ACS Applied Energy Materials最新文献

{"title":"Vanadium Oxide Hole-Selective Contact for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells","authors":"Jian He*,&nbsp;Peibang Cao,&nbsp;Peidong Zhang,&nbsp;Fanglin Meng,&nbsp;Anzhi Xie and Pingqi Gao*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.4c0255610.1021/acsaem.4c02556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c02556https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c02556","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The selection of an appropriate thin-film deposition process is crucial for enhancing the efficiency of crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells. In this work, we investigate the development of hole-selective contacts for c-Si solar cells utilizing vanadium oxide (V₂O_<i>x</i>) thin films, deposited via atomic layer deposition (ALD) and thermal evaporation techniques. We systematically compare the passivation and contact performance of V₂O_<i>x</i> films on <i>p</i>-type c-Si substrates, focusing on the influence of different oxygen sources, water and ozone, used in the ALD process. Our experimental results reveal that V₂O_<i>x</i> films deposited using ALD with water as the oxygen source exhibit superior passivation and contact properties due to enhanced hydrogen passivation at the c-Si/V₂O_<i>x</i> interface. Furthermore, the introduction of a thin aluminum oxide interfacial layer at the c-Si/V₂O_<i>x</i> interface further improves passivation, enabling power conversion efficiencies exceeding 22%. These findings underscore the potential of ALD-deposited V₂O_<i>x</i> films, particularly with water as the oxygen source, as promising candidates for optimizing hole-selective contacts in high-efficiency c-Si solar cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":"7 23","pages":"11218–11224 11218–11224"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142843029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confinement of V4C3Tx MXene between NiMn-LDH Nanolayers for Battery–Supercapacitor Hybrid Devices","authors":"Dana Susan Abraham,&nbsp;Mari Vinoba and Margandan Bhagiyalakshmi*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.4c0160710.1021/acsaem.4c01607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c01607https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c01607","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In recent times, extensive research has focused on developing highly efficient energy storage devices that combine battery-type and capacitive-type electrodes to achieve high energy and power capabilities in a single device. In this study, we engineered flower-like NiMn-LDH/V₄C₃T_<i>x</i> MXene nanocomposites (NMVs) via a facile hydrothermal procedure. The 3D porous flower-like structure of NMV-25 mitigated the natural inclination of 2D materials to self-aggregate and enriched its electrochemical efficiency for supercapacitor applications by facilitating rapid ion and electrolyte transport between layers. NiMn-LDH endows the nanocomposite with ample active sites, high redox activity, channels for ions, and electron transport. Additionally, V₄C₃T_<i>x</i> MXene imparts the nanocomposite with robust structural stability, superior electrical conductivity, and rapid reaction kinetics. NMV-25 demonstrated battery-type behavior with a specific capacity of 264.72 mAh g^–1 at 1 A g^–1. The NMV-25//V₄C₃T_<i>x</i> hybrid supercapacitor device fabricated with battery-type NMV-25 and V₄C₃T_<i>x</i> as a capacitive type attained a remarkable energy density of 54.90 Wh kg^–1 at a power density of 800 W kg^–1 and exhibited exceptional cycling stability. Hence, it can be inferred from the findings that the NMV-25 electrode is a high potential candidate for use as a battery-type electrode material for hybrid supercapacitor applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":"7 23","pages":"10815–10825 10815–10825"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142842779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding the Design Flexibility of Electrolyte Solvents for Li–O2 Secondary Batteries by Incorporating Fluorine Groups","authors":"Kiho Nishioka*,&nbsp;Hayato Fujimoto,&nbsp;Mamoru Tobisu and Shuji Nakanishi*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.4c0242110.1021/acsaem.4c02421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c02421https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c02421","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The development of chemically stable electrolytes is crucial for lithium–oxygen battery design. However, modifying electrolyte solvents to enhance the specific properties often increases the number of constituent atoms per molecule, potentially reducing the chemical stability by providing more initiation sites for bond cleavage. This study demonstrates that introducing fluorine moieties into amide-based electrolyte solvents mitigates this trade-off while maintaining lower