Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Familial risk of major mood disorders and brain functional connectivity in the default mode, cognitive executive, and salience networks.","authors":"Daniel Murage, Anna Nazarova, Vladislav Drobinin, Nitya Adepalli, Carl A Helmick, Matthias H Schmidt, Aaron J Newman, Christopher V Bowen, Rudolf Uher","doi":"10.1503/jpn.250002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.250002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mood disorders, including depressive and bipolar disorders, begin in late adolescence to early adulthood, tend to run in families, and present early with subthreshold symptoms. They have been associated with differential connectivity in 3 core networks: the default mode network (DMN), cognitive executive network (CEN), and salience network (SN), but it remains unclear whether differences in connectivity in the DMN, CEN, and SN are associated with familial risk for mood disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited youth aged 9-19 years, including offspring of parents with major depressive or bipolar disorders (familial high risk [FHR]) and offspring of parents with no mood disorder (controls) for a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. We tested associations between family history of major mood disorders and connectivity within and between the DMN, CEN, and SN.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 215 youth: 126 at FHR with a mean age of 13.38 (standard deviation [SD] 2.91) years and 79 controls with a mean age of 13.17 (SD 2.67) years. Mean connectivity in the DMN (β = 0.003, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.023 to 0.029), CEN (β = -0.009, 95% CI, -0.070 to 0.089), and SN (β = -0.010, 95% CI -0.071 to 0.051) in the FHR group was similar to that of controls. Moreover, DMN, CEN, and SN connectivity was not significantly associated with depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Given that brain connectivity changes over the developmental period, longitudinal studies would improve understanding of how this change occurs in familial risk groups to identify critical time periods for intervention or prevention of mood disorders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Connectivity within and between the DMN, CEN, and SN is not a neural indicator of familial risk for major mood disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"50 3","pages":"E181-E193"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144163504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The manicogenic properties of clozapine: a rare but serious potential adverse effect.","authors":"Samuel Cholette-Tétrault, Mehrshad Bakhshi, Alexandru Traicu, Ridha Joober","doi":"10.1503/jpn.250048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.250048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"50 3","pages":"E194-E195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144163424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain structural and functional impairment network localization in obsessive-compulsive disorder.","authors":"Ya Tian, Wenqing Shi, Qiuying Tao, Huiting Yang, Huirong Guo, Baohong Wen, Yarui Wei, Huafu Chen, Yong Zhang, Jingliang Cheng, Shaoqiang Han","doi":"10.1503/jpn.240145","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.240145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Numerous neuroimaging studies investigating the neural substrates of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have yielded inconsistent findings, and growing evidence suggests that psychiatric disorders are more accurately localized to brain networks rather than discrete brain regions. We sought to identify brain network localization in OCD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We initially examined brain locations of structural and functional alterations among patients with OCD and healthy controls using neuroimaging studies. Employing a novel technique called functional connectivity network mapping (FCNM) and large-scale human brain connectome data, we mapped these damaged brain regions to 2 brain impairment networks in OCD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 62 neuroimaging studies involving 2578 patients with OCD and 2502 healthy controls. For FCNM, we used data from 556 healthy adults. Among patients with OCD, the grey matter volume (GMV) and resting-state activity impairment networks encompassed a broad range of brain regions, primarily involving the default mode, sensorimotor, and limbic networks, as well as the bilateral middle frontal gyrus and bilateral middle temporal gyrus. Additionally, the GMV impairment network specifically involved bilateral inferior frontal gyrus.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>We used large-scale human brain connectome data from healthy people, rather than the samples clinically and demographically matched to the original study participants, to examine brain networks in OCD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study integrated an FCNM method with large-scale human brain connectome data to map heterogeneous abnormal brain locations of OCD to structural and functional impairment networks. Our findings deepen our understanding of the neuropathological mechanisms of OCD from a network perspective and may inform future neuromodulation treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"50 3","pages":"E162-E169"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hippocampal and amygdala subfield volumes in obsessive-compulsive disorder by medication status.","authors":"Ziphozihle Ntwatwa, Christine Lochner, Annerine Roos, Tatum Sevenoaks, Jack van Honk, Marcelo C Batistuzzo, Sunah Choi, Marcelo Q Hoexter, Minah Kim, Jun Soo Kwon, David Mataix-Cols, José M Menchón, Euripedes C Miguel, Takashi Nakamae, Carles Soriano-Mas, Dick J Veltman, Nynke A Groenewold, Odile A van den Heuvel, Dan J Stein, Jonathan