Journal of Soil and Water Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Understanding barriers to adoption of sustainable nitrogen management practices in California","authors":"J. Rudnick, S. Khalsa, M. Lubell, M. Leinfelder-Miles, K. Gould, P. H. Brown","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00109","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving sustainability in agricultural nitrogen (N) management relies on farmers’ decisions to reduce fertilizer inputs and adopt conservation management practices. Understanding the drivers and barriers to farmers’ adoption of improved N management practices is critical to developing effective management and policy approaches on this intractable challenge. Existing research on farmer behavior has assumed that any barrier to adoption will result in lower practice adoption rates, without fully understanding how barriers may vary across different management practices, farm and farmer types, and stages of adoption. By leveraging two farmer survey data sets (total n > 1,900), this study diagnoses key barriers to adoption across 11 different N management practices and a large diversity of farmer and farm types across the California Central Valley. We find resource constraints, technical knowledge, and uncertainty emerge as key barrier types that differentially affect farmers at various stages of adoption. On a practice-by-practice basis, uncertainty barriers appear greatest for nonadopters of a practice, whereas practice adopters are more likely to report resource barriers. Across management practices at the farm level, farmers with higher self-reported conservation orientations are more likely to report being affected by all barrier types, as compared to their peers with lower self-reported conservation orientations. Our findings demonstrate that barriers to adoption are more complex than simply the factors that predict lower adoption, as both adopters and nonadopters experience barriers. Furthermore, factors that typically predict higher adoption, such as conservation motivation, do not insulate a farmer from facing barriers to adoption. We consider how adopters are likely to go through a learning process while moving from considering to fully implementing a new practice, during which different barriers to behavior change may be encountered. We argue that interventions intended to motivate farmer adoption of improved management practices need to take more nuanced approaches to understanding how barriers to adoption are likely to vary across stages of adoption, farm and farmer type, and specific management practices.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"327 1","pages":"347 - 363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76642658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of the soil macropore and root architecture of alpine meadows during the seasonal freezing-thawing process and their impact on water transport in the Qinghai Lake watershed, northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau","authors":"X. Hu, L. Jiang, Y.-D. Zhao, X. Li","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00155","url":null,"abstract":"Low temperatures, freezing-thawing cycles, and short growing seasons characterize alpine soils. The mattic epipedon, a special diagnostic surface horizon with an intensive root network, is widely distributed in alpine ecosystems. Studies on the soil macropores and roots of the mattic epipedon layer in response to seasonal freezing-thawing processes on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau are lacking. This study characterized the soil macropores and roots of alpine meadows during the seasonal freezing-thawing process using X-ray computed tomography and revealed the influence of soil macropores and roots structure on water transport in the mattic epipedon layer of the alpine meadows. The results showed that the soil pore distribution was more uniform during the unstable freezing stage (UFP) and the unstable thawing stage (UTP), whereas there was a clear mattic epipedon layer during the completely thawed stage (TP) and the completely frozen stage (FP). Soils in the TP stage had a higher total surface area density (0.1898 mm2 mm−3), length density (225.28 mm mm−3), node density (1,592 no. mm−3), and connectivity (0.3144) of soil macropores than those in the UFP, UTP, and FP stages. In the TP stages, the density, surface area density, branch density, length density, and node density of roots had significant correlations with the macroporosity, surface area density, length density, node density, and tortuosity of soil macropores. In the FP stage, there were no correlations between the root and soil macropore characteristics. Vertical water is expected to move more readily through the mattic epipedon in the TP stage than in the UFP and UTP stages. Roots were the preferential pathways for water transport into the soil layer of the alpine meadow. Therefore, the mattic epipedon is a key layer for water and nutrient storage and plays an important role in the water-holding function of the Tibetan Plateau due to its greater root development.