Journal of Research in Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Fibrosis-4 Index, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score, and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index as noninvasive indicators of fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.","authors":"Mingxi Chen, Chang Guo, Ke Ouyang, Na Liu","doi":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_1084_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_1084_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple noninvasive scoring models have been internationally established and verified for assessing the risk of liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. This study aimed to assess the performance of Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) Index, NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) in individuals with NAFLD.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective chart audit of 211 patients with histologically confirmed NAFLD, focusing on clinical presentation, laboratory parameters, and hepatic histology. Liver fibrosis was graded using the Scheuer classification system. The diagnostic accuracy of the noninvasive tests was evaluated, and revised fibrosis score thresholds. These cohort-derived thresholds may help inform local risk stratification in patients with NAFLD, but external validation is required before clinical use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the cohort, fibrosis was staged as follows: 5.7% showed no fibrosis (F0), 56.9% had mild portal expansion (F1), 21.8% exhibited periportal septa (F2), 10.9% displayed architectural distortion without cirrhosis (F3), and 4.7% presented with definite cirrhosis (F4). After threshold optimization, the FIB-4 and NFS models reached the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCs) of 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.743-0.867) and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.728-0.852) for identifying significant fibrosis, surpassing the 0.70 (95% CI: 0.629-0.773) recorded for APRI. Significant differences in the AUROCs were observed among the three scores. Similarly, for advanced fibrosis, FIB-4 (AUROC: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.869-0.951) and NFS (AUROC: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.851-0.948) significantly outperformed APRI (AUROC: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.672-0.837; both <i>P</i> < 0.05). However, the AUROCs of the three scores were not significantly different in cirrhosis. For fibrosis exclusion, the optimal cutoffs we derived from FIB-4, NFS, and APRI were all lower than the conventional cutoffs while maintaining similar diagnostic accuracy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Modification of the threshold values for FIB-4, NFS, and APRI may enhance the diagnostic performance in patients with NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":50062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"31 ","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asperginase-based chemotherapy regimen for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A cohort study with promising outcomes on adults.","authors":"Padideh Oghab, Masoomeh Bakhshi, Mohadese Pourpoune, Narges Motamedi","doi":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_748_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_748_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignancy of lymphoid progenitor cells. Asparaginase-based regimens are highly effective in pediatric ALL, but concerns over toxicity have limited their use in adults. This study evaluates the incidence of adverse events following asparaginase treatment in the adult ALL population.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this retrospective cohort study, we assessed drug-related adverse events among 67 adults with ALL treated with either a hyper-central vascular access device (CVAD) (<i>n</i> = 34) or an asparaginase-containing regimen (<i>n</i> = 33). Those under asparaginase-containing treatment were evaluated solely and divided into two groups of pegylated asparaginase (PEG-asparaginase) (<i>n</i> = 21) and L-asparaginase (<i>n</i> = 12). We compared the incidence of hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, hypersensitivity, neurological disorders, and thrombotic events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age-adjusted analysis showed the risk of thrombosis was significantly higher in the asparaginase group compared to hyper-CVAD (odds ratio [OR] = 17.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.69-2512, <i>P</i> = 0.012). In contrast, risks of fungal infection (OR = 0.081, 95% CI: 0.0006-0.83, <i>P</i> = 0.032) and neutropenic fever (OR = 0.0006, 95% CI: 2.8e-17-0.010, <i>P</i> < 0.0001) were significantly lower. A sub-analysis revealed the elevated thrombosis risk was specific to PEG-asparaginase versus hyper-CVAD (OR = 47.05, 95% CI: 3.83-6905, <i>P</i> = 0.001), not L-asparaginase (<i>P</i> = 0.55). Neutropenic fever risk was lower for both L-asparaginase (OR = 0.0015, <i>P</i> < 0.0001) and PEG-asparaginase (OR = 0.0011, <i>P</i> < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Asparaginase use in adults with ALL was associated with fewer overall adverse events, specifically lower infection risks, compared to hyper-CVAD. However, it significantly increased the risk of thrombosis, an effect driven primarily by the PEG-asparaginase formulation. While L-asparaginase appeared more favorable, the small sample size limits generalizability. These findings indicate that asparaginase remains a viable option for adults, but requires vigilant monitoring and prophylaxis for thrombotic events.