Journal of Soil and Water Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Invasive annual grasses—Reenvisioning approaches in a changing climate","authors":"D. Archer, D. Toledo, D. Blumenthal, J. Derner, C. Boyd, K. Davies, E. Hamerlynck, R. Sheley, P. Clark, S. Hardegree, F. Pierson, C. Clements, B. Newingham, B. Rector, J. Gaskin, C. Wonkka, K. Jensen, T. Monaco, L. Vermeire, S. Young","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00074","url":null,"abstract":"For nearly a century, invasive annual grasses have increasingly impacted terrestrial ecosystems across the western United States. Weather variability associated with climate change and increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) are making even more difficult the challenges of managing invasive annual grasses. As part of a special issue on climate change impacts on soil and water conservation, the topic of invasive annual grasses is being addressed by scientists at the USDA Agricultural Research Service to emphasize the need for additional research and future studies that build on current knowledge and account for (extreme) changes in abiotic and biotic conditions. Much research has focused on understanding the mechanisms underlying annual grass invasion, as well as assessing patterns and responses from a wide range of disturbances and management approaches. Weather extremes and the increasing occurrences of wildfire are contributing to the complexity of the problem. In broad terms, invasive annual grass management, including restoration, must be proactive to consider human values and ecosystem resiliency. Models capable of synthesizing vast amounts of diverse information are necessary for creating trajectories that could result in the establishment of perennial systems. Organization and collaboration are needed across the research community and with land managers to strategically develop and implement practices that limit invasive annual grasses. In the future, research will need to address invasive annual grasses in an adaptive integrated weed management (AIWM) framework that utilizes models and accounts for climate change that is resulting in altered/new approaches to management and restoration.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"6 1","pages":"95 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75175834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How resilient are US rangeland ecosystems?","authors":"J. Brown","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00053","url":null,"abstract":"While “resilience” has become a buzzword in agriculture and land management circles, notably as a framework for the response to climate change, there has not been a clear path as to how to organize and deploy a range of resilience-related ideas, tools, and practices to improve climate change response. Generic statements about the need for improved resilience are common, and programs to help enhance resilience are common as a basis for policy development and implementation. These initiatives include references to a range of “climate-smart practices” that should be encouraged, but because they are national strategies, they seldom go beyond general principles. Land management requires a level of spatiotemporal precision in decision-making, planning, and application that calls for much more than broad principles and generic practice. This paper reviews the concepts that have made resilience an important part of land management goals across policy, programs, and application; demonstrates how those concepts can be organized and applied to decision-making to respond to climate change on rangelands; and finally, proposes some approaches that can help improve the value of a resilience-based approach.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"59 1","pages":"104 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80457996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of gypsum and cover crop on greenhouse gas emissions in soybean cropping systems","authors":"D. Watts, G. Runion, W. Dick, J.M. Gonzalez, K. Islam, D. Flanagan, N. Fausey, T. Vantoai, M. Batte, R. Reeder, D. Kost, L. Chen, P. Jacinthe","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00042","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture has the opportunity to mitigate anthropogenic contributions to global change by increasing soil sequestration of greenhouse gases (GHG) and by reducing efflux through management. Common agricultural management practices include crop rotation and use of cover crops. Interest in the use of gypsum in agricultural systems has also increased in recent years. However, little is known regarding how combining gypsum with other management practices impact GHG emissions in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.)-based cropping systems. A study was implemented at three locations (i.e., east-central Indiana, northwest Ohio, and east-central Alabama) to evaluate the influence of gypsum and cover cropping within a continuous soybean and a corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean rotation on crop yield and soil properties. Within this study, carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4) were also monitored periodically following soybean seeding through harvest from 2012 to 2016. The combined gas data were then used to calculate a global warming potential (GWP). Overall, few differences in GHG emissions were observed across sites and years, and no consistent patterns were noted, likely due to large variabilities in gas efflux measurements and limited influence of treatments on trace gases. However, treatment differences were observed for one or more GHG within specific years and at specific sites. Comparison across sites revealed the warmer/wetter climate in Alabama resulted in greater CO2 efflux, while climate and soil factors at the northern sites led to greater N2O efflux. At all locations, CH4 emissions were generally low and sites tended to be small net sinks. Given that GHG emissions drive GWP, it also showed few treatment responses and no consistent patterns. It can be concluded from this study that contributions of gypsum and cover crop to GHG emissions from soil in soybean cropping systems will likely have little influence on contributions to global climate change.