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"29 1","pages":"299 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79956096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different vegetation restoration types on soil infiltration characteristics in severely eroded subtropical regions of South China","authors":"J. Peng, X. Xu, Haifang Wen, S. Ni, J. Wang, C. Cai","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00047","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetation restoration could cause variations in soil and near-surface properties, altering soil structure directly or indirectly and consequently affecting soil infiltration characteristics. This study is aimed at exploring the variation of soil physicochemical properties and infiltration characteristics under five vegetation restoration types (including restored forest, restored orchard, restored scrubland, restored grassland, and unrestored eroded land, which are referred to as RF, RO, RS, RG, and EL, respectively) and the main factors affecting infiltration characteristics. The EL was taken as the control group. Five hydraulic heads (0, −3, −6, −9, and −12 cm) were set to continuously measure the soil infiltration characteristics through a disc infiltrometer. Results indicated that vegetation restoration types significantly affected initial infiltration rate (IIR), steady infiltration rate (SIR), and hydraulic conductivity (Ks), which ranged from 0.56 to 4.40, 0.32 to 2.86, and 6.48 × 10−3 to 0.47 mm h−1, respectively (mean value: 2.72, 1.35, and 0.32 mm h−1, respectively). The highest value of soil infiltration rate appeared in the EL, and the lowest value was observed in the RF. Root parameters including root length density and root surface density were highest in RG, and lowest in the control and RF, respectively. In addition, the conceptual path model explained 95%, 96%, and 96% of the variance in IIR, SIR, and Ks, with the goodness-of-fit index of 0.988, 0.988, and 0.997, respectively. This modeling determined biological crust thickness, soil organic matter content, root length density, and sand content as the major factors affecting the process of soil infiltration. These results enhance our understanding of the water erosion process under different vegetation restoration types in the severely eroded subtropical regions of South China.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"4 1","pages":"364 - 375"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87866981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term drainage water recycling affects soil health and soil properties","authors":"H. Kaur, K. Nelson, G. Singh, R. Udawatta","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00159","url":null,"abstract":"Drainage water recycling (DWR) using drainage and subirrigation (DSI) has increased the resiliency of crop production and improved water quality in the midwestern United States, but the effects on soil properties and soil health parameters have not been determined. This research evaluated (1) reservoir nutrient concentrations of a long-term DWR site over time, (2) the effects of a DWR system on soil properties at four depths in a corn (Zea mays)–soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation compared to free drainage (FD) and nondrained (ND) soil, and (3) the influence of DWR on soil health parameters after a 17-year corn–soybean rotation compared to ND. Different laboratory methods for estimating these soil health parameters were compared. In the initial years of the study (2002 to 2007), concentration of salts (potassium [K] and sodium [Na]) and dissolved nutrients (nitrogen [N] and phosphorus [P]) were higher in the reservoir water. Mean concentrations were 1.8 mg L−1 for nitrate-N (NO3-N) and 0.36 mg L−1 for orthophosphate (PO4-P) in the reservoir during the study. The concentration of salts and ions in the reservoir were not restrictive for use as irrigation water for plants. The DWR treatment had a soil texture that was 11% lower in silt (P < 0.001) and 13% higher in clay (P < 0.001) concentration at 21 to 30 cm soil depth compared to ND. The water table fluctuations appeared to influence cation (calcium [Ca], magnesium [Mg], and K) movement in soils while the FD and DWR treatments had lower soil test P in the topsoil. No significant interaction in soil analysis methods × treatments were observed (P > 0.1), indicating the absence of an effect of analysis methods (Haney soil test, Soil Health Management Assessment Framework, and Cornell Soil Health Assessment) on assessment of soil properties. DWR did not alter soil properties or soil health parameters.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"37 1","pages":"309 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84554981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart climate initiatives for United States cropland","authors":"C. Ogg","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.0322a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.0322a","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"18 1","pages":"79A - 81A"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88992353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling up agricultural conservation: Predictors of cover crop use across time and space in the US upper Midwest","authors":"T. Guo, S. Marquart-Pyatt, K. Beethem, R. Denny, J. Lai","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00084","url":null,"abstract":"Scaling up cover crop use will increase crop diversity on agricultural lands and help achieve sustainable production and environmental wellbeing. To increase the total acreage planted to cover crops, more farmers need to use cover crops on a larger proportion of their farms (extent) and for a longer time (longevity), suggesting the importance of spatial and temporal scales of adoption. The adoption literature lacks attention to the spatial and temporal precision of practice measures and misses opportunities to identify consistent or diverse mechanisms for scaling up conservation practices. To fill this gap, we used data from 1,724 corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) farms in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio to study three measures of cover crop usage: the use of cover crops in a single year on a specific field, the percentage of acres planted to cover crops on a farm in a single-year, and years of cover crop use. Our models included key biophysical, operational, policy, social, and psychological factors. We hypothesize that predictors of cover crop adoption and intensity and longevity of use differ. Our results revealed five factors that performed consistently across measures (perceived benefits of cover crops, knowledge, profitability goals, no-till, and rotational diversity), while the effects of the other seven factors varied, including sustainability goals that were only associated with the longevity of use. Policy programs that aim at increasing cover crop use should consider which aspect of scaling-up is being targeted, then focus on corresponding factors that can better tailor policy and education programs to farmer motivations and decision-making contexts.