Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Dr. Francis Wayne Quan Memorial Prize 2022.","authors":"","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.230050","url":null,"abstract":". In a well-powered study, Steinman and colleagues showed a blunted neural fMRI response to loss, but not reward, in de-pressed individuals with anhedonia, possibly defining a sub-phenotype of depression. These changes may be linked with reduced motivation or apathy in patients that contributes to severe anhedonia. This study provides novel mechanistic insights into neural mechanisms underlying anhedonia in individuals with major depressive disorder","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 2","pages":"E116"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/27/21/48-2-E116.PMC10095243.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9301094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chaos analysis of the cortical boundary for the recognition of psychosis.","authors":"Alexandra I Korda, Christina Andreou, Mihai Avram, Marina Frisman, Mariya Aliqadri, Anita Riecher-Rössler, Heinz Handels, Thomas Martinetz, Stefan Borgwardt","doi":"10.1503/jpn.220160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.220160","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Structural MRI studies in people with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and those in the clinical high-risk (CHR) state have consistently shown volumetric abnormalities that depict changes in the structural complexity of the cortical boundary. The aim of the present study was to employ chaos analysis in the identification of people with psychosis based on the structural complexity of the cortical boundary and subcortical areas. Methods: We performed chaos analysis of the grey matter distribution on structural MRIs. First, the outer boundary points for each slice in the axial, coronal and sagittal view were calculated for grey matter maps. Next, the distance of each boundary point from the centre of mass in the grey matter was calculated and stored as spatial series, which was further analyzed by extracting the Largest Lyapunov Exponent (lambda [λ]), a feature depicting the structural complexity of the cortical boundary. Results: Structural MRIs were acquired from 77 FEP, 73 CHR and 44 healthy controls. We compared λ brain maps between groups, which resulted in statistically significant differences in all comparisons. By matching the λ values extracted in axial view with the Morlet wavelet, differences on the surface relief are observed between groups. Limitations: Parameters were selected after experimentation on the examined sample. Investigation of the effectiveness of the method in a larger data set is needed. Conclusion: The proposed framework using spatial series verifies diagnosis-relevant features and may contribute to the identification of structural biomarkers for psychosis.","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 2","pages":"E135-E142"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7f/02/48-2-E135.PMC10139064.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9628209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential neural processing of value during decision-making in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and healthy controls.","authors":"Chun-Yi Lee,&nbsp;Joshua Oon Soo Goh,&nbsp;Susan Shur-Fen Gau","doi":"10.1503/jpn.220123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.220123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Risk-taking behaviours are observed among adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We sought to evaluate altered neural processing of stimuli values associated with risk-taking decision behaviour, distinct from learning requirements, among adults with ADHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Overall, 32 adults with ADHD and 32 healthy controls without ADHD underwent a lottery choice task in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment. Participants accepted or rejected stakes with explicit information about variable probabilities of winning or losing points at different magnitudes. Outcomes were independent across trials, circumventing reward learning. Data analysis explored group differences in neurobehavioural responses to stimuli values during choice decision-making processing and outcome feedback.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with healthy controls, adults with ADHD had slower response times and tended to accept more stakes with a middle-to-low probability of winning. Adults with ADHD had evidence of lower dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activity and reduced sensitivity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) region of interest in response to linear changes in probability, compared with healthy controls. Lower DLPFC responses were associated with lower VMPFC probability sensitivity and greater risk-taking among healthy controls but not adults with ADHD. Compared with health controls, adults with ADHD showed higher responses to loss outcomes in the putamen and hippocampus.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Assessments of real-life decision behaviours are required to further validate the experimental findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings explore tonic and phasic neural processing of value-related information that modulates risk-taking behaviours among adults with ADHD. Dysregulated neural computation of the values of behavioural actions and outcomes in the frontostriatal circuits may underlie decision processing distinct from reward learning differences among adults with ADHD.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>NCT02642068.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 2","pages":"E115-E124"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6e/76/48-2-E115.PMC10065803.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9233298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering the link between synaptic density and mental illness through in vivo imaging.","authors":"Kelly Smart,&nbsp;Isabelle Boileau","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.230033","url":null,"abstract":"The in vivo study of synaptic density (the indirect estimated sum of presynaptic active zones and postsynaptic densities in brain tissue) through positron emission tomography (PET) is a rapidly growing field of research that has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of mental illness and of neurodevelopmental conditions. The idea that the brain’s synaptic wiring, neural function and behaviour are closely linked is not a new one, but advances in neuroimaging techniques have only recently made it possible to collect direct empirical data linking the status of brain synapses (synaptic density) with neural function, behaviour and disease in living humans. Forty-five years ago, Irwin Feinberg suggested that excessive synaptic pruning during adolescence could lead to severe mental