Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Widespread reductions in cortical thickness following ketamine abuse.","authors":"Jinsong Tang, Qiuxia Wu, Chang Qi, An Xie, Jianbin Liu, Yunkai Sun, Tifei Yuan, Wei Chen, Tieqiao Liu, Wei Hao, Xu Shao, Yanhui Liao","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230111","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.230111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Esketamine is a version of ketamine that has been approved for treatment-resistant depression, but our previous studies showed a link between non-medical use of ketamine and brain structural and functional alterations, including dorsal prefrontal grey matter reduction among chronic ketamine users. In this study, we sought to determine cortical thickness abnormalities following long-term, non-medical use of ketamine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We acquired structural brain images for patients with ketamine use disorder and drug-free healthy controls. We used FreeSurfer software to measure cortical thickness for 68 brain regions. We compared cortical thickness between the 2 groups using analysis of covariance with covariates of age, gender, educational level, smoking, drinking, and whole-brain mean cortical thickness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included images from 95 patients with ketamine use disorder and 169 controls. Compared with healthy controls, patients with ketamine use disorder had widespread decreased cortical thickness, with the most extensive reductions in the frontal (including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and parietal (including the precuneus) lobes. Increased cortical thickness was not observed among ketamine users relative to comparison participants. Estimated total lifetime ketamine consumption was correlated with reductions in the right inferior parietal and the right rostral middle frontal cortical thickness.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study, but longitudinal studies are needed to further validate decreased cortical thickness after nonmedical use of ketamine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provided evidence that, compared with healthy controls, chronic ketamine users have widespread reductions in cortical thickness. Our study underscores the importance of the long-term effects of ketamine on brain structure and serves as a reference for the antidepressant use of ketamine.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"49 3","pages":"E182-E191"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11149615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141181233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on individual variability of resting-state functional connectivity in major depressive disorder.","authors":"Vinh Tan, Jonathan Downar, Sean Nestor, Fidel Vila-Rodriguez, Zafiris J Daskalakis, Daniel M Blumberger, Colin Hawco","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230135","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.230135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), but substantial heterogeneity in outcomes remains. We examined a potential mechanism of action of rTMS to normalize individual variability in resting-state functional connectivity (rs-fc) before and after a course of treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Variability in rs-fc was examined in healthy controls (baseline) and individuals with MDD (baseline and after 4-6 weeks of rTMS). Seed-based connectivity was calculated to 4 regions associated with MDD: left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), right subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), bilateral insula, and bilateral precuneus. Individual variability was quantified for each region by calculating the mean correlational distance of connectivity maps relative to the healthy controls; a higher variability score indicated a more atypical/idiosyncratic connectivity pattern.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included data from 66 healthy controls and 252 individuals with MDD in our analyses. Patients with MDD did not show significant differences in baseline variability of rs-fc compared with controls. Treatment with rTMS increased rs-fc variability from the right sgACC and precuneus, but the increased variability was not associated with clinical outcomes. Interestingly, higher baseline variability of the right sgACC was significantly associated with less clinical improvement (<i>p</i> = 0.037, uncorrected; did not survive false discovery rate correction).<b>Limitations:</b> The linear model was constructed separately for each region of interest.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This was, to our knowledge, the first study to examine individual variability of rs-fc related to rTMS in individuals with MDD. In contrast to our hypotheses, we found that rTMS increased the individual variability of rs-fc. Our results suggest that individual variability of the right sgACC and bilateral precuneus connectivity may be a potential mechanism of rTMS.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"49 3","pages":"E172-E181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11090631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140905229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disproportionate neuroanatomical effects of <i>DCC</i> haploinsufficiency in adolescence compared with adulthood: links to dopamine, connectivity, covariance, and gene expression brain maps in mice.","authors":"Daniel Hoops, Yohan Yee, Christopher Hammill, Sammi Wong, Colleen Manitt, Barry J Bedell, Lindsay Cahill, Jason P Lerch, Cecilia Flores, John G Sled","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230106","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.230106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Critical adolescent neural refinement is controlled by the DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer) protein, a receptor for the netrin-1 guidance cue. We sought to describe the effects of reduced <i>DCC</i> on neuroanatomy in the adolescent and adult mouse brain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined neuronal connectivity, structural covariance, and molecular processes in a <i>DCC</i>-haploinsufficient mouse model, compared with wild-type mice, using new, custom analytical tools designed to leverage publicly available databases from the Allen Institute.