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"24 1","pages":"335 - 346"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72541066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trade-off analysis of water conservation and water consumption of typical ecosystems at different climatic scales in the Dongjiang River basin, China","authors":"Y. Luo, K. Zhu, X. Qiu, C. Zang, X. Lu, M. Dai, W. Zhang, X. Gan","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00106","url":null,"abstract":"Water conservation is one of the most crucial ecosystem service functions and key to evaluating watershed protection and development. Water consumption is an important part of the water cycle and maintains ecosystem stability. The trade-off relationship between water conservation and water consumption in ecosystems at different climatic scales is a significant scientific issue in hydrological studies. The Dongjiang River basin has a very important strategic position and supplies water to the eastern part of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong. This study conducted a trade-off analysis of the water conservation and water consumption of typical ecosystems in the Dongjiang River basin at different climatic scales using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The results revealed that first, the amount of water conserved in the Dongjiang River basin was far less than that consumed over the past 50 years. Regarding typical meteorological years, water consumption followed the order of wet year > normal year > dry year. Second, the average amounts of annual, wet season, and dry season water consumption were 22.611, 17.943, and 4.668 Bm³, respectively, whereas the average amounts of water conservation were 1.198, 1.609, and −0.411 Bm³, respectively. The water conservation and water consumption of different ecosystems fluctuated significantly between the dry and wet seasons, with stronger fluctuation in the dry season. Third, in terms of ecosystem types, water conservation followed the order of arbor forest > paddy field > other forest > grassland > dry cropland, and water consumption followed the order of arbor forest > other forest > paddy field > grassland > dry cropland. Lastly, the meteorological factor driving changes in water conservation was precipitation, and the factors influencing changes in water consumption were temperature and precipitation. This study can provide theoretical reference for ecosystem protection and sustainable management of water resources, and the results and conclusions have great significance to developments in hydrological research.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"13 1","pages":"322 - 334"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89024686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Soil Vulnerability Index classification with respect to rainfall characteristics","authors":"Q. Phung, A. Thompson, C. Baffaut, L. Witthaus, N. Aloysius, T. L. Veith, D. Bosch, G. McCarty, S. Lee","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00065","url":null,"abstract":"The Soil Vulnerability Index (SVI) uses widely available inputs from the SSURGO database to classify cropland into four levels of vulnerability to sediment and nutrient losses: Low, Moderate, Moderately High, and High. Previous work has identified inconsistencies in SVI assessments across the United States, possibly because neither precipitation amount nor intensity were included in the development of SVI. This study aimed to determine if rainfall characteristics influence the SVI classification and which ones are most critical. The objectives were to (1) evaluate the impact of precipitation characteristics on land vulnerability to sediment loss, and (2) evaluate if rainfall characteristics alter the degree of agreement between the simulated sediment yield and SVI classification. The study focused on four Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) watersheds in Ohio, Missouri, Mississippi, and Pennsylvania for which sediment yields were simulated using previously calibrated models. The models were run with input precipitation data from these four watersheds. In addition, in order to examine a wider range of precipitation characteristics, model runs were made for the same four watersheds utilizing precipitation data from two CEAP areas in Georgia and Maryland. Sediment yields for all the cropland units in four of the watersheds were simulated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool or the Annualized Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution Model using 1985 to 2014 precipitation data from all six areas as inputs. Similarities and differences between precipitation characteristics such as precipitation amount, intensity, and rainfall erosivity R-factors were compared with the similarities and differences in simulated sediment loss. Results confirmed that SVI is a useful tool for relative ranking of cropland at risk of erosion within a region, as SVI and the model-based vulnerability classifications agreed for 55% to 100% of the watersheds’ subunits. However, model-based classification of field vulnerability could shift due to changes in precipitation characteristics. Thus, the range of soil loss for each vulnerability class can shift from one region to another. The results suggest that precipitation intensity or annual R-factor may help improve the correspondence between vulnerability and the range of expected soil loss.