ACS Applied Energy Materials最新文献

{"title":"Turning Adversity into Advantage: Investigating the Capacity Decay Mode of Carboxylate Functionalized-Anthraquinone in Organic Redox Flow Batteries","authors":"Richa Gupta, Kothandaraman Ramanujam","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.4c01123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c01123","url":null,"abstract":"Organic redox-molecule-based flow batteries (ORFB) are considered a potential alternative to the inorganic counterparts in flow battery systems as, technically speaking, organic materials are ubiquitous and can be synthesized anywhere. Nevertheless, they were also known to degrade in a multitude of ways in flow battery ambience. In this study, 4,4′-((9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-1,5-diyl)bis(oxy))dibutyric acid (1,5-DCAQ) is used as an anolyte in alkaline media. As carboxylate interacts intramolecularly with the carbonyl group of 1,5-DCAQ, the aromatic portion of the molecule exhibits an association with the Nafion membrane separator through lipophilic interaction, causing capacity decay of the cell. We have modified this curse into a boon by functionalizing the thermally activated graphite felt anode with the Nafion ionomer, thereby retaining the redox molecule around the electrode instead of the membrane, achieving 99.9% of theoretical capacity and 95% Coulombic efficiency at 15 mA cm^–2 current density. As this molecule exhibits a solubility of 0.5 M, the system with suitable optimization is expected to deliver a solubility of up to 26.8 Ah L^–1.","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BaZr(Ce,Y)O3-Pr-Doped CeO2 Double Columnar for the Cathodic Functional Layer of Ni–Fe Metal-Supported Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells","authors":"Hyo-Young Kim,&nbsp;Motonori Watanabe,&nbsp;Jun Tae Song,&nbsp;Miki Inada and Tatsumi Ishihara*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.4c0152910.1021/acsaem.4c01529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c01529https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c01529","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Metal-supported protonic ceramic fuel cells were prepared, and the effects of a double columnar layer at the cathode side of BaZr_0.44Ce_0.36Y_0.2O₃ (BZCY) on power density and open-circuit voltage (OCV) were studied. The double columnar structure of Pr_0.2Ce_0.8O₂ (PrDC) and BZCY was prepared with pulsed laser deposition. It was found that the insertion of the double columnar layer was highly effective for increasing the power density and OCV. The optimum composition of the double columnar was BZCY:PrDC = 7:3, with a thickness of 200 nm. The power density of PCFCs with the BZCY-PrDC double columnar reached 413 mW/cm², and the OCV was approximately 1.05 V at 873 K, which is six times higher than that of a cell without a functional layer. The high power density of the cell was attributed to the decreased overpotential of the cathode. Therefore, the BZCY-PrDC double columnar layer is effective in expanding the reaction site by increasing the proton concentration at the cathodic interface.</p>","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142276169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstruction of LiF-Rich Interfaces through a Lithium Formate Additive for Anode-Free Lithium Metal Batteries","authors":"Jin Ren, Shuhao Zhang, Min Niu, Yueyao Dong, Lu Liang, Shengtao Zhang, Li Li Zhao, Liwei Dong, Chunhui Yang, Jia-Yan Liang","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.4c01510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c01510","url":null,"abstract":"Anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) offer high energy density and enhanced safety due to no excess lithium (Li) in the anode. Nevertheless, Li dendrite growth and dead Li formation rapidly consume the limited active Li in AFLMBs, resulting in a low Coulombic efficiency (CE) and accelerated battery capacity deterioration. Herein, a Li reservoir is established by incorporating lithium formate (CHLiO₂) into both the cathode and anode as a Li salt additive for interface reconstruction, which improves the cycling stability of AFLMBs. Density functional theory calculation confirms that CHLiO₂ exhibits relatively lower lowest unoccupied molecule orbital (LUMO) energies and higher highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies compared to the carbonate electrolyte solvents. The integration of CHLiO₂ significantly promotes the reconstruction of LiF-rich interfaces and effectively prevents continuous electrolyte decomposition, which contributes to uniform Li deposition and suppresses active Li consumption. After the introduction of the CHLiO₂ additive, the Cu||NCM811 cell retains an average CE of 97.3% during 40 cycles. This study provides a simple yet effective methodology to supply an extra Li source and reconstruct LiF-rich interfaces for extending the cycling life of AFLMBs.","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composite