charging voltages over extended cycles. This effect was consistently observed across various amide-based solvents, including diamides. These findings suggest that introducing fluorine moieties can relax constraints related to the number of constituent atoms, thereby increasing the range of molecular designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":"7 23","pages":"10770–10776 10770–10776"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142842780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled Synthesis of Ultrahigh-Loading Pt–Co Intermetallic Compounds for Superior Oxygen Reduction Reaction","authors":"Feng Song*,&nbsp;Ya-ni Yan,&nbsp;Xianghua Liu,&nbsp;Yunbo Zhang,&nbsp;Lijie Zhu,&nbsp;Shengping Wang,&nbsp;Mingfeng Shang,&nbsp;Pengran Gao and Huaiguo Huang,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.4c0195410.1021/acsaem.4c01954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c01954https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c01954","url":null,"abstract":"<p >High-loading Pt-based intermetallic compound (IMC) electrocatalysts are crucial in proven proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFCs) products. This work prepares a Pt–Co IMC (marked as O-PtCo/C with SiO₂) by using a two-step annealing strategy with a Pt loading of up to 58.78 wt % and an average size of ca. 4.7 nm. The O-PtCo/C with SiO₂ displays a great oxygen reduction reaction activity (0.44 A mg_Pt^–1) and stability (∼2.3% loss after 10K cycles of ADT). Furthermore, the catalyst demonstrates an output power density of up to 1242 mW cm^–2 in the membrane electrode assembly test. All benefit from the controlled synthesis of ordered structures and small sizes. This study develops a way to promote the commercialization of high-loading Pt/Co IMCs in fuel cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":"7 23","pages":"11005–11010 11005–11010"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142843242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing Free-Standing Flexible Dual Carbon Lithium-Ion Capacitors with Carbon Fiber–Pitch Composite Electrodes","authors":"Subhajit Bhowmik,&nbsp;Satyabati Mishra,&nbsp;Maurya Akshaykumar R,&nbsp;Udita Bhattacharjee and Surendra K. Martha*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.4c0206910.1021/acsaem.4c02069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c02069https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c02069","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Dual carbon lithium-ion capacitors (DC-LICs) have emerged as a promising solution to reconcile the disparity between high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and high-power-density supercapacitors (SCs). However, the kinetic discrepancy between the two electrodes limits their applications. This research focuses on synthesizing and optimizing carbon-based anode and cathode materials from a widely abundant petroleum pitch precursor and carbon fiber (CF) mat current collector. The anode is developed through hydrothermal-calcination of pitch and thiourea, followed by a coating of hydrothermal-derived carbon using additional pitch (without binder and additional carbon black). At the same time, the cathode is activated carbon obtained by KOH activation. Herein, the utilization of N, S-doped carbon coated on CF (CFP8) as an anode can tackle the high rate performance of the activated carbon cathode (ACP8). Further, using CF as a current collector makes this LIC device flexible and more sustainable. Thus, the optimized DC-LICs (1.5:1 mass ratio) exhibit a superior energy density of 63 Wh kg^–1 at a high power density of 8300 W kg^–1. Besides, this CF-based flexible DC-LIC device exhibits 75% retention in capacity even after 10 000 cycles. Thus, this finding emphasizes the potential of DC-LICs, highlighting the improved energy, self-discharge, and leakage current compared with traditional supercapacitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":"7 23","pages":"11038–11047 11038–11047"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142843248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Electrochemical CO Reduction to Methane by Modulating the Interfacial Water Structure with Glycerol","authors":"Huijuan Wang,&nbsp;Jieyu Wang,&nbsp;Fengyuan Wei,&nbsp;Zhensheng Mi,&nbsp;Feifei Li,&nbsp;Li Xiao,&nbsp;Gongwei Wang* and Lin Zhuang,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.4c0235310.1021/acsaem.4c02353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c02353https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c02353","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Interfacial water serves as the proton source in both the electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR) and the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Engineering the interfacial water structure to enhance the CORR and suppress the HER is an effective strategy but remains underexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that adding low amounts of glycerol to the electrolyte can effectively modulate the interfacial water structure and influence the CORR product distribution. Glycerol addition suppressed the HER and promoted the CORR conversion to CH₄, with its Faradaic efficiency increasing from 5.4 ± 3.3 to 23.9 ± 2.7%. Electrochemical <i>in-situ</i> Raman spectroscopy combined with ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations reveals that the glycerol additive reduces the interfacial water content and strengthens the interfacial hydrogen bonding network, thus inhibiting water dissociation and promoting *CO protonation to produce CH₄. These findings shed light on the significance of the interfacial water structure in dictating CORR selectivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":"7 23","pages":"11154–11160 11154–11160"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142850561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a B-Site Co-Free Multielement Perovskite Oxide as Oxygen Electrode for Efficient CO2 Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells","authors":"Zhengrong Liu,&nbsp;Zilin Zhou,&nbsp;Jiaming Yang,&nbsp;Yueyue Sun,&nbsp;Chaofan Yin,&nbsp;Ruhuan Li,&nbsp;Kai Wu,&nbsp;Athanasios Chatzitakis and Jun Zhou*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.4c0200010.1021/acsaem.4c02000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c02000https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c02000","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The traditional oxygen electrode in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs), (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O₃ (LSCF), suffers from high cost, evaporation at high temperatures, and societal aspects of the use of Co. In this work, a Co-free B-site multielement (so-called high-entropy) perovskite oxide, La_0.6Sr_0.4Cu_0.2Fe_0.2Ti_0.2Mn_0.2Ni_0.2O_3-δ (LSCuFTMN), has been synthesized and successfully applied as a novel oxygen electrode. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data indicate that the multiple transition elements in the B-site exist in various valence states, leading to a spatially variable electron structure. Electrochemical measurements of LSCuFTMN suggest that the material exhibits extraordinary catalytic activity and stability under the studied working atmospheres and a decrease in polarization resistance by 24% compared to LSCF. By distribution of relaxation time (DRT) analysis, LSCuFTMN possesses better mass and charge transfer performance than traditional LSCF. An SOEC with LSCuFTMN as the oxygen electrode has been assembled and tested, and a current density of 1.2 A cm^–2 is obtained at 2.0 V and 800 °C in electrolysis of pure CO₂, higher by nearly 50% compared to LSCF. The faradaic efficiency is over 95%. No clear recession is observed in the long term stability test. It is evident that multication – so-called high-entropy – oxides could be promising materials for improving the working performance of SOECs.</p>","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":"7 23","pages":"11020–11030 11020–11030"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142843243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfur Speciation in Li-S Batteries Determined by <i>Operando</i> Laboratory X-ray Emission Spectroscopy.","authors":"Ava Rajh, Alen Vizintin, Joanna Hoszowska, Robert Dominko, Matjaž Kavčič","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.4c02330","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsaem.4c02330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this work, <i>operando</i> sulfur X-ray emission measurements on a Li-S battery cathode were performed using a laboratory setup as an alternative to more common synchrotron radiation based absorption studies. Photoexcitation by an X-ray tube was used. Valence-to-core Kβ X-ray emission spectra were recorded with a wavelength dispersive crystal spectrometer in von Hamos geometry, providing excellent energy resolution and good detection efficiency. The setup was used to record <i>ex situ</i> S Kβ emission spectra from S cathodes from the Li-S battery and also under <i>operando</i> conditions. Average S oxidation state within the battery cathode during battery cycling was determined from the shape of the Kβ emission spectra. A more detailed S species characterization was performed by fitting a linear combination of previously measured laboratory synthesized standards to the measured spectra. Relative amounts of different S species in the cathode were determined during the cycling of the Li-S battery. The main advantage of X-ray emission spectroscopy is that it can be performed on concentrated samples with S loading comparable to a real battery. The approach shows great promise for routine laboratory analysis of electrochemical processes in Li-S batteries and other sulfur-based systems under <i>operando</i> conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":"7 