</p>","PeriodicalId":50062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"31 ","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of synbiotic versus omega-3 supplementation on total antioxidant capacity in adolescents exposed to ambient air pollution: A randomized double-blind controlled trial.","authors":"Motahar Heidari-Beni, Golnoosh Shahverdi, Maryam Zarean, Azimeh Maghzi Najafabadi, Maryam Yazdi, Parinaz Poursafa, Roya Kelishadi","doi":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_753_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_753_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Air pollution promotes oxidative stress and may impair antioxidant defense. Synbiotics and omega-3 fatty acids have been suggested to improve antioxidant status; however, comparative evidence in adolescents exposed to air pollution remains limited. This study compared the effects of synbiotic and omega-3 supplementation on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in healthy adolescents living in polluted environments.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This randomized, double-blind, active-controlled clinical trial was conducted in Isfahan, Iran, among 70 healthy adolescents aged 10-18 years exposed to ambient air pollution. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either synbiotic supplementation (<i>n</i> = 38) or omega-3 fatty acids (<i>n</i> = 32) for 8 weeks. Serum TAC was measured at baseline and postintervention. Data were analyzed using paired <i>t</i>-tests, independent <i>t</i>-tests, and analysis of covariance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TAC increased significantly following the 8-week intervention in both the synbiotic group (839.78 ± 133.80-903.37 ± 111.90 µmol/L, <i>P</i> = 0.005) and the omega-3 group (898.63 ± 86.45-953.28 ± 100.42 µmol/L, <i>P</i> = 0.004). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups after the intervention (<i>P</i> = 0.75).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both synbiotic and omega-3 supplementation were associated with significant improvements in TAC among adolescents exposed to ambient air pollution. However, no significant difference was observed between the two interventions, suggesting that synbiotic supplementation was not superior to omega-3 in enhancing antioxidant capacity under the conditions of this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":50062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"31 ","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of different artificial intelligence-based coronary artery calcium scoring algorithms in nongated chest computed tomography.","authors":"Ting Li, Xiaodie Xu, Keqing Hu, Kun Li, Xiao Sun, Guohai Su, Peiji Song","doi":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_1200_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_1200_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To compare the accuracy of coronary artery calcium scores (CACSs) automatically measured by two artificial intelligence (AI) systems on nonelectrocardiogram (ECG)-gated chest computed tomography (CT) and to investigate the relationship between CACS and the degree of coronary artery stenosis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted on 182 patients who underwent both ECG-gated Coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) and non-ECG-gated chest CT. Images from all patients were processed using postprocessing software and two AI systems (Software A/B). The manually measured CACS by experienced physicians using ECG-gated Coronary CTA was used as the gold standard. The agreement between two AI systems and the gold standard was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis. In addition, Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between CACS and the degree of coronary artery stenosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both AI systems demonstrated high ICCs for CACS measurement (0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.871-0.926 for Software A; 0.96, 95% CI: 0.943-0.968 for Software B). The mean differences (95% limits of agreement) were 23.59 ± 442.35 for Software A and -80.35 ± 292.99 for Software B. Both systems showed good agreement in CACS measurement, with Software B exhibiting higher accuracy than Software A. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed weak-to-moderate positive correlations between CACS measured by different methods and the degree of coronary artery stenosis (<i>r</i> = 0.151-0.560, <i>P</i> < 0.05) across all coronary branches.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The two AI-based CACS systems, when applied to nongated chest CT, demonstrated consistency with manually measured CACS from ECG-gated coronary CTA. Software B showed superior accuracy compared to Software A. The correlation between CACS and the degree of vascular stenosis is influenced by vascular remodeling patterns, with positive remodeling reducing its consistency. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of vascular stenosis should integrate vascular remodeling patterns and other diagnostic indicators.</p>","PeriodicalId":50062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"31 ","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of body roundness index with incidence of chronic kidney disease: A prospective cohort study in China.","authors":"Shaohui Wang, Yifen Lin","doi":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_1013_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_1013_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Visceral adiposity drives chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, but conventional anthropometric indices inadequately capture its risk. We aimed to evaluate the Body Roundness Index (BRI), a geometric measure of central adiposity, as a predictor of incident CKD in Asian populations, where evidence remains scarce.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this prospective analysis of 480,422 China Kadoorie Biobank participants without baseline CKD, BRI was calculated from waist circumference (WC) and body height using a validated formula. Incident CKD was ascertained through International Classification of Diseases, 10^th Revision-coded hospitalization/death records over 10.2 years median follow-up. Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical confounders. Restricted cubic splines evaluated nonlinearity, and prespecified subgroup analyses assessed effect modification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During follow-up, 2,737 incident CKD cases occurred. Each 1-unit increase in BRI conferred 19% higher CKD risk in fully adjusted models (HR: 1.19, 95% confidence interval: 1.13-1.25). A nonlinear (J-shaped) association emerged with significantly elevated risk above BRI ≈ 3.5 (P for nonlinearity = 0.067). Subgroup analyses revealed stronger associations in participants aged <60 years, higher socioeconomic status (≥¥20,000/year), current drinkers, hypertensives, and non-overweight individuals (body mass index [BMI] <24 kg/m²) (P for interaction < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BRI independently predicts CKD in Chinese adults, outperforming conventional indices and identifying high-risk phenotypes missed by BMI. The nonlinear association with threshold at BRI ≈ 3.5 offers a practical tool for population screening, particularly valuable for early intervention in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":50062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"31 ","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depressive symptoms and incident osteoporosis in older adults: A cohort study with competing-risk and mediation analyses in English Longitudinal Study of Aging.","authors":"Zhikun Wei, Jianwen Cheng","doi":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_1210_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_1210_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence on depressive symptoms and skeletal health is largely cross-sectional and rarely addresses competing risk, dose-response, or potential behavioral pathways. We examined the association between baseline depressive symptoms and incident osteoporosis in older adults, accounting for competing mortality and exploring mediation by physical activity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We analyzed 4920 adults aged ≥ 60 years from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing with Wave 1 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-8) scores and follow-up osteoporosis ascertainment. Incident physician-diagnosed osteoporosis was the outcome. Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) per 1-point higher CES-D-8 score. Restricted cubic splines assessed dose-response, Fine-Gray models accounted for death as a competing event, and exploratory natural-effects models assessed baseline physical activity as a potential mediator.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 16.0 years, 502 participants developed incident osteoporosis and 1138 deaths occurred. Higher CES-D-8 scores were associated with greater osteoporosis risk in the fully adjusted Cox model (HR, 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.10; <i>P</i> = 0.020), with consistent results in Fine-Gray models (subdistribution HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.10; <i>P</i> = 0.019). The dose-response appeared approximately linear. Exploratory subgroup analyses did not show robust effect modification, and mediation by baseline physical activity was not statistically supported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Baseline depressive symptoms were associated with a small increase in incident osteoporosis risk among older adults. The individual-level effect size was modest, and mediation findings should be interpreted as exploratory rather than causal.</p>","PeriodicalId":50062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"31 ","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13619112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding proteins and orofacial cleft.","authors":"Mehran Dehghanian, Majid Hosseinzadeh, Hossein Abdali, Nayereh Nouri, Mohammad Kazemi","doi":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_118_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_118_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are among the most common congenital anomalies, arising from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors that disrupt the precisely coordinated processes of craniofacial development. This review collects current evidence on the role of the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (CHD) family of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers in OFC etiology. We highlight the functions of the nine mammalian CHD proteins (CHD1-CHD9) during palatogenesis. There is strong evidence that mutations in <i>CHD1, CHD3, CHD4</i>, and <i>CHD7</i> are directly causative for OFCs, frequently through alterations in critical developmental signaling pathways, including bone morphogenetic protein, wingless-related integration site, and retinoic acid, leading to disrupted cranial neural crest cell specification, migration, and differentiation. This review concludes that a specific subset of CHD proteins acts as essential epigenetic regulators of gene programs critical for palate formation. Understanding their distinct and overlapping functions provides novel insights into OFC pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"31 ","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13619105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the mechanisms connecting the sympathetic nervous system and type 2 diabetes: Focus on renal denervation.","authors":"Ahmadali Jalalinezhad, Mohammad Reza Sharifi, Hossein Rezazadeh, Nepton Soltani","doi":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_1017_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_1017_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interplay between sympathetic nervous system activation and metabolic disorders, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension, has been increasingly recognized as a critical factor in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This review explores the potential mechanisms linking sympathetic overactivity to insulin resistance (IR) and T2DM, highlighting the role of renal denervation (RDN) as a promising therapeutic intervention. Sympathetic activation contributes to metabolic dysregulation by increasing plasma fatty acids, enhancing hepatic gluconeogenesis, and impairing pancreatic insulin release, while also inducing vasoconstriction and reducing glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. RDN, a catheter-based procedure targeting renal sympathetic