher glutamate levels become apparent when psychotic symptoms become prominent, possibly as a disinhibitory effect and, at the full-blown stage of psychosis, the relationship between glutamate concentrations and symptoms ceases to be simply linear.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}