Anode for PEM Water Electrolyzers: Lowering Iridium Loadings and Reducing Material Costs with a Conductive Additive","authors":"Kara J. Ferner, Shawn Litster","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.4c01866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c01866","url":null,"abstract":"To enable the greater installed capacity of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) for clean hydrogen production, associated costs must be lowered while achieving high current density performance and durability. Scarce and expensive iridium (Ir) required for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a large contributor to the overall cost, yet high loadings of Ir (1–2 mg_Ir cm^–2) are currently needed in commercial systems to maintain sufficient activity, conductivity, and durability. To meet the aggressive targets for low Ir loadings, we introduce a composite anode approach using a conductive additive that is less expensive than Ir to facilitate robust, high-performance operation with low Ir loading by retaining electrode thickness and in-plane electrical conductivity. In this demonstration, we use platinum (Pt) black as the conductive additive given its high electrical conductivity, acid stability, and current price one-fifth that of Ir. Using a high-activity commercial Ir oxide (IrO<i>_x</i>) catalyst, we present a 95% Ir loading reduction and 80% cost reduction of the anode catalyst materials while maintaining equal current density performance at a cell voltage of 1.8 V. Furthermore, we show enhanced stability of a composite anode compared to an IrO<i>_x</i> anode with loadings of 0.10 mg_Ir cm^–2 via accelerated stress test (AST) and postmortem imaging. With this approach, we show promising results toward lowering Ir loadings and material costs, addressing a significant barrier to the widespread adoption of PEMWE for clean hydrogen production.","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstruction of LiF-Rich Interfaces through a Lithium Formate Additive for Anode-Free Lithium Metal Batteries","authors":"Jin Ren,&nbsp;Shuhao Zhang,&nbsp;Min Niu,&nbsp;Yueyao Dong,&nbsp;Lu Liang,&nbsp;Shengtao Zhang,&nbsp;Li Li Zhao,&nbsp;Liwei Dong*,&nbsp;Chunhui Yang and Jia-Yan Liang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.4c0151010.1021/acsaem.4c01510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c01510https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c01510","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) offer high energy density and enhanced safety due to no excess lithium (Li) in the anode. Nevertheless, Li dendrite growth and dead Li formation rapidly consume the limited active Li in AFLMBs, resulting in a low Coulombic efficiency (CE) and accelerated battery capacity deterioration. Herein, a Li reservoir is established by incorporating lithium formate (CHLiO₂) into both the cathode and anode as a Li salt additive for interface reconstruction, which improves the cycling stability of AFLMBs. Density functional theory calculation confirms that CHLiO₂ exhibits relatively lower lowest unoccupied molecule orbital (LUMO) energies and higher highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies compared to the carbonate electrolyte solvents. The integration of CHLiO₂ significantly promotes the reconstruction of LiF-rich interfaces and effectively prevents continuous electrolyte decomposition, which contributes to uniform Li deposition and suppresses active Li consumption. After the introduction of the CHLiO₂ additive, the Cu||NCM811 cell retains an average CE of 97.3% during 40 cycles. This study provides a simple yet effective methodology to supply an extra Li source and reconstruct LiF-rich interfaces for extending the cycling life of AFLMBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142276398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composite Anode for PEM Water Electrolyzers: Lowering Iridium Loadings and Reducing Material Costs with a Conductive Additive","authors":"Kara J. Ferner,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Shawn Litster*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.4c0186610.1021/acsaem.4c01866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c01866https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c01866","url":null,"abstract":"<p >To enable the greater installed capacity of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) for clean hydrogen production, associated costs must be lowered while achieving high current density performance and durability. Scarce and expensive iridium (Ir) required for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a large contributor to the overall cost, yet high loadings of Ir (1–2 mg_Ir cm^–2) are currently needed in commercial systems to maintain sufficient activity, conductivity, and durability. To meet the aggressive targets for low Ir loadings, we introduce a composite anode approach using a conductive additive that is less expensive than Ir to facilitate