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"17 1","pages":"154 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89384183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate and pest interactions pose a cross-landscape management challenge to soil and water conservation","authors":"J. Campbell, M. R. Fulcher, B. Grewell, Stephen L. Young","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.1025A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.1025A","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change and biological invasions by plant pests (weeds), agriculture and forest insect pests (insects), and microbial pests (plant pathogens) are complex interactive components of global environmental change. The influence of pest distribution and prevalence across landscapes are challenging the conservation and sustainability of natural resources, agricultural production, native biological diversity, and the valuable ecosystem services they provide (Huenneke 1997; Vitousek 1997; Juroszek and von Tiedemann 2013; Ziska and Dukes 2014). Since 2000, numerous scientific studies indicate accelerating climate change is posing substantial risks to natural and managed systems in North America (IPPC 2022). Intensified droughts, large-scale wildfires, and increased demands for limited surface and groundwater water supplies in arid regions are threatening the sustainability of irrigated agriculture and contributing to economic losses (Stewart et al. 2020), while extreme rainfall events are contributing to severe riverine and urban flooding across the United States. Climate change affects crops, rangelands, forests, and natural areas directly through the immediate effects of temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and thereby impacts production and management systems. These effects are amplified by climate-driven increases in weed, insect, and plant pathogen problems that further complicate related factors such as water, nutrient, and pest management (Walthall et al. 2013). Changing climates also alter physiological, ecological, and evolutionary processes that can support increased establishment, invasiveness, local spread, and geographic range changes of weeds, insects, and plant pathogens (Chidawanyika et al. 2019; Gallego-Tevár et al. 2019; Ziska et al. 2019) that have cascading effects on soil and water quality, and human livelihoods. Thus, a need exists for cross-habitat and landscape/watershed-scale perspectives to improve understanding of mechanisms underlying pest fitness and impacts within and across integrated systems.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"79 1","pages":"39A - 44A"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91371800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections for enhancing participatory research and outreach from a multistakeholder soil health program","authors":"Fernanda Souza Krupek, Taylor Ruth, Daren Redfearn, Aaron Hird, Andrea Basche","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.0908a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.0908a","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"373 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135709872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable and regenerative agriculture: Tools to address food insecurity and climate change","authors":"R. Schattman, D. Rowland, Sara C. Kelemen","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.1202A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.1202A","url":null,"abstract":"The United States plays an important role in addressing both food insecurity and climate change. Agriculture sits at the nexus of these two issues, which some have called “wicked problems” due to their pernicious effects and the complexity of their causes and their solutions (Rittel and Webber 1973). While public and policy discussion often concentrate on the role agriculture may play in contributing to climate change, it also has great potential for climate adaptation and mitigation. This is because some agriculture systems have the potential to adapt to climate change using selective management approaches, while also providing mitigation benefits (Shakoor et al. 2022). Through agriculture we have unique opportunities to help mitigate climate change in ways not possible in other industries or systems.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"30 1","pages":"33A - 38A"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78910366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrate losses from Midwest US agroecosystems: Impacts of varied management and precipitation","authors":"D. Shrestha, K. Masarik, C. Kucharik","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00048","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrate (NO3−) losses from agricultural fields to groundwater and surface waterways are a major concern that could be further exacerbated by a changing climate. Although individual field-scale studies provide critical information, investigation on the interactive effect of various management practices across different soil types experiencing wide variations in precipitation is necessary to extend our understanding of what approaches may mitigate NO3− losses to the environment. Synthesizing and analyzing large data sets from multiple studies provides an opportunity to investigate the interactive impact of multiple management practices, soil texture, and rainfall. We assembled peer-reviewed field studies from the Midwest United States and analyzed their associated field data to (1) quantify the range of NO3− leaching associated with different agroecosystems and (2) determine the individual and interactive effect of management practices (tillage and amount