Ipser","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230119","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.230119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although it has been suggested that the hippocampus and amygdala (HA) are involved in the neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), volumetric findings have been inconsistent, and little work has been undertaken on the volumetry of the heterogeneous anatomic units of HA, with their specific functions and cytoarchitecture, in OCD. We sought to explore potential sources of heterogeneity in brain volumes by performing a separate analysis for people with and without psychotropic medication use, as well as the association of subfield volumes with OCD symptom severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We segmented <i>T</i> ₁-weighted images from people with OCD and healthy controls in the OCD Brain Imaging Consortium to produce 12 hippocampal subfields and 9 amygdala subfields using Free-Surfer 6.0. We assessed between-group differences in subfield volume using a mixed-effects model adjusted for age and quadratic effects of age, sex, site, and whole HA volume. We also performed subgroup analyses to examine subfield volume in relation to comorbid anxiety and depression, medication status, and symptom severity. We corrected all analyses for multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate (FDR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included images from 381 people with OCD and 338 healthy controls. These groups did not significantly differ in HA subfield volumes. However, medicated people with OCD had significantly smaller volumes in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (<i>p</i> _FDR = 0.04, <i>d</i> = -0.26) and molecular layer (<i>p</i> _FDR = 0.04, <i>d</i> = -0.29), and larger volumes in the lateral (<i>p</i> _FDR = 0.049, <i>d</i> = 0.23) and basal (<i>p</i> _FDR = 0.049, <i>d</i> = 0.25) amygdala subfields, than healthy controls. Unmedicated people with OCD had significantly smaller volumes in the hippocampal cornu ammonis sector 1 (<i>p</i> _FDR = 0.02, <i>d</i> = -0.28) than controls. We did not detect associations between any subfield volume and OCD severity.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>We used cross-sectional data, which limits the interpretation of our analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Differences in HA subfields between people with OCD and healthy controls are dependent on medication status, in line with previous work on other brain volumetric alterations in OCD. This emphasizes the importance of considering psychotropic medication in neuroimaging studies of OCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"50 3","pages":"E170-E180"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain structural correlates of subclinical body dysmorphic symptoms: a gender-informed approach.","authors":"Antonia Küttner, Marie Uhlig, Esther Zwiky, Philine König, Lena Esther Ptasczynski, Konrad Schöniger, Janine Selle, Tiana Borgers, Verena Enneking, Melissa Klug, Anna Kraus, Udo Dannlowski, Ronny Redlich","doi":"10.1503/jpn.240069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.240069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the prevalence and impact of body dysmorphic concerns on psychosocial functioning, there remains a scarcity of research examining the neurobiological and psychological correlates of these symptoms in healthy individuals. Given that previous studies on clinical body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) revealed brain structural and functional differences in limbic, frontal, and visual processing areas, as well as cognitive and emotional deficits, we sought to investigate the associations between grey matter volume (GMV), subclinical body dysmorphic symptom severity, alexithymia, and rumination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed GMV using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a sample of healthy participants. We employed a region-of-interest (ROI) approach, including the medial orbital superior frontal gyrus (SFG), precuneus, amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and inferior occipital gyrus (IOG). We analyzed associations between ROIs and body dysmorphic symptoms, with particular emphasis on the impact of gender on these associations. We corrected <i>p</i> values using threshold-free cluster enhancement and established a conservative family-wise error (FWE) threshold value of 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 219 participants. Our analysis revealed an interaction effect between body dysmorphic symptom score and gender in the right amygdala (<i>p</i> _FWE = 0.01), bilateral hippocampus (right <i>p</i> _FWE = 0.02; left <i>p</i> _FWE = 0.04), and right IOG (<i>p</i> _FWE = 0.01), reflecting a trend toward positive associations between body dysmorphic symptoms and GMV among men and negative associations among women. No significant relationships were found in the SFG, ACC, and precuneus. Women exhibited elevated levels of body dysmorphic symptoms compared with men, and body areas of concern differed between genders. Additionally, alexithymia predicted body dysmorphic symptom severity among women only.