illness. Unequivocal evidence to support this theory in living humans is still lacking. The overall objective of this editorial is to present our stance on the value of measuring synaptic density in vivo using PET to better understand the development of mental illness. We argue that this novel approach might be more translationally and conceptually useful than related techniques using MRI because it is likely more proximal to function. As such, it could generate an unprecedented level of comprehension on synaptic organ ization and pruning and its role in the development of mental illness. We first provide an overview of the keystone neuroscience concepts of synaptic communication and of synaptic pruning; we discuss the popular, though still unproven, theory that abnormal (excessive) synaptic pruning during brain development potentially leads to mental illness. We then provide our perspective on the utility of PET imaging of synaptic density and consider pitfalls and hurdles ahead in translating findings in a clinically meaningful way.","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 2","pages":"E143-E148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fd/97/48-2-E143.PMC10139056.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9628212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of specific striatal subregion contributes to executive deficits in Alzheimer disease.","authors":"Li Liu,&nbsp;Shaozhen Yan,&nbsp;Min Chu,&nbsp;Binbin Nie,&nbsp;Kexin Xie,&nbsp;Yue Cui,&nbsp;Deming Jiang,&nbsp;Zhongyun Chen,&nbsp;Haitian Nan,&nbsp;Pedro Rosa-Neto,&nbsp;Jie Lu,&nbsp;Liyong Wu","doi":"10.1503/jpn.220164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.220164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is growing evidence that the striatum plays a central role in cognitive dysfunction. However, it remains unclear whether and how the striatum contributes specifically to executive deficits in Alzheimer disease (AD). We sought to elucidate aberrations in the striatal subregion associated with executive function and its metabolic connectivity with the cortical regions to investigate its role in the pathogenesis of executive deficits in patients with AD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with AD and healthy controls underwent a neuropsychological assessment battery, including assessment of executive function, and a hybrid positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) scan. We performed voxel-wise analyses of cerebral metabolism between patients and controls, focusing on the executive subregion of the striatum according to the Oxford-GSK-Imanova Striatal Connectivity Atlas. We assessed the correlation between the [¹⁸F]-fluorodeoxyglucose standardized uptake value ratio of the striatal executive subregion and clinical variables, and we analyzed seed-based metabolic connectivity of the striatal executive subregion with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) using [¹⁸F]-fluorodeoxyglucose PET.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 50 patients with AD and 33 controls in our analyses. The patterns of striatal hypometabolism in patients with AD were specific to executive and caudal motor subregions. Metabolic activity in the executive subregion of the striatum correlated negatively with the severity of executive dysfunction, as measured with the Trial-Making Test (TMT) part B and the difference score TMT B-A, and correlated positively with Digit Span (backward) and Verbal Fluency Test scales, particularly on the left side. Compared with controls, patients with AD showed reduced metabolic connectivity between striatal executive subregions and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Our study was limited by small sample sizes and cross-sectional findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings show that patients with AD have impairments in the executive subregion of the striatum, and these deficits may be associated with a disconnection between the executive striatum and DLPFC, providing valuable insight into the pathogenesis of this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 2","pages":"E126-E134"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/46/2c/48-2-E126.PMC10095253.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10008966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metformin for the treatment of antipsychotic-induced metabolic disturbances in people with intellectual and developmental disabilities.","authors":"Nicolette Stogios,&nbsp;Margaret K Hahn,&nbsp;Yona Lunsky,&nbsp;Pushpal Desarkar,&nbsp;Sri Mahavir Agarwal","doi":"10.1503/jpn.220200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.220200","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 2","pages":"E99-E101"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8d/aa/48-2-E99.PMC10019321.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9203968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"We're not in Kansas anymore: ectopic dopaminergic terminals as an explanation for the positive symptoms in psychiatric pathology.","authors":"Radu Gabriel Avramescu, Cecilia Flores","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230015","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.230015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 1","pages":"E74-E77"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0a/7c/48-1-E74.PMC9949873.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9601052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specific transcriptional signatures in the medial prefrontal cortex underlying sexually dimorphic behavioural responses to stress in rats.","authors":"Ying-Dan Zhang,&nbsp;Dong-Dong Shi,&nbsp;Sen Zhang,&nbsp;Zhen Wang","doi":"10.1503/jpn.220147","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.220147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Converging evidence suggests that stress alters behavioural responses in a sex-specific manner; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of stress remain largely unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We adapted unpredictable maternal separation (UMS) and adult restraint stress (RS) paradigms to mimic stress in rats in early life or adulthood, respectively. The sexual dimorphism of the prefrontal cortex was noted, and we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify specific genes or pathways responsible for sexually dimorphic responses to stress. We then performed quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to verify the results of RNA-Seq.