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"40 1","pages":"209 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90935492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term subsoiling and straw return increase soil organic carbon fractions and crop yield","authors":"Z. Liu, L. Nie, M. Zhang, S. Zhang, H. Yang, L. Guo, J. Xia, T. Ning, N. Jiao, Y. Kuzyakov","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00094","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation tillage has been adopted worldwide as an attractive alternative to conventional tillage. However, suitable conservation tillage for increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) and crop yield simultaneously is still limited. Two conservation tillage methods, subsoiling to the 40 cm depth (ST) and no-tillage (NT), were combined with three straw return treatments (i.e., no return [−0], return of whole wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw and 1 m high maize (Zea mays L.) stubble [−1], and return of whole wheat and maize straw [−a]) to study their impacts on SOC content, labile C fractions, and crop yields, with conventional tillage (CT) used as a control in a 15-year field experiment. Subsoiling with 1 m high maize stubble return (ST-1) increased the mean annual grain yields by 18% and the mean SOC content by 39% at the 0 to 100 cm depth compared with conventional tillage with no maize straw return (CT-0) in 2016 and 2017. The mean SOC at the 0 to 100 cm depth of the NT treatment was lower than those of ST and CT because of the reduced transformation from straw to SOC and labile C fractions. One meter high maize stubble return can maintain high SOC content, C fractions, and crop yield compared with whole maize straw return. Thus, subsoiling combined with 1 m high maize stubble return was an effective conservation tillage to increase the SOC content and crop yield.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"144 1","pages":"234 - 244"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76238010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerial interseeding and planting green to enhance nitrogen capture and cover crop biomass carbon","authors":"N. Sedghi, R. Fox, L. Sherman, C. Gaudlip, R. Weil","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00051","url":null,"abstract":"The US state of Maryland incentivizes farmers to plant cover crops to reduce nitrogen (N) loading to the Chesapeake Bay and to sequester carbon (C). Maryland has a greater percentage of agricultural land in cover crops than any other state, but Maryland farmers typically plant cover crops in October, after harvest and terminate them early in spring, thus severely limiting the cover crop growing time with sufficient temperatures. We hypothesized that extending the cover crop growing season, by interseeding cover crops earlier in fall and terminating them later in the spring, would increase both fall and spring cover crop biomass and N content, reduce nitrate (NO3) leached during winter through early spring, increase soil mineral N, and increase soil moisture in early summer. We tested this hypothesis across 18 site-years by partnering with commercial farmers on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. The farmers managed a brassica-legume-cereal cover crop on their corn (Zea mays L.) or soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) fields according to three treatments: (1) aerial interseed cover crop prior to cash crop harvest and terminate it at or after cash crop planting (Extended); (2) drill cover crop after cash crop harvest and terminate it several weeks before cash crop planting (Standard); and (3) a no-cover crop control in 2018 and 2019 (No Cover). For each treatment, we measured cover crop biomass + N content (fall and spring), NO3 in 70 or 100 cm deep drainage water (fall-winter), as well as soil mineral N and moisture (in June). The Extended treatment exhibited higher fall biomass (1,700 versus 294 kg ha−1) and total N content (65.3 versus 9.6 kg N ha−1) only in a wet year, but produced greater spring cover crop biomass and N content than the Standard treatment every year. In the year with a very wet fall, NO3-N leaching loss was reduced by 84% for Extended and by 45% for Standard compared to No Cover. We found no difference in NO3 leaching between Extended and Standard in years with a dry fall (2017 and 2019). Averaged over all three years, Extended and Standard did not differ in June soil NO3 concentration. Greater reductions in NO3 leaching may make early aerial interseeding preferable to post-harvest drilling, while increased biomass produced in spring with later termination made Extended desirable for increased C inputs. Hence, extending the cover-cropping season can be beneficial to the farmer and to the environment due to increased fall and spring cover crop C inputs to the soil and reduced NO3 leaching in wet years, reducing potential eutrophication of nearby waterways.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"19 1","pages":"282 - 298"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75314167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}