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 11 <i>DCC</i>-haploinsufficient mice and 16 wild-type littermates. Neuroanatomical effects of <i>DCC</i> haploinsufficiency were more severe in adolescence than adulthood and were largely restricted to the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system. The latter finding was consistent whether we identified the regions of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system a priori or used connectivity data from the Allen Brain Atlas to determine de novo where these dopamine axons terminated. Covariance analyses found that <i>DCC</i> haploinsufficiency disrupted the coordinated development of the brain regions that make up the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system. Gene expression maps pointed to molecular processes involving the expression of <i>DCC</i>, <i>UNC5C</i> (encoding DCC's co-receptor), and <i>NTN1</i> (encoding its ligand, netrin-1) as underlying our structural findings.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Our study involved a single sex (males) at only 2 ages.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The neuroanatomical phenotype of <i>DCC</i> haploinsufficiency described in mice parallels that observed in <i>DCC</i>-haploinsufficient humans. It is critical to understand the <i>DCC-</i>haploinsufficient mouse as a clinically relevant model system.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"49 3","pages":"E157-E171"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11068426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140871074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered effective connectivity among face-processing systems in major depressive disorder.","authors":"Fangrui Sheng, Yun Wang, Ruinan Li, Xiaoya Li, Xiongying Chen, Zhifang Zhang, Rui Liu, Ling Zhang, Yuan Zhou, Gang Wang","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230123","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.230123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neuroimaging studies have revealed abnormal functional interaction during the processing of emotional faces in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), thereby enhancing our comprehension of the pathophysiology of MDD. However, it is unclear whether there is abnormal directional interaction among face-processing systems in patients with MDD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A group of patients with MDD and a healthy control group underwent a face-matching task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Dynamic causal modelling (DCM) analysis was used to investigate effective connectivity between 7 regions in the face-processing systems. We used a Parametric Empirical Bayes model to compare effective connectivity between patients with MDD and controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 48 patients and 44 healthy controls in our analyses. Both groups showed higher accuracy and faster reaction time in the shape-matching condition than in the face-matching condition. However, no significant behavioural or brain activation differences were found between the groups. Using DCM, we found that, compared with controls, patients with MDD showed decreased self-connection in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), amygdala, and fusiform face area (FFA) across task conditions; increased intrinsic connectivity from the right amygdala to the bilateral DLPFC, right FFA, and left amygdala, suggesting an increased intrinsic connectivity centred in the amygdala in the right side of the face-processing systems; both increased and decreased positive intrinsic connectivity in the left side of the face-processing systems; and comparable task modulation effect on connectivity.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Our study did not include longitudinal neuroimaging data, and there was limited region of interest selection in the DCM analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings provide evidence for a complex pattern of alterations in the face-processing systems in patients with MDD, potentially involving the right amygdala to a greater extent. The results confirm some previous findings and highlight the crucial role of the regions on both sides of face-processing systems in the pathophysiology of MDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"49 3","pages":"E145-E156"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11068425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140869346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroimaging alterations and relapse in early-stage psychosis.","authors":"Marina Mihaljevic, Anisha Nagpal, Semra Etyemez, Zui Narita, Anna Ross, Rebecca Schaub, Nicola G Cascella, Jennifer M Coughlin, Gerald Nestadt, Frederik C Nucifora, Thomas W Sedlak, Vince D Calhoun, Andreia V Faria, Kun Yang, Akira Sawa","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230115","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.230115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent reports have indicated that symptom exacerbation after a period of improvement, referred to as relapse, in early-stage psychosis could result in brain changes and poor disease