Journal of Research in Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Microenvironment of diabetic foot ulcers: Implications for healing and therapeutic strategies.","authors":"Jixue Wang, Xirui Yang, Tao Zhou, Haitao Ma, Xingxing Yuan, Shuxun Yan, Siqi Wang","doi":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_573_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrms.jrms_573_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a common yet serious complication in individuals with diabetes, often presenting as chronic, nonhealing wounds that significantly impair quality of life. The healing process of DFUs is largely influenced by the local microenvironment, which encompasses factors such as hypoxia, inflammation, and the involvement of various cell types. Poor blood circulation in the affected area results in hypoxia, compromising cellular function and restricting nutrient supply, thereby delaying wound healing. In addition, chronic inflammation disrupts immune system balance, with excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines not only failing to facilitate tissue repair but also exacerbating tissue damage. Moreover, key cell types, including fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and macrophages, play crucial roles at different stages of the healing process, contributing to collagen production and skin regeneration. A comprehensive understanding of the complex dynamics within the DFU microenvironment is essential for developing more precise therapeutic approaches, such as advanced drug delivery systems and bioactive materials, aimed at promoting wound healing and reducing the risk of recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":50062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"30 ","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12039865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144051442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccination versus natural infection: A review of antibody differentiation techniques.","authors":"Vaishnavi H Mishra, Pratham Gupta, Nandkishor J Bankar, Obaid Noman","doi":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_550_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrms.jrms_550_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The production of specific antibodies occurs in response to pathogens, whether encountered naturally or introduced through vaccination, serving as markers of immunity. As novel vaccines are developed and deployed, especially in response to emerging infectious diseases, the ability to distinguish between vaccine-induced and infection-induced antibodies becomes increasingly important. Vaccines are designed to mimic this natural infection process without causing the disease itself. Serological assays are critical tools in immunology, enabling researchers and clinicians to differentiate between antibodies produced by vaccination and those generated by natural infection. By understanding whether an individual's antibodies are the result of previous infection or vaccination, healthcare providers can modify booster recommendations more effectively. It also plays an important role in identifying people with hybrid immunity and in assessing the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns.</p>","PeriodicalId":50062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"30 ","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12039864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"C-reactive protein and digestive pathologies: A narrative review for daily clinical use.","authors":"Reza Kianmanesh, Koceila Lamine Amroun, Rami Rhaiem, Amir Hossein Davarpanah Jazi, Hashem Moazenzadeh, Linda Rached, Perrine Zimmermann, Adrien Durame, Yohann Renard, Ambroise Ravenet, Olivier Bouche, Sophie Deguelte","doi":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_537_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_537_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this narrative review is to familiarize clinicians, especially digestive surgeons, to adequately use of serum C-reactive protein as a reliable noninvasive biomarker in diverse practical clinical situations. We hope that the review will help clinicians for their decision-making when facing various digestive diseases including operative and nonoperative pathologies such as anastomotic leakage, pancreatitis, emergency situation, and digestive cancer management and prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"30 ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment-resistant inflammatory demyelinating pseudotumor with Marburg-like features: A narrative review-based treatment approach.","authors":"Mohammad Amin Najafi, Shakiba Houshi, Payam Riahi, Salar Nasr, Mohammad Reza Najafi","doi":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_477_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_477_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory demyelinating pseudotumor (IDP) mimics intracranial neoplasms in terms of both clinical presentation and imaging features. IDP with Marburg-like features represents a severe form of inflammatory demyelinating encephalomyelitis, marked by a dramatic onset, aggressive course, absence of remission, and the presence of tumor-like central nervous system demyelinating lesions. Key features of IDP in brain magnetic resonance imaging include open or incomplete ring enhancement, low T2 rim, peripheral diffusion restriction, absent or mild mass effect, and perilesional edema. In brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), elevated glutamate, choline, and lactate peaks are observed; however, brain MRS findings can be nonspecific and nondifferentiating. Pathologic findings show prominent perivascular lymphoid infiltrates consisting predominantly of leukocyte common antigen (LCA)+ and PAX5+ B lymphocytes in immunohistochemistry staining, parenchymal and perivascular macrophages (CD68+), some with visible myelin globules on Luxol Fast Blue staining, preferential loss of myelin with relative axonal preservation and the formation of axonal spheroids (swellings), reactive astrocytosis (GFAP+ and ATRX-), and remyelination with thinner myelin sheaths than background axons at the periphery of the plaque. A review of previous case reports revealed that prompt aggressive immunosuppression therapy in the IDP with Marburg-like features may lead to a favorable response. Initiating treatment