robust, high-performance operation with low Ir loading by retaining electrode thickness and in-plane electrical conductivity. In this demonstration, we use platinum (Pt) black as the conductive additive given its high electrical conductivity, acid stability, and current price one-fifth that of Ir. Using a high-activity commercial Ir oxide (IrO<i>_x</i>) catalyst, we present a 95% Ir loading reduction and 80% cost reduction of the anode catalyst materials while maintaining equal current density performance at a cell voltage of 1.8 V. Furthermore, we show enhanced stability of a composite anode compared to an IrO<i>_x</i> anode with loadings of 0.10 mg_Ir cm^–2 via accelerated stress test (AST) and postmortem imaging. With this approach, we show promising results toward lowering Ir loadings and material costs, addressing a significant barrier to the widespread adoption of PEMWE for clean hydrogen production.</p>","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsaem.4c01866","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142276196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of a 2D Borophene-Graphene Composite Embedded in a 3D Porous Hydrogel for Flexible Solid-State Supercapacitors with High Energy Density","authors":"Om Priya Nanda, Chang Yi Kong, Sushmee Badhulika","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.4c01437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c01437","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible solid-state supercapacitors play a crucial role in meeting the energy storage demands of modern electronics, particularly, portable and wearable devices. This work reports a 2D borophene and graphene composite (BG)-based hydrogel as a high-performance solid-state symmetric supercapacitor. The BG is synthesized via a cost-effective microwave synthesis technique resulting in a distinctive 3D nanosponge-like surface morphology confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Subsequently, through lyophilization, it yields an interconnected, large surface area, porous structure of the borophene-graphene hydrogel (BGH). The BGH demonstrates a specific capacitance of 455.1 F/g at 1 A/g within a potential window of −1 to 0 V with an aqueous KOH electrolyte. Furthermore, a flexible solid-state symmetric supercapacitor device is constructed using BGH electrodes sandwiched between gel-coated electrolytes comprising poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). This BGH/PVA-KOH/BGH device delivers a high energy density of 36.77 Wh/kg and a power density of 585.5 W/kg at a current density of 0.5 A/g within a 1.25 V voltage window. Impressively, the device remains highly effective even when bent at a 45° angle, demonstrating excellent mechanical resilience. It also retains 80.8% of its capacitance over 20,000 cycles, highlighting its durability for flexible applications. The excellent performance of the BGH can be accredited to borophene’s outstanding electronic properties in conjunction with graphene’s conductivity and mechanical strength. This synergy results in superior conductivity and mechanical resilience with a reduced risk of degradation, rendering it ideal for flexible energy storage devices. This study marks significant progress in energy storage technology with potential applications in wearable electronics, smart packaging, and low-power sensor systems.","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of a 2D Borophene-Graphene Composite Embedded in a 3D Porous Hydrogel for Flexible Solid-State Supercapacitors with High Energy Density","authors":"Om Priya Nanda,&nbsp;Chang Yi Kong and Sushmee Badhulika*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.4c0143710.1021/acsaem.4c01437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c01437https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c01437","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Flexible solid-state supercapacitors play a crucial role in meeting the energy storage demands of modern electronics, particularly, portable and wearable devices. This work reports a 2D borophene and graphene composite (BG)-based hydrogel as a high-performance solid-state symmetric supercapacitor. The BG is synthesized via a cost-effective microwave synthesis technique resulting in a distinctive 3D nanosponge-like surface morphology confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Subsequently, through lyophilization, it yields an interconnected, large surface area, porous structure of the borophene-graphene hydrogel (BGH). The BGH demonstrates a specific capacitance of 455.1 F/g at 1 A/g within a potential window of −1 to 0 V with an aqueous KOH electrolyte. Furthermore, a flexible solid-state symmetric supercapacitor device is constructed using BGH electrodes sandwiched between gel-coated electrolytes comprising poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). This BGH/PVA-KOH/BGH device delivers a high energy density of 36.77 Wh/kg and a power density of 585.5 W/kg at a current density of 