nerves, has shown efficacy in managing resistant hypertension and improving glucose metabolism by reducing sympathetic drive, normalizing hepatic gluconeogenesis gene expression, and enhancing insulin sensitivity. Experimental and clinical studies suggest that RDN may mitigate IR, improve glycemic control, and reduce renal complications in diabetic models, independent of obesity or glucose tolerance status. However, the long-term effects on glycemic control and broader clinical applicability require further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"31 ","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13619111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The best type of probiotic for the prevention and treatment of neonatal physiological jaundice: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Behzad Barekatain, Zahra Asefi, Roya Kelishadi, Maryam Yazdi, Motahar Heidari-Beni","doi":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_746_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_746_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gut microbiota play an important role in bilirubin metabolism and may influence the course of neonatal physiological jaundice. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the strain-specific efficacy of probiotics in the prevention and adjunctive treatment of neonatal physiological jaundice.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, World Health Organization databases, and Persian databases (Scientific information database [SID] and Magiran) for studies published up to 2024 was conducted. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating probiotics in term and late-preterm neonates (≥35 weeks) with physiological jaundice were included. Data extraction, quality assessment, and meta-analysis were performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines using a random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen RCTs (13 therapeutic and 6 prophylactic) were included. Prophylactic probiotic administration was associated with a reduced need for phototherapy (odds ratio [OR] =0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.37-0.96). As an adjunct to phototherapy, probiotics were associated with lower bilirubin levels (mean difference [MD] = -1.61; 95% CI: -3.10--0.11), shorter phototherapy duration (~5 h), and reduced hospitalization (0.3 days). Reduction in bilirubin was more evident during the 2^nd and 3^rd days of treatment. Strain-specific differences were observed; <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> and <i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i> demonstrated larger pooled effect sizes for bilirubin reduction, whereas <i>Saccharomyces boulardii</i> showed greater protective effect against phototherapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Probiotics may serve as beneficial adjuncts in the prevention and management of neonatal physiological jaundice, with potential strain-dependent differences. Given heterogeneity and limited data for some strains, findings should be interpreted cautiously. Further well-designed, adequately powered RCTs are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":50062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"31 ","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13619108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic value and prognostic effect of has-miR-151a-3p in tuberculosis.","authors":"Jingwen Li, Tingru Luo","doi":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_1159_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jrms.jrms_1159_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) is a widespread chronic infectious disease globally, caused by infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (MTB). Clinically, it is classified into latent TB and active TB. Without timely and standardized treatment, it is prone to disease progression and even death. This research aimed to investigate the clinical significance of miR-151a-3p in TB and probe into the related underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Collectively, a total of 101 patients with latent TB, 102 patients with active TB, and 63 healthy individuals were enrolled in the research. Utilized real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to measure the relative expression level of miR-151a-3p. To examine miR-151a-3p's diagnostic potential for TB, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed; logistic analysis was used to assess its role as a risk factor against TB. The function of miR-151a-3p in THP-1 cells infected with MTB was determined using flow cytometry, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Dual-Luciferase assay verified its interaction with TP53, RT-qPCR was used to analyze the expression of TP53 in different THP-1 cell experimental groups and among different patients, and its prognostic utility was analyzed through Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox model. RT-qPCR was used to analyze the expression of miR-151a-3p and TP53 in patients with different treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The expression level of miR-151a-3p gradually decreased in the latent TB group and the active TB group. It could well distinguish TB patients. The decrease in its expression serves as a significant risk factor for TB. MTB infection triggers THP-1 cell apoptosis, impairs cell viability, and elevates inflammatory factors, which were partially reversed by miR-151a-3p. Through Dual-Luciferase assays, cell experiments, and patient TP53 expression analysis, miR-151a-3p is suggested to be involved in TB progression by targeting TP53.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>miR-151a-3p can serve as a clinical indicator for diagnosing TB and evaluating the progression of TB. miR-151a-3p reverses the MTB infection-induced cellular dysfunction and inflammatory response by targeting TP53.</p>","PeriodicalId":50062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"31 ","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13516012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148834387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}