Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society最新文献

{"title":"Detecting cognitive decline in high-functioning older adults: The relationship between subjective cognitive concerns, frequency of high neuropsychological test scores, and the frontoparietal control network.","authors":"Justin E Karr, Jonathan G Hakun, Daniel B Elbich, Cristina N Pinheiro, Frederick A Schmitt, Suzanne C Segerstrom","doi":"10.1017/S1355617723000607","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617723000607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Neuropsychologists have difficulty detecting cognitive decline in high-functioning older adults because greater neurological change must occur before cognitive performances are low enough to indicate decline or impairment. For high-functioning older adults, early neurological changes may correspond with subjective cognitive concerns and an absence of high scores. This study compared high-functioning older adults with and without subjective cognitive concerns, hypothesizing those with cognitive concerns would have fewer high scores on neuropsychological testing and lower frontoparietal network volume, thickness, and connectivity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants had high estimated premorbid functioning (e.g., estimated intelligence ≥75th percentile or college-educated) and were divided based on subjective cognitive concerns. Participants with cognitive concerns (<i>n</i> = 35; 74.0 ± 9.6 years old, 62.9% female, 94.3% White) and without cognitive concerns (<i>n</i> = 33; 71.2 ± 7.1 years old, 75.8% female, 100% White) completed a neuropsychological battery of memory and executive function tests and underwent structural and resting-state magnetic resonance imaging, calculating frontoparietal network volume, thickness, and connectivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with and without cognitive concerns had comparable numbers of low test scores (≤16th percentile), <i>p</i> = .103, <i>d</i> = .40. Participants with cognitive concerns had fewer high scores (≥75th percentile), <i>p</i> = .004, <i>d</i> = .71, and lower mean frontoparietal network volumes (left: <i>p</i> = .004, <i>d</i> = .74; right: <i>p</i> = .011, <i>d</i> = .66) and cortical thickness (left: <i>p</i> = .010, <i>d</i> = .66; right: <i>p</i> = .033, <i>d</i> = .54), but did not differ in network connectivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among high-functioning older adults, subjective cognitive decline may correspond with an absence of high scores on neuropsychological testing and underlying changes in the frontoparietal network that would not be detected by a traditional focus on low cognitive test scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"220-231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10922091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41157450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purpose in life and cognitive performance and informant ratings of cognitive decline, affect, and activities.","authors":"Angelina R Sutin, Martina Luchetti, Yannick Stephan, Antonio Terracciano","doi":"10.1017/S1355617723000516","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617723000516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine (1) the association between purpose in life and multiple domains of cognitive function and informant-rated cognitive decline, affect, and activities; (2) whether these associations are moderated by sociodemographic factors, cognitive impairment, or depression; (3) whether the associations are independent of other aspects of well-being and depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>As part of the 2016 Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol from the Health and Retirement Study, participants completed a battery of cognitive tests and nominated a knowledgeable informant to rate their cognitive decline, affect, and activities. Participants with information available on their purpose in life from the 2014/2016 Leave Behind Questionnaire were included in the analytic sample (<i>N</i> = 2,812).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Purpose in life was associated with better performance in every cognitive domain examined (episodic memory, speed-attention, visuospatial skills, language, numeric reasoning; median <i>β</i> =.10, <i>p</i> <.001; median <i>d</i> =.53). Purpose was likewise associated with informant-rated cognitive decline and informant-rated affective and activity profiles beneficial for cognitive health (median <i>β</i> =.18, <i>p</i> < .001; median <i>d</i> =.55). There was little evidence of moderation by sociodemographic or other factors (e.g., depression). Life satisfaction, optimism, positive affect, and mastery were generally associated with cognition. When tested simultaneously with each other and depressive symptoms, most dimensions were reduced to non-significance; purpose remained a significant predictor.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Purpose in life is associated with better performance across numerous domains of cognition and with emotional and behavioral patterns beneficial for cognitive health that are observable by knowledgeable others. These associations largely generalize across demographic and clinical groups and are independent of other aspects of well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"244-252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10884354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10048761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of teleneuropsychological rehabilitation: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Elina Naamanka, Ilja Salakka, Minna Parkkila, Joona Hotti, Erja Poutiainen","doi":"10.1017/S1355617723000565","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617723000565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The effectiveness of neuropsychological rehabilitation is supported by the evidence found in previous reviews, but there is a lack of research regarding the effectiveness of remotely conducted neuropsychological rehabilitation. This review aimed to identify and evaluate the results of studies investigating the effectiveness of teleneuropsychological rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Relevant articles were extracted from electronic databases and filtered to include studies published in 2016 or later to focus on recent practices. Data were synthesized narratively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 14 randomized controlled studies were included in the synthesis (9 for children/adolescents, 5 for adults). The most common type of intervention was computerized cognitive training with regular remote contact with the therapist (seven studies). Regarding children and adolescents, the evidence for the effectiveness was found only for these types of interventions with improvements in cognitive outcomes. The results regarding the family-centered interventions were mixed with improvements only found in psychosocial outcomes. No support was found for the effectiveness of interventions combining cognitive and motor training. Regarding adults, all included studies offered support for the effectiveness, at least to some extent. There were improvements particularly in trained cognitive functions. Long-term effects of the interventions with generalization to global functioning remained somewhat unclear.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Remote interventions focused on computerized cognitive training are promising methods within teleneuropsychological rehabilitation. However, their impact on long-term meaningful, everyday functioning remained unclear. More research is needed to reliably assess the effectiveness of teleneuropsychological interventions, especially with more comprehensive approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"295-312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41174502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Cold</i> executive function processes and their <i>hot</i> analogs in schizotypy.","authors":"Penny Karamaouna, Chrysoula Zouraraki, Elias Economou, Konstantinos Kafetsios, Panos Bitsios, Stella G Giakoumaki","doi":"10.1017/S1355617723000590","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617723000590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine cold (based on logical reasoning) versus hot (having emotional components) executive function processes in groups with high individual schizotypal traits.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Two-hundred and forty-seven participants were administered the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire and were allocated into schizotypal (cognitive-perceptual, paranoid, negative, disorganized) or control groups according to pre-specified criteria. Participants were also administered a battery of tasks examining working memory, complex selective attention, response inhibition, decision-making and fluid intelligence and their affective counterparts. The outcome measures of each task were reduced to one composite variable thus formulating five cold and five hot cognitive domains. Between-group differences in the cognitive domains were examined with repeated measures analyses of covariance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For working memory, the control and the cognitive-perceptual groups outperformed negative schizotypes, while for affective working memory controls outperformed the disorganized group. Controls also scored higher compared with the disorganized group in complex selective attention, while both the control and the cognitive-perceptual groups outperformed negative schizotypes in complex affective selective attention. Negative schizotypes also had striking difficulties in response inhibition, as they scored lower compared with all other groups. Despite the lack of differences in fluid intelligence, controls scored higher compared with all schizotypal groups (except from cognitive-perceptual schizotypes) in emotional intelligence; the latter group reported higher emotional intelligence compared with negative schizotypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results indicate that there is no categorical association between the different schizotypal dimensions with solely cold or hot executive function processes and support impoverished emotional intelligence as a core feature of schizotypy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"285-294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41146253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms underlying the association between adverse childhood experiences and racial disparities in later-life cognition.","authors":"Sydney R Wilhoite, Afsara B Zaheed, Jordan D Palms, Emily P Morris, Ketlyne Sol, Alexa Martino, Laura B Zahodne","doi":"10.1017/S1355617723000474","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617723000474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may be a risk factor for later-life cognitive disorders such as dementia; however, few studies have investigated underlying mechanisms, such as cardiovascular health and depressive symptoms, in a health disparities framework.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>418 community-dwelling adults (50% nonHispanic Black, 50% nonHispanic White) aged 55+ from the Michigan Cognitive Aging Project retrospectively reported on nine ACEs. Baseline global cognition was a z-score composite of five factor scores from a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Cardiovascular health was operationalized through systolic blood pressure. A mediation model controlling for sociodemographics, childhood health, and childhood socioeconomic status estimated indirect effects of ACEs on global cognition via depressive symptoms and blood pressure. Racial differences were probed via t-tests and stratified models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A negative indirect effect of ACEs on cognition was observed through depressive symptoms [<i>β</i> = -.040, 95% CI (-.067, -.017)], but not blood pressure, for the whole sample. Black participants reported more ACEs (Cohen's <i>d</i> = .21), reported more depressive symptoms (Cohen's <i>d</i> = .35), higher blood pressure (Cohen's <i>d</i> = .41), and lower cognitive scores (Cohen's <i>d</i> = 1.35) compared to White participants. In stratified models, there was a negative indirect effect through depressive symptoms for Black participants [<i>β</i> = -.074, 95% CI (-.128, -.029)] but not for White participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results highlight the need to consider racially patterned contextual factors across the life course. Such factors could exacerbate the negative impact of ACEs and related mental health consequences and contribute to racial disparities in cognitive aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"253-263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11008525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10444465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hippocampal functional connectivity mediates the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive function in healthy young adults.","authors":"Junyeon Won, Daniel D Callow, Jeremy J Purcell, J Carson Smith","doi":"10.1017/S1355617723000498","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617723000498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) induces neuroprotective effects in the hippocampus, a key brain region for memory and learning. We investigated the association between CRF and functional connectivity (FC) of the hippocampus in healthy young adults. We also examined the association between hippocampal FC and neurocognitive function. Lastly, we tested whether hippocampal FC mediates the association between 2-Min Walk Test (2MWT) and neurocognitive function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>913 young adults (28.7 ± 3.7 