0.5 A/g within a 1.25 V voltage window. Impressively, the device remains highly effective even when bent at a 45° angle, demonstrating excellent mechanical resilience. It also retains 80.8% of its capacitance over 20,000 cycles, highlighting its durability for flexible applications. The excellent performance of the BGH can be accredited to borophene’s outstanding electronic properties in conjunction with graphene’s conductivity and mechanical strength. This synergy results in superior conductivity and mechanical resilience with a reduced risk of degradation, rendering it ideal for flexible energy storage devices. This study marks significant progress in energy storage technology with potential applications in wearable electronics, smart packaging, and low-power sensor systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142276348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Photovoltaic Performance of Nonhalogenated Solvent-Processed All-Polymer Solar Cells via a Layer-by-Layer Strategy","authors":"Mengyuan Ma, Bo Du, Panpan Zhang, Shangrong Wu, Haijun Bin, Yongfang Li","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.4c01916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c01916","url":null,"abstract":"All-polymer solar cells (APSCs) have gained significant attention due to their superior device stability and mechanical robustness. Realizing state-of-the-art efficiencies in APSCs generally relies on using halogenated solvent processing to achieve the desired morphology. However, these solvents pose potential risks to human health and the environment. Nonhalogenated solvents, which are relatively less toxic, exhibit limited solubility for conjugated polymer materials with long molecular chains, resulting in difficulties in forming ordered molecule packing and uniformly blending films due to the high viscosity of the solution. Thus, the performances of APSCs processed with nonhalogenated solvents still are lagging. Herein, employing an all-polymer system with PM6 as the donor and PY-IT as the acceptor, we implemented a layer-by-layer (LBL) strategy using high-boiling-point <i>o</i>-xylene and toluene to dissolve and cast the donor and acceptor, respectively. This approach enhanced the film formation by optimizing the solution viscosity and preventing mutual entanglement among the polymer chains. By selection of a suitable solvent for PY-IT, erosion of the PM6 film was inhibited, thereby achieving an ideal vertical distribution in the active layer. Consequently, the LBL device achieved an efficient power conversion efficiency of 16.6%, surpassing that of bulk-heterojunction devices. This study demonstrated that the LBL strategy is a viable method to improve the performance of nonhalogenated solvent-processed APSCs.","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Visualization of F-Ion Diffusion Pathways and Geometric Frustration-Induced Positional Disorder in CaF2–BaF2 Solid Electrolytes","authors":"Kazuhiro Mori, Kazuyuki Sato, Takafumi Ogawa, Akihide Kuwabara, Seungyub Song, Takashi Saito, Toshiharu Fukunaga, Takeshi Abe","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.4c01278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c01278","url":null,"abstract":"Metastable CaF₂–BaF₂ compounds synthesized via high-energy ball milling or using thermal plasma are promising candidates for the fluoride-ion conducting solid electrolytes of all-solid-state fluoride batteries. The ionic conductivity of (CaF₂)_<i>x</i>(BaF₂)_1–<i>x</i> with <i>x</i> ≈ 0.5 is over 5 orders of magnitude greater than those of CaF₂ and BaF₂. However, the transport mechanism of fluoride ions in (CaF₂)_<i>x</i>(BaF₂)_1–<i>x</i> materials has not yet been fully elucidated. Herein, we have determined the conduction pathways of fluoride ions and local atomic configurations for (CaF₂)_0.48(BaF₂)_0.52 via a neutron diffraction analysis. Among various (CaF₂)_<i>x</i>(BaF₂)_1–<i>x</i> samples, (CaF₂)_0.48(BaF₂)_0.52 exhibits the highest conductivity and lower activation energy. The “–F1–□_F–F1–” diffusion pathways of fluoride ions are identified via Rietveld refinement and a maximum entropy method, where F1 indicates a regular site for a fluoride ion (i.e., the (1/4, 1/4, 1/4) atomic position) within the <i>T</i>-unit composed of four Ca and/or Ba atoms, and the □_F interstitial site is located at an off-center position in the <i>O</i>-unit composed of six Ca and/or Ba atoms. Moreover, reverse Monte Carlo modeling conducted using an atomic pair distribution function reveals the existence of geometric frustration-induced positional disorder with respect to Ca, Ba, and F atoms even at 150 K, which increases the mobility of fluoride ions in the “–F1–□_F–F1–” diffusion pathways. The findings of this work may facilitate the development of solid electrolytes for next-generation all-solid-state rechargeable batteries with large-scale applications such as electric vehicles and residential energy storage systems.","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}