with a cycle of high-dose corticosteroids followed by rescue immunosuppressive therapy using cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, rituximab, or alemtuzumab demonstrated positive outcomes. In addition, maintenance immunosuppressive therapy with B-cell-depleting agents, such as rituximab and ocrelizumab, showed potential for controlling disease activity and improving long-term prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"30 ","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of survival outcomes in preemptive versus non-preemptive kidney transplant recipients.","authors":"Firouzeh Moeinzadeh, Shahrzad Shahidi, Raheleh Heidari, Mojgan Mortazavi, Marjan Mansourian, Bahareh Botlani Yadegar","doi":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_122_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_122_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are conflicting results regarding survival in preemptive versus non-preemptive kidney transplant recipients. The present study aimed to estimate the risk of death in preemptive versus non-preemptive kidney transplant recipients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In the present retrospective cohort study, all end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who underwent kidney transplantation between 1996 and 2021 in referral kidney transplantation centers in Isfahan province were investigated. In total, 499 patients who received dialysis before kidney transplantation (non-preemptive) and 168 patients who received no dialysis before kidney transplantation (preemptive) were included in the final analysis. Data regarding demographic and clinical variables including sex, age, body mass index (BMI), follow-up duration, immunosuppressive regimen change, kidney donor type, underlying causes of ESRD, and comorbidities before and after kidney transplantation were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 55.47 ± 15.53 years in preemptive and 54.87 ± 14.69 years in non-preemptive patients (<i>P</i> = 0.65). Mortality rates were 24.44/1000 person-years of follow-up for preemptive and 18.25/1000 person-years of follow-up for non-preemptive patients (<i>P</i> = 0.013). In the crude model of Cox regression analysis, preemptive kidney transplant recipients had a significantly higher risk of mortality compared to non-preemptive kidney transplant recipients (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-2.33; <i>P</i> = 0.015). However, the association attenuated and became insignificant after adjustment for confounders, including age, BMI, immunosuppressive regimen change, kidney donor type, and comorbidities (HR = 1.35; 95% CI: 0.92-1.99; <i>P</i> = 0.12).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of the present study indicated that there is no independent association between preemptive kidney transplantation and increased risk of mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":50062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"30 ","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerobic exercise training for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: What is the best regimen to increase heart rate variability?","authors":"Mohsen Abedi, Seyed Bashir Mirtajani, Shahryar Rajai Firouzabadi, Reyhaneh Zahiri, Maryam Sadat Mirenayat","doi":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_197_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_197_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"30 ","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of psychometric properties of Persian version of Body Compassion Scale: Validation with clinical and nonclinical samples.","authors":"Sajad Khanjani, Ali-Akbar Foroughi, Ali Akbar Parvizifard, Mahboobeh Soleymani Moghadam, Moslem Rajabi, Parya Mojtahedzadeh, Jennifer Altman","doi":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_520_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_520_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Body compassion combines the concepts of body image and compassion for oneself. This concept includes the three components of defusion, common humanity, and acceptance. Due to the importance of this concept, this study was conducted to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Body Compassion Scale (BCS) in clinical and nonclinical samples.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This research is of correlational type in the field of psychometrics. The statistical population of the clinical sample included patients referred to cosmetic surgery clinics in Tehran in 2019-2020. Accordingly, 379 people were selected using the convenience sampling. They completed the BCS, Body Image Shame Scale, The Levels of Self-Criticism, Appearance Anxiety Inventory, and Body Image Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. The statistical population in the nonclinical sample includes people present in public places (such as public parks and cinemas) and universities in Kermanshah in 2020-2019. Ultimately, 367 people were selected using the convenience sampling method. Participants completed the BCS, External Shame Scale, Self-Compassion Scale, and Body Imaging Psychological Inflexibility Scale. Data were analyzed using LISREL 8.80 and SPSS 24 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the three-factor structure of the BCS in both clinical and nonclinical samples has a good fit. Reliability was appropriate by calculating Cronbach's alpha and the test-retest of scale in clinical and nonclinical samples. Convergent and divergent validity of the scale was also good in both clinical and nonclinical samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results showed that the Persian version of the BCS has good psychometric properties in both clinical and nonclinical samples. Therefore, this scale can be a valuable instrument in clinical and research work in the Iranian society.</p>","PeriodicalId":50062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"30 ","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macular vessel density in patients with refractory diabetic macular edema in different stages of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.","authors":"Ali Salehi, Mohammad Malekahmadi, Heshmatolah Ghanbari, Mahya Ghazi","doi":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_656_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_656_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Macular vessel density can play a significant role in the prognosis of diabetic macular edema (DME). The aims of this study were to investigate macular vessel density using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with refractory DME across different stages of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and explore its relationship with clinical parameters.