Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society最新文献

{"title":"Alzheimer disease biomarkers are associated with decline in subjective memory, attention, and spatial navigation ability in clinically normal adults.","authors":"Taylor F Levine, Steven J Dessenberger, Samantha L Allison, Denise Head","doi":"10.1017/S135561772300070X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S135561772300070X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Subtle changes in memory, attention, and spatial navigation abilities have been associated with preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD). The current study examined whether baseline AD biomarkers are associated with self- and informant-reported decline in memory, attention, and spatial navigation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Clinically normal (Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR®) = 0) adults aged 56-93 (<i>N</i> = 320) and their informants completed the memory, divided attention, and visuospatial abilities (which assesses spatial navigation) subsections of the Everyday Cognition Scale (ECog) annually for an average of 4 years. Biomarker data was collected within (±) 2 years of baseline (i.e., cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) p-tau₁₈₁/Aβ₄₂ ratio and hippocampal volume). Clinical progression was defined as CDR > 0 at time of final available ECog.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Self- and informant-reported memory, attention, and spatial navigation significantly declined over time (<i>p</i>s < .001). Baseline AD biomarkers were significantly associated with self- and informant-reported decline in cognitive ability (<i>p</i>s < .030), with the exception of p-tau₁₈₁/Aβ₄₂ ratio and self-reported attention (<i>p</i> = .364). Clinical progression did not significantly moderate the relationship between AD biomarkers and decline in self- or informant-reported cognitive ability (<i>p</i>s > .062). Post-hoc analyses indicated that biomarker burden was also associated with self- and informant-reported decline in total ECog (<i>p</i>s < .002), and again clinical progression did not significantly moderate these relationships (<i>p</i>s > .299).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AD biomarkers at baseline may indicate risk of decline in self- and informant-reported change in memory, attention, and spatial navigation ability. As such, subjectively reported decline in these domains may have clinical utility in tracking the subtle cognitive changes associated with the earliest stages of AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"313-327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138446808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of facial biofeedback on hypomimia, emotion recognition, and affect in Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Sarah Roßkopf, Theresa Friederike Wechsler, Stefanie Tucha, Andreas Mühlberger","doi":"10.1017/S1355617723000747","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617723000747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Facial expressions are a core component of emotions and nonverbal social communication. Therefore, hypomimia as secondary symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) has adverse effects like social impairment, stigmatization, under-diagnosis and under-treatment of depression, and a generally lower quality of life. Beside unspecific dopaminergic treatment, specific treatment options for hypomimia in PD are rarely investigated. This quasi-randomized controlled trial evaluated the short-term effects of facial electromyogram (EMG) based biofeedback to enhance facial expression and emotion recognition as nonverbal social communication skills in PD patients. Furthermore effects on affect are examined.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A sample of 34 in-patients with PD were allocated either to facial EMG-biofeedback as experimental group or non-facial exercises as control group. Facial expression during posing of emotions (measured via EMG), facial emotion recognition, and positive and negative affect were assessed before and after treatment. Stronger improvements were expected in the EMG-biofeedback in comparison to the control group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The facial EMG-biofeedback group showed significantly greater improvements in overall facial expression, and especially for happiness and disgust. Also, overall facial emotion recognition abilities improved significantly stronger in the experimental group. Positive affect was significantly increased in both groups with no significant differences between them, while negative affect did not change within both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study provides promising evidence for facial EMG-biofeedback as a tool to improve facial expression and emotion recognition in PD. Embodiment theories are discussed as working mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"360-369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138452966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved intraindividual variability in cognitive performance following cognitive and exercise training in older adults.","authors":"Nárlon C Boa Sorte Silva, Lisanne F Ten Brinke, Allison A M Bielak, Todd C Handy, Teresa Liu-Ambrose","doi":"10.1017/S1355617723000577","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617723000577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Increased intraindividual variability (IIV) of cognitive performance is a marker of cognitive decline in older adults. Whether computerized cognitive training (CCT) and aerobic exercise counteracts cognitive decline by reducing IIV is unknown. We investigated the effects of CCT with or without aerobic exercise on IIV in older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a secondary analysis of an 8-week randomized controlled trial. Older adults (aged 65-85 years) were randomized to CCT alone (<i>n</i> = 41), CCT with aerobic exercise (<i>n</i> = 41), or an active control group (<i>n</i> = 42). The CCT group trained using the Fit Brains® platform 3×/week for 1 hr (plus 3×/week of home-based training). The CCT with aerobic exercise group received 15 min of