outcomes. We hypothesized that substantial neuroimaging alterations may exist among patients who experience relapse in early-stage psychosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We studied patients with psychosis within 2 years after the first psychotic event and healthy controls. We divided patients into 2 groups, namely those who did not experience relapse between disease onset and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan (no-relapse group) and those who did experience relapse between these 2 timings (relapse group). We analyzed 3003 functional connectivity estimates between 78 regions of interest (ROIs) derived from resting-state functional MRI data by adjusting for demographic and clinical confounding factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We studied 85 patients, incuding 54 in the relapse group and 31 in the no-relapse group, along with 94 healthy controls. We observed significant differences in 47 functional connectivity estimates between the relapse and control groups after multiple comparison corrections, whereas no differences were found between the no-relapse and control groups. Most of these pathological signatures (64%) involved the thalamus. The Jonckheere-Terpstra test indicated that all 47 functional connectivity changes had a significant cross-group progression from controls to patients in the no-relapse group to patients in the relapse group.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Longitudinal studies are needed to further validate the involvement and pathological importance of the thalamus in relapse.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We observed pathological differences in neuronal connectivity associated with relapse in early-stage psychosis, which are more specifically associated with the thalamus. Our study implies the importance of considering neurobiological mechanisms associated with relapse in the trajectory of psychotic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"49 2","pages":"E135-E142"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10980532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140870837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder through induced pluripotent stem cell models.","authors":"Andrea Perrottelli, Francesco Flavio Marzocchi, Edoardo Caporusso, Giulia Maria Giordano, Luigi Giuliani, Antonio Melillo, Pasquale Pezzella, Paola Bucci, Armida Mucci, Silvana Galderisi","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230112","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.230112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder involves a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors that begins in the early stages of neurodevelopment. Recent advancements in the field of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer a promising tool for understanding the neurobiological alterations involved in these disorders and, potentially, for developing new treatment options. In this review, we summarize the results of iPSC-based research on schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, showing disturbances in neurodevelopmental processes, imbalance in glutamatergic-GABAergic transmission and neuromorphological alterations. The limitations of the reviewed literature are also highlighted, particularly the methodological heterogeneity of the studies, the limited number of studies developing iPSC models of both diseases simultaneously, and the lack of in-depth clinical characterization of the included samples. Further studies are needed to advance knowledge on the common and disease-specific pathophysiological features of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and to promote the development of new treatment options.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"49 2","pages":"E109-E125"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10950363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140137419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracranial self-stimulation reverses impaired spatial learning and regulates serum microRNA levels in a streptozotocin-induced rat model of Alzheimer disease.","authors":"Andrea Riberas-Sánchez, Irene Puig-Parnau, Laia Vila-Solés, Soleil Garcia-Brito, Laura Aldavert-Vera, Pilar Segura-Torres, Gemma Huguet, Elisabet Kádár","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230066","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.230066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The assessment of deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a therapeutic alternative for treating Alzheimer disease (AD) is ongoing. We aimed to determine the effects of intracranial self-stimulation at the medial forebrain bundle (MFB-ICSS) on spatial memory, neurodegeneration, and serum expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in a rat model of sporadic AD created by injection of streptozotocin. We hypothesized that MFB-ICSS would reverse the behavioural effects of streptozotocin and modulate hippocampal neuronal density and serum levels of the miRNAs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed Morris water maze and light-dark transition tests. Levels of various proteins, specifically amyloid-β precurser protein (APP), phosphorylated tau protein (pTAU), and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and neurodegeneration were analyzed by Western blot and Nissl staining, respectively. Serum miRNA expression was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Male rats that received streptozotocin had increased hippocampal levels of pTAU S202/T205, APP, and SIRT1 proteins; increased neurodegeneration in the CA1, dentate gyrus (DG), and dorsal tenia tecta; and worse performance in the Morris water maze task. No differences were observed in miRNAs, except for miR-181c and miR-let-7b. After MFB-ICSS, neuronal density in the CA1 and DG regions and levels of miR-181c in streptozotocin-treated and control rats were similar. Rats that received streptozotocin and underwent MFB-ICSS also showed lower levels of miR-let-7b and better spatial learning than rats that received streptozotocin without MFB-ICSS.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The reversal by MFB-ICSS of deficits induced by streptozotocin was fairly modest.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Spatial memory performance, hippocampal neurodegeneration, and serum levels of miR-let-7b and miR-181c were affected by MFB-ICSS under AD-like conditions. Our results validate the MFB as a potential target for DBS and lend support to the use of specific miRNAs as promising biomarkers of the effectiveness of DBS in combatting AD-associated cognitive deficits.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"49 2","pages":"E96-E108"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10950362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140137420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigated and individual α-peak-frequency-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation in male patients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia.","authors":"Heli Tuppurainen, Sara Määttä, Mervi Könönen, Petro Julkunen, Hannu Kautiainen, Soile Hyvärinen, Olli Vaurio, Mikko Joensuu, Matti Vanhanen, Kati Aho-Mustonen, Esa Mervaala, Jari Tiihonen","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230063","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.230063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous electroencephalography (EEG) studies have indicated altered brain oscillatory α-band activity in schizophrenia, and treatment with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) using individualized α-frequency has shown therapeutic effects. Magnetic resonance imaging-based neuronavigation methods allow stimulation of a specific cortical region and improve targeting of rTMS; therefore, we sought to study the efficacy of navigated, individual α-peak-frequency-guided rTMS (αTMS) on treatment-refractory schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited medication-refractory male patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in this doubleblind, sham-controlled study. We randomized patients to a 3-week course of either active αTMS or sham stimulation applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). We assessed participants with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) at baseline and after treatment. We conducted a follow-up assessment with the PANSS 3 months after intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 44 patients. After treatment, we observed a significantly higher PANSS total score (<i>p</i> = 0.029), PANSS general psychopathology score (<i>p</i> = 0.027) and PANSS 5-factor model cognitive-disorganized factor score (<i>p</i> = 0.011) in the αTMS group than the sham group. In addition, the CGI-Improvement score was significantly higher among those who received αTMS compared with sham stimulation (<i>p</i> = 0.048).</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The limited number of study participants included only male patients. Depression was not formally evaluated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Navigated αTMS to the left DLPFC reduced total, general psychopathological, and cognitive-disorganized symptoms of schizophrenia. These results provide evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of individual α-peak-frequency-guided rTMS in treatment-refractory schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>NCT01941251; ClinicalTrials.gov.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"49 2","pages":"E87-E95"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10914400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140013597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons from studies of medication reduction in psychosis: giving participants accurate information about risk in psychiatric research trials.","authors":"David Foreman","doi":"10.1503/jpn.230137","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.230137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>All research needs ethical regulation, which is institutionalized in research ethics committees. The patient information sheet, approved by a research ethics committee, sets out what patients need to know to make an informed choice about research participation. However, guidance from research ethics committees is much less explicit about risk communication. In this commentary, the balance of risk in the patient information sheets from protocols of 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of medication reduction in psychosis was compared with numbers needed to treat and harm from the literature. The patient information sheet omitted risk of excess death and incomplete recovery following relapse, and overestimated the anticipated benefits. All of these risks were demonstrated in the published results of 1 of the 2 RCTs. Quantifying and tabulating risk might improve patient information sheets.</p>","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"49 2","pages":"E81-E86"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10911823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140013596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ending the overdose epidemic by ending the war on drug users: Can this work?","authors":"Marco Leyton, R Michael Krausz","doi":"10.1503/jpn.240003","DOIUrl":"10.1503/jpn.240003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50073,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience","volume":"49 1","pages":"E77-E80"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10890790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}