of nitrogen [N] fertilizer added), cropping systems (crop type and rotation), and precipitation across multiple soil types on NO3− leaching. Our results showed that fertilized potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) had the highest NO3− leaching rate among all systems studied (59.3 ± 8.4 kg N ha−1 y−1) while unfertilized perennial systems exhibited the lowest NO3− leaching (6.1 ± 0.9 kg N ha−1 y−1). Our results suggested that corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) rotations can reduce NO3− leaching compared to continuous corn by 25% in clay soils and also reduce the impact of high rainfall on NO3− leaching compared to continuous corn management. Nitrate leaching in sandy soils exhibited a greater sensitivity and amplified response to increasing N fertilizer amount and annual precipitation compared to other soil types. Compared to conventional tillage, no-tillage soil management significantly reduced NO3− leaching in sandy and silty loam soils. While some management practices can curb NO3− leaching losses, more drastic land management change from row crops to perennial systems offered the most benefit. We conclude that a changing climate will make it more challenging for farmers to increase N use efficiency and reduce NO3− leaching, especially on coarse textured soils.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"372 1","pages":"141 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80501004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The urgent need for action","authors":"J. Steiner","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.0218a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.0218a","url":null,"abstract":"I first learned about the greenhouse gas effect in the 1970s as an undergraduate student. In graduate school in the 1980s, I learned more about the physics involved and began monitoring the status of the Keeling Curve with increasing concern. While the annual cycle that helps visualize the “breathing” of the global vegetation inspired me, the relentless upward trend in the curve alarmed me. Global climate change has been a motivator of my research ever since.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"47 1","pages":"52A - 52A"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75410068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing circular nutrient economy to achieve benefits beyond nutrient loss reduction in the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River basin","authors":"Hongxu Zhou, A. Margenot, Wei Zheng, C. Wardropper, R. Cusick, R. Bhattarai","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.0323A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.0323A","url":null,"abstract":"S ince the establishment of the US Hypoxia Task Force (HTF) in 1997, billions of dollars have been invested in Nutrient Reduction Strategy (NRS) implementation in the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River basins (MARB) to reduce the Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone size to less than 5,000 km2 (1,930 mi2) by 2035 (USEPA 2022). However, after 25 years of continuous efforts, substantial improvement in water quality has yet to be achieved. The largest hypoxic zone measured was 22,730 km2 (8,776 mi2) in 2017, more than four times the targeted goal (NOAA 2022). Farmers’ adoption of best management practices proposed by state NRS and collaboration among diverse stakeholders are vital to achieving the HTF goals because the majority of nutrient pollution is from agricultural sources (USEPA 2022; Robertson and Saad 2021). Therefore, reorienting the strategy to implement NRS more effectively and motivate farmers’ involvement has been a top priority at the scientific and policy levels. A circular nutrient economy encompasses responsible nutrient management practices for the reduction of nutrient losses and increased recovery of nutrients from waste streams for reuse in agricultural production. The concept is based on the principles of the circular economy, which seeks to decouple economic growth from resource consumption and environmental degradation. Some countries (e.g., Netherlands and Singapore) have been pioneers in implementing circular nutrient economy practices to close nutrient loops, such as the Phosphate Platform and Singapore's NEWater program. In this viewpoint, we suggest that a circular nutrient economy in the MARB could accelerate NRS implementation and achieve benefits beyond nutrient loss reduction. Hongxu Zhou is a graduate research assistant in the Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, Urbana, Illinois (ORCID: 0000-00021746-8182). Andrew J. Margenot is an associate professor in the Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (ORCID: 0000-0003-0185-8650). Wei Zheng is a principal research scientist at the Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (ORCID: 0000-0002-0307-0915). Chloe B. Wardropper is an assistant professor in the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (ORCID: 0000-0002-0652-2315). Roland D. Cusick is an assistant professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (ORCID: 00000002-4037-2939). Rabin Bhattarai is an associate professor in the Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (ORCID: 0000-0002-3433-299X). Received March 23, 2023. ADVANCING A CIRCULAR NUTRIENT ECONOMY COULD MOTIVATE NUTRIENT REDUCTION STRATEGY ADOPTION A significant empha","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"40 1","pages":"82A - 84A"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74817159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of rhizobium on development, biomass accumulation and nodulation in Albizia procera seedlings from Himachal Pradesh","authors":"Arti Ghabru, N. Rana, Meenakshi","doi":"10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00015.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00015.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75263182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}