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The specificities of structural MRI measurements and cross-sectional study designs should be taken into account when interpreting these results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest an association between subclinical body dysmorphic symptoms and brain structure in limbic and visual areas moderated by gender. Insights into body dysmorphic symptomatology drawn from subclinical samples may offer valuable insights into predisposing factors in the etiology of BDD and may aid in developing targeted prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"50 3","pages":"E147-E156"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12068894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Providing a taxonomy for social cognition: how to bridge the gap between expert opinion, empirical data, and theoretical models.","authors":"Willem S Eikelboom, Esther van den Berg, Miriam H Beauchamp, Katherine O Bray, Fiona Kumfor, Sarah E MacPherson, Skye McDonald, Jacoba M Spikman, Roy P C Kessels","doi":"10.1503/jpn.240156","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.240156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The terminology used to describe components of social cognition lacks clarity and specificity. Recent studies have tried to reach consensus on definitions of social cognition based on expert opinion. These efforts resulted in semantically well-defined terms and distinct concepts, but it remains unclear whether these terms also align with empirical data and existing theoretical models of social cognition. In this commentary, we examine whether the proposed definitions for social cognition are supported by clinical observations and the extant knowledge base on the underlying neural substrates of these skills. In addition, we consider how the proposed definitions align with existing theoretical models of social cognition. We argue that consensus should not be based solely on expert opinion. Therefore, we propose an updated biopsychosocial model of social cognition that integrates proposed expert definitions with a theoretical model of social cognition based on empirical data: the Hierarchical Interdependent Taxonomy of Social cognition (HITS) model. The HITS model guides future research, helps to address the poor construct validity that has been revealed for several tests of social cognition, and provides a framework for the assessment of social cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"50 3","pages":"E157-E161"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12068893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dr. Francis Wayne Quan Memorial Prize 2024.","authors":"","doi":"10.1503/jpn.250060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.250060","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"50 2","pages":"E125"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint and distinct neural structure and function deficits in major depressive disorder with suicidality: a multimodal meta-analysis of MRI studies.","authors":"Shiqi Lin, Ziqi Chen, Youjin Zhao, Qiyong Gong","doi":"10.1503/jpn.240112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.240112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicide risk is a major concern for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that patients with MDD with suicidal ideation or suicide attempt (MDD-S) are accompanied by neurostructural or functional abnormalities, but there is no consensus of opinion on neural substrate alterations involved in MDD-S.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a whole-brain multimodal meta-analysis of existing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies to identify conjoint and separate alterations of grey matter volume (GMV) and spontaneous brain activity characteristics (regional homogeneity and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations) between patients with MDD-S and patients with MDD without suicidal ideation or suicidal attempt (MDD-NS) via the seed-based <i>d</i> mapping software. We excluded studies that used other modalities, had overlapping data, or had insufficient information.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our systematic search identified 13 structural MRI studies (471 patients with MDD-S and 508 patients with MDD-NS) and 16 resting-state functional MRI studies (704 patients with MDD-S and 554 patients with MDD-NS) published up to Dec. 5, 2023. Compared with patients with MDD-NS, those with MDD-S showed increased GMV with hypoactivity in the left postcentral gyrus, decreased GMV with hypoactivity in the right inferior parietal gyri, decreased GMV with hyperactivity in the right insula, and separate GMV and functional changes within the bilateral parietal, occipital, and frontal lobes, and the left thalamus.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>We were unable to analyze the association between brain features and clinical detail because of a lack of data. Included studies showed considerable heterogeneity and publication bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings provide a comprehensive overview of brain morphological and spontaneous functional impairments linked to impulsivity, impaired positive reward modulation, emotional disturbances, abnormal emotional processing, and cognitive deficits in MDD-S. These results support an understanding of the relationship between neural substrates and clinical symptoms in MDD-S, and these alterations provide useful insight into pathophysiological mechanisms and intervention strategies to decrease suicide risk in MDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"50 2","pages":"E126-E141"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greening the lab: fighting climate change to enhance mental health.","authors":"Paul R Albert, Marie Marotel, Carole Doré, Rebecca C Auer","doi":"10.1503/jpn.250040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.250040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"50 2","pages":"E142-E144"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of topiramate in the treatment of behavioural disorders in Prader-Willi syndrome.","authors":"Cécile Louveau, Mylène Moyal, Adrien Legrand, Christine Poitou, Marie-Odile Krebs, Anton Iftimovici, Boris Chaumette","doi":"10.1503/jpn.240107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.240107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"50 2","pages":"E145-E146"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12029298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}