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Female rats exposed to either UMS or RS showed no negative effects on anxiety-like behaviours, whereas the emotional functions of the PFC were impaired markedly in stressed male rats. Leveraging differentially expressed genes (DEG) analyses, we identified sex-specific transcriptional profiles associated with stress. There were many overlapping DEGs between UMS and RS transcriptional data sets, where 1406 DEGs were associated with both biological sex and stress, while only 117 DEGs were related to stress. Notably, <i>Uba52</i> and <i>Rpl34-ps1</i> were the first-ranked hub gene in 1406 and 117 DEGs respectively, and <i>Uba52</i> was higher than <i>Rp134-ps1</i>, suggesting that stress may have led to a more pronounced effect on the set of 1406 DEGs. Pathway analysis revealed that 1406 DEGs were primarily enriched in ribosomal pathway. These results were confirmed by qRT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Sex-specific transcriptional profiles associated with stress were identified in this study, but more in-depth experiments, such as single-cell sequencing and manipulation of male and female gene networks in vivo, are needed to verify our findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings show sex-specific behavioural responses to stress and highlight sexual dimorphism at the transcriptional level, shedding light on developing sex-specific therapeutic strategies for stress-related psychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 1","pages":"E61-E73"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e9/be/48-1-E61.PMC9943549.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10846167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of short-term, high-dose probiotic supplementation on cognition, related brain functions and BDNF in patients with depression: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Else Schneider, Jessica P K Doll, Nina Schweinfurth, Cedric Kettelhack, Anna-Chiara Schaub, Gulnara Yamanbaeva, Nimmy Varghese, Laura Mählmann, Serge Brand, Anne Eckert, Stefan Borgwardt, Undine E Lang, André Schmidt","doi":"10.1503/jpn.220117","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.220117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In major depressive disorder (MDD), cognitive dysfunctions strongly contribute to functional impairments but are barely addressed in current therapies. Novel treatment strategies addressing cognitive symptoms in depression are needed. As the gut microbiota-brain axis is linked to depression and cognition, we investigated the effect of a 4-week high-dose probiotic supplementation on cognitive symptoms in depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized controlled trial included 60 patients with MDD, of whom 43 entered modified intention-to-treat analysis. A probiotic supplement or indistinguishable placebo containing maltose was administered over 31 days in addition to treatment as usual for depression. Participant scores on the Verbal Learning Memory Test (VLMT), Corsi Block Tapping Test, and both Trail Making Test versions as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were assessed at 3 different time points: before, immediately after and 4 weeks after intervention. Additionally, brain activation changes during working memory processing were investigated before and immediately after intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found a significantly improved immediate recall in the VLMT in the probiotic group immediately after intervention, and a trend for a time × group interaction considering all time points. Furthermore, we found a time × group interaction in hippocampus activation during working memory processing, revealing a remediated hippocampus function in the probiotic group. Other measures did not reveal significant changes.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The modest sample size resulting from our exclusion of low-compliant cases should be considered.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Additional probiotic supplementation enhances verbal episodic memory and affects neural mechanisms underlying impaired cognition in MDD. The present findings support the importance of the gut microbiota-brain axis in MDD and emphasize the potential of microbiota-related regimens to treat cognitive symptoms in depression.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02957591.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 1","pages":"E23-E33"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/95/df/48-1-E23.PMC9854921.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9236796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Action selection in early stages of psychosis: an active inference approach.","authors":"Franziska Knolle,&nbsp;Elisabeth Sterner,&nbsp;Michael Moutoussis,&nbsp;Rick A Adams,&nbsp;Juliet D Griffin,&nbsp;Joost Haarsma,&nbsp;Hilde Taverne,&nbsp;Ian M Goodyer,&nbsp;Paul C Fletcher,&nbsp;Graham K Murray","doi":"10.1503/jpn.220141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.220141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To interact successfully with their environment, humans need to build a model to make sense of noisy and ambiguous inputs. An inaccurate model, as suggested to be the case for people with psychosis, disturbs optimal action selection. Recent computational models, such as active inference, have emphasized the importance of action selection, treating it as a key part of the inferential process. Based on an active inference framework, we sought to evaluate previous knowledge and belief precision in an action-based task, given that alterations in these parameters have been linked to the development of psychotic symptoms. We further sought to determine whether task performance and modelling parameters would be suitable for classification of patients and controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-three individuals with an at-risk mental state, 26 patients with first-episode psychosis and 31 controls completed a probabilistic task in which action choice (go/no-go) was dissociated from outcome valence (gain or loss). We evaluated group differences in performance and active inference model parameters and performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses to assess group classification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found reduced overall performance in patients with psychosis. Active inference modelling revealed that patients showed increased forgetting, reduced confidence in policy selection and less optimal general choice behaviour, with poorer action-state associations. Importantly, ROC analysis showed fair-to-good classification performance for all groups, when combining modelling parameters and performance measures.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The sample size is moderate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Active inference modelling of this task provides further explanation for dysfunctional mechanisms underlying decision-making in psychosis and may be relevant for future research on the development of biomarkers for early identification of psychosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"48 1","pages":"E78-E89"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ed/bb/48-1-E78.PMC9949875.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10835659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}