23","pages":"11135-11143"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11632651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Exceptional Tandem Catalyst Pt1Pd1 NPs Embedded on a Fe3O4-Polypyrrole Composite Serving in Both the Ethanol Oxidation Reaction and Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells","authors":"Rajib Adhikary,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Jayati Datta*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.4c0181910.1021/acsaem.4c01819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c01819https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c01819","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The present study explores the contributory benefits of PtPd catalyst nanoparticles supported on a mixed valence iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) and polypyrrole (PPy) composite for validation in both the ethanol oxidation reaction and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline medium for low temperature direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs). The high electrochemical surface area (ECSA) for PtPd/PPy-Fe₃O₄ with smart intervention of Fe₃O₄ directly/indirectly in the EOR and ORR sequences makes this distinct catalyst a highly preferred choice in direct ethanol fuel cells with respect to reduced polarization loss, substantial current density output, and greater stability compared to the usual Pt or Pd single nanocatalysts supported over carbon, while the conducting polymer present in the composite matrix enhances the charge transfer ability within the direct ethanol fuel cell framework. The catalyst nanoparticles are found to be in the size range 4–5 nm, as revealed from structure and morphology studies. Ion chromatographic analysis quantifies the reaction intermediates, acetate and carbonate, to the extent of 366 and 251 ppm using 1 M ethanol solution, while a low yield of H₂O₂ is a testament to the major utility of the combinatorial approach in the ORR. The studies involved morphology determined through electron microscopy and electrochemical characterization with the help of potentiodynamic polarization and RDE-RRDE techniques. The catalytic preeminence of the nanostructured PtPd/PPy-Fe₃O₄ was manifested by the facile electrode kinetics at the anode and cathode, the low yield of H₂O₂ in the ORR, and the appreciable power density output of 47.65 mW/cm² of the complete cell bearing enormous mass activity for both the EOR and ORR. This novel attempt of introducing the single robust catalyst at both ends ensures better catalyst utilization, imparts affordability, and avoids carbon corrosion in the fuel cell environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":"7 23","pages":"10950–10959 10950–10959"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142843244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfur Speciation in Li–S Batteries Determined by Operando Laboratory X-ray Emission Spectroscopy","authors":"Ava Rajh*,&nbsp;Alen Vizintin,&nbsp;Joanna Hoszowska,&nbsp;Robert Dominko and Matjaž Kavčič*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.4c0233010.1021/acsaem.4c02330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c02330https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c02330","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this work, <i>operando</i> sulfur X-ray emission measurements on a Li–S battery cathode were performed using a laboratory setup as an alternative to more common synchrotron radiation based absorption studies. Photoexcitation by an X-ray tube was used. Valence-to-core Kβ X-ray emission spectra were recorded with a wavelength dispersive crystal spectrometer in von Hamos geometry, providing excellent energy resolution and good detection efficiency. The setup was used to record <i>ex situ</i> S Kβ emission spectra from S cathodes from the Li–S battery and also under <i>operando</i> conditions. Average S oxidation state within the battery cathode during battery cycling was determined from the shape of the Kβ emission spectra. A more detailed S species characterization was performed by fitting a linear combination of previously measured laboratory synthesized standards to the measured spectra. Relative amounts of different S species in the cathode were determined during the cycling of the Li–S battery. The main advantage of X-ray emission spectroscopy is that it can be performed on concentrated samples with S loading comparable to a real battery. The approach shows great promise for routine laboratory analysis of electrochemical processes in Li–S batteries and other sulfur-based systems under <i>operando</i> conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":"7 23","pages":"11135–11143 11135–11143"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsaem.4c02330","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142843247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}