walking plus 45 min of Fit Brains® 3×/week (plus 3×/week of home-based training). The control group received sham exercise and cognitive training (3×/week for 1 hr). We computed reaction time IIV from the Dimensional Change Card Sort Test, Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test (Flanker), and Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test (PACPS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the control group, IIV reduced in a processing speed task (PACPS) following CCT alone (mean difference [95% confidence interval]: -0.144 [-0.255 to -0.034], <i>p</i> < 0.01) and CCT with aerobic exercise (-0.113 [-0.225 to -0.001], <i>p</i> < 0.05). Attention (Flanker congruent) IIV was reduced only after CCT with aerobic exercise (-0.130 [-0.242 to -0.017], <i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A CCT program promoted cognitive health via reductions in IIV of cognitive performance and combining it with aerobic exercise may result in broader benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"328-338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49684298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a nonverbal consensus-based semantic memory paradigm in patients with epilepsy","authors":"Edwina B. Tran, Jet M.J. Vonk, Kaitlin Casaletto, Da Zhang, Raphael Christin, Siddharth Marathe, Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini, Edward F. Chang, Jonathan K. Kleen","doi":"10.1017/s1355617724000158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617724000158","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Brain areas implicated in semantic memory can be damaged in patients with epilepsy (PWE). However, it is challenging to delineate semantic processing deficits from acoustic, linguistic, and other verbal aspects in current neuropsychological assessments. We developed a new Visual-based Semantic Association Task (ViSAT) to evaluate nonverbal semantic processing in PWE. Method: The ViSAT was adapted from similar predecessors (Pyramids &amp; Palm Trees test, PPT; Camels &amp; Cactus Test, CCT) comprised of 100 unique trials using real-life color pictures that avoid demographic, cultural, and other potential confounds. We obtained performance data from 23 PWE participants and 24 control participants (Control), along with crowdsourced normative data from 54 Amazon Mechanical Turk (Mturk) workers. Results: ViSAT reached a consensus &gt;90% in 91.3% of trials compared to 83.6% in PPT and 82.9% in CCT. A deep learning model demonstrated that visual features of the stimulus images (color, shape; i.e., non-semantic) did not influence top answer choices (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.577). The PWE group had lower accuracy than the Control group (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.019). PWE had longer response times than the Control group in general and this was augmented for the semantic processing (trial answer) stage (both <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: This study demonstrated performance impairments in PWE that may reflect dysfunction of nonverbal semantic memory circuits, such as seizure onset zones overlapping with key semantic regions (e.g., anterior temporal lobe). The ViSAT paradigm avoids confounds, is repeatable/longitudinal, captures behavioral data, and is open-source, thus we propose it as a strong alternative for clinical and research assessment of nonverbal semantic memory.","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140562106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery trajectories of IQ after pediatric TBI: A latent class growth modeling analysis.","authors":"Megan E Narad, Julia Smith-Paine, Amy Cassedy, Elizabeth LeBlond, H Gerry Taylor, Keith Owen Yeates, Shari L Wade","doi":"10.1017/S1355617723000462","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617723000462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify latent trajectories of IQ over time after pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) and examine the predictive value of risk factors within and across recovery trajectories.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>206 children ages 3-7 years at injury were included: 87 TBI (23 severe, 21 moderate, 43 complicated mild) and 119 orthopedic injury (OI). We administered intelligence tests shortly after injury (1½ months), 12 months, and 6.8 years postinjury. Latent class growth modeling was used to identify latent subgroups. Separate models examined verbal and nonverbal IQ recovery trajectories following TBI versus OI. Variables included: age at injury, sex, race, socioeconomic status, injury severity, quality of the home environment, family functioning, and parenting style.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both the TBI and OI analyses yielded different growth models for nonverbal (<i>k</i> = 3) and verbal IQ (<i>k</i> = 3). Although all models resulted in 3 latent classes (below average, average, and aboveaverage performance); trajectory shapes, contributors to class membership, and performance within each class varied by injury group and IQ domain. TBI severity was associated with class membership for nonverbal IQ, with less severe injuries associated with higher IQ scores; however, TBI severity did not influence verbal IQ class membership. Parenting style had a more prominent effect on verbal and nonverbal IQ within the TBI than OI trajectories.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest TBI severity is related to recovery trajectories for nonverbal but not verbal IQ and parenting style has stronger effects on recovery in TBI than OI. Results highlight the importance of parental factors on long-term recovery after TBI.