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This was a cross sectional descriptive analytical study. Diabetic patients diagnosed with NPDR and refractory DME were included. OCTA imaging was performed to quantify vessel densities. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ), central macular thickness (CMT), and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were also measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty nine eyes from 89 patients, including 53 males (59.6%), with a mean age of 60.17 ± 9.95 years were enrolled. The results revealed no significant differences in vessel densities and FAZ between different DR severity groups (P > 0.05). In addition, no significant correlations were observed between vessel density and CMT or most clinical variables, except for a negative correlation between deep capillary plexus (DCP) vessel density in the foveal region and BCVA (r = -0.246, P = 0.019).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with refractory DME, foveal DCP density was negatively correlated with visual acuity, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for visual prognosis and follow up of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":50062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"30 ","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of phage therapy in acute gastroenteritis.","authors":"Somaieh Sabzali, Setareh Pazhouhnia, Kiana Shahzamani, Peyman Adibi Sedeh","doi":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_464_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_464_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut ecosystem, comprising the gut microbiota and its interactions, plays a crucial role in human health and disease. This complex ecosystem involves a diverse array of microorganisms such as viruses, fungi, and bacteria, collectively known as the gut microbiota. These microorganisms contribute to various functions, including nutrient metabolism and immune modulation, thereby impacting human health. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the gut microbiota, has been associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases, ranging from intestinal disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease to extra-intestinal conditions such as metabolic and neurological disorders. The implications of dysbiosis in the gut ecosystem are far-reaching, affecting not only gastrointestinal health but also contributing to the development and progression of conditions such as autoimmune gastritis and gastric cancer. Furthermore, the burden of antimicrobial use and subsequent side effects, including antibiotic resistance, poses additional challenges in managing gastrointestinal diseases. In light of these complexities, investigating the role of bacteriophages as regulators of the gut ecosystem and their potential clinical applications presents a promising opportunity to tackle antibiotic resistance and fight infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":50062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"30 ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing stone expulsion: The efficacy of combined medical therapy with tamsulosin and dexamethasone in renal colic patients.","authors":"Reza Kazemi, Mohammad Shahrashoub, Amir Javid, Narjes Saberi, Pouria Ghasemi, Saina Paymannejad","doi":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_258_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_258_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ureteral stones are a common aspect of daily urologic practice, affecting 10%-15% of people worldwide over their lifetime. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of combined medical expulsive therapy (MET) with intravenous dexamethasone and oral tamsulosin compared to tamsulosin alone in the frequency and duration of distal ureteral stone expulsion.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial with 1:1 balanced randomization was conducted from September 2022 to March 2023 at Al-Zahra Hospital, a tertiary care facility affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Of 213 patients admitted to our center with acute renal colic, 134 had distal ureteral stones and were assessed. Among them, 105 patients were eligible and included in the trial and were randomly assigned into the intervention group (<i>n</i> = 52) and control group (<i>n</i> = 53). Data from four patients in the case group were omitted from the analysis due to the drop-out from the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean initial stone size was 6.5 ± 1.2 mm in the intervention, and 6.3 ± 1.0 mm in the control groups, which was not statistically significant (<i>P</i> = 0.488). Gender was comparable between both groups (<i>P</i> = 0.196), whereas the distribution of BMI (27.2 ± 4.0 vs. 29.8 ± 3.9 kg/m², <i>P</i> = 0.001) and age (41.5 ± 12.9 vs. 47.9 ± 16.2 years, <i>P</i> = 0.031) was not in balance. In total, 43 patients had expelled the stone by the end of the 2 weeks, resulting in an overall expulsion rate of 42.5%. Specifically, 28 (58.3%) patients in the intervention group and 15 (28.3%) patients in the control group had expelled the stone, a difference that was statistically significant (<i>P</i> = 0.002). The time to stone expulsion did not exhibit a significant difference between the intervention and control groups (9.8 vs. 5.4 days, respectively). However, it is noteworthy that the variability in the time to stone expulsion in the tamsulosin + dexamethasone group was considerably smaller than that in the control group, as indicated by the smaller standard deviation in the former (1.0 vs. 3.8 days, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adding dexamethasone to standard MET with tamsulosin for distal ureterolithiasis appears to increase the stone expulsion rate, although it did not significantly shorten the expulsion time.</p>","PeriodicalId":50062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"30 ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}