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"273-284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10051670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical utility of self- and informant-reported memory, attention, and spatial navigation in detecting biomarkers associated with Alzheimer disease in clinically normal adults.","authors":"Taylor F Levine, Samantha L Allison, Steven J Dessenberger, Denise Head","doi":"10.1017/S1355617723000528","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617723000528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD) has been associated with subtle changes in memory, attention, and spatial navigation abilities. The current study examined whether self- and informant-reported domain-specific cognitive changes are sensitive to AD-associated biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Clinically normal adults aged 56-93 and their informants completed the memory, divided attention, and visuospatial abilities (which assesses spatial navigation) subsections of the Everyday Cognition Scale (ECog). Reliability and validity of these subsections were examined using Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis. Logistic regression was used to examine the ability of ECog subsections to predict AD-related biomarkers (cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ptau₁₈₁/Aβ₄₂ ratio (<i>N</i> = 371) or hippocampal volume (<i>N</i> = 313)). Hierarchical logistic regression was used to examine whether the self-reported subsections continued to predict biomarkers when controlling for depressive symptomatology if available (<i>N</i> = 197). Additionally, logistic regression was used to examine the ability of neuropsychological composites assessing the same or similar cognitive domains as the subsections (memory, executive function, and visuospatial abilities) to predict biomarkers to allow for comparison of the predictive ability of subjective and objective measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All subsections demonstrated appropriate reliability and validity. Self-reported memory (with outliers removed) was the only significant predictor of AD biomarker positivity (i.e., CSF ptau₁₈₁/Aβ₄₂ ratio; <i>p</i> = .018) but was not significant when examined in the subsample with depressive symptomatology available (<i>p</i> = .517). Self-reported memory (with outliers removed) was a significant predictor of CSF ptau₁₈₁/Aβ₄₂ ratio biomarker positivity when the objective memory composite was included in the model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ECog subsections were not robust predictors of AD biomarker positivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"232-243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10467210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-reported mid- to late-life physical and recreational activities: Associations with late-life cognition.","authors":"Brandon E Gavett, Keith F Widaman, Cathryn McKenzie, Fransia S De Leon, Evan Fletcher, Sarah Tomaszewski Farias, Dan Mungas","doi":"10.1017/S1355617723000553","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617723000553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Physical and recreational activities are behaviors that may modify risk of late-life cognitive decline. We sought to examine the role of retrospectively self-reported midlife (age 40) physical and recreational activity engagement - and self-reported change in these activities from age 40 to initial study visit - in predicting late-life cognition.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data were obtained from 898 participants in a longitudinal study of cognitive aging in demographically and cognitively diverse older adults (Age: range = 49-93 years, <i>M</i> = 75, SD = 7.19). Self-reported physical and recreational activity participation at age 40 and at the initial study visit were quantified using the Life Experiences Assessment Form. Change in activities was modeled using latent change scores. Cognitive outcomes were obtained annually (range = 2-17 years) using the Spanish and English Neuropsychological Assessment Scales, which measure verbal episodic memory, semantic memory, visuospatial processing, and executive functioning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Physical activity engagement at age 40 was strongly associated with cognitive performance in all four domains at the initial visit and with global cognitive slope. However, change in physical activities after age 40 was not associated with cognitive outcomes. In contrast, recreational activity engagement - both at age 40 and change after 40 - was predictive of cognitive intercepts and slope.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Retrospectively self-reported midlife physical and recreational activity engagement were strongly associated with late-life cognition - both level of performance and rate of future decline. However, the data suggest that maintenance of recreational activity engagement (e.g., writing, taking classes, reading) after age 40 is more strongly associated with late-life cognition than continued maintenance of physical activity levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"209-219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10922209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10652954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the development of cognitive reserve in children: A residual index approach.","authors":"Zubin A Irani, Andrew M C Sheridan, Timothy J Silk, Vicki Anderson, Michael Weinborn, Brandon E Gavett","doi":"10.1017/S135561772300053X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S135561772300053X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To model cognitive reserve (CR) longitudinally in a neurodiverse pediatric sample using a residual index approach, and to test the criterion and construct validity of this index.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were <i>N</i> = 115 children aged 9.5-13 years at baseline (<i>M</i>_Age = 10.48 years, <i>SD</i>_Age = 0.61), and <i>n</i> = 43 (37.4%) met criteria for ADHD. The CR index represented variance in Matrix Reasoning scores from the WASI that was unexplained by MRI-based brain variables (bilateral hippocampal volumes, total gray matter volumes, and total white matter hypointensity volumes) or demographics (age and sex).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, the CR index predicted math computation ability (estimate = 0.50, <i>SE</i> = 0.07, <i>p</i> < .001), and word reading ability (estimate = 0.26, <i>SE</i> = 0.10, <i>p</i> = .012). Longitudinally, change in CR over time was not associated with change in math computation ability (estimate = -0.02, <i>SE</i> = 0.03, <i>p</i> < .513), but did predict change in word reading ability (estimate = 0.10, <i>SE</i> = 0.03, <i>p</i> < .001). Change in CR was also found to moderate the relationship between change in word reading ability and white matter hypointensity volume (estimate = 0.10, <i>SE</i> = 0.05, <i>p = .</i>045).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Evidence for the criterion validity of this CR index is encouraging, but somewhat mixed, while construct validity was evidenced through interaction between CR, brain, and word reading ability. Future research would benefit from optimization of the CR index through careful selection of brain variables for a pediatric sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"264-272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10152014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting cognitive decline in high-functioning older adults: The relationship between subjective cognitive concerns, frequency of high neuropsychological test scores, and the frontoparietal control network.","authors":"Justin E Karr, Jonathan G Hakun, Daniel B Elbich, Cristina N Pinheiro, Frederick A Schmitt, Suzanne C Segerstrom","doi":"10.1017/S1355617723000607","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617723000607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Neuropsychologists have difficulty detecting cognitive decline in high-functioning older adults because greater neurological change must occur before cognitive performances are low enough to indicate decline or impairment. For high-functioning older adults, early neurological changes may correspond with subjective cognitive concerns and an absence of high scores. This study compared high-functioning older adults with and without subjective cognitive concerns, hypothesizing those with cognitive concerns would have fewer high scores on neuropsychological testing and lower frontoparietal network volume, thickness, and connectivity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants had high estimated premorbid functioning (e.g., estimated intelligence ≥75th percentile or college-educated) and were divided based on subjective cognitive concerns. Participants with cognitive concerns (<i>n</i> = 35; 74.0 ± 9.6 years old, 62.9% female, 94.3% White) and without cognitive concerns (<i>n</i> = 33; 71.2 ± 7.1 years old, 75.8% female, 100% White) completed a neuropsychological battery of memory and executive function tests and underwent structural and resting-state magnetic resonance imaging, calculating frontoparietal network volume, thickness, and connectivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with and without cognitive concerns had comparable numbers of low test scores (≤16th percentile), <i>p</i> = .103, <i>d</i> = .40. Participants with cognitive concerns had fewer high scores (≥75th percentile), <i>p</i> = .004, <i>d</i> = .71, and lower mean frontoparietal network volumes (left: <i>p</i> = .004, <i>d</i> = .74; right: <i>p</i> = .011, <i>d</i> = .66) and cortical thickness (left: <i>p</i> = .010, <i>d</i> = .66; right: <i>p</i> = .033, <i>d</i> = .54), but did not differ in network connectivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among high-functioning older adults, subjective cognitive decline may correspond with an absence of high scores on neuropsychological testing and underlying changes in the frontoparietal network that would not be detected by a traditional focus on low cognitive test scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"220-231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10922091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41157450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purpose in life and cognitive performance and informant ratings of cognitive decline, affect, and activities.","authors":"Angelina R Sutin, Martina Luchetti, Yannick Stephan, Antonio Terracciano","doi":"10.1017/S1355617723000516","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617723000516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine (1) the association between purpose in life and multiple domains of cognitive function and informant-rated cognitive decline, affect, and activities; (2) whether these associations are moderated by sociodemographic factors, cognitive impairment, or depression; (3) whether the associations are independent of other aspects of well-being and depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>As part of the 2016 Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol from the Health and Retirement Study, participants completed a battery of cognitive tests and nominated a knowledgeable informant to rate their cognitive decline, affect, and activities. Participants with information available on their purpose in life from the 2014/2016 Leave Behind Questionnaire were included in the analytic sample (<i>N</i> = 2,812).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Purpose in life was associated with better performance in every cognitive domain examined (episodic memory, speed-attention, visuospatial skills, language, numeric reasoning; median <i>β</i> =.10, <i>p</i> <.001; median <i>d</i> =.53). Purpose was likewise associated with informant-rated cognitive decline and informant-rated affective and activity profiles beneficial for cognitive health (median <i>β</i> =.18, <i>p</i> < .001; median <i>d</i> =.55). There was little evidence of moderation by sociodemographic or other factors (e.g., depression). Life satisfaction, optimism, positive affect, and mastery were generally associated with cognition. When tested simultaneously with each other and depressive symptoms, most dimensions were reduced to non-significance; purpose remained a significant predictor.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Purpose in life is associated with better performance across numerous domains of cognition and with emotional and behavioral patterns beneficial for cognitive health that are observable by knowledgeable others. These associations largely generalize across demographic and clinical groups and are independent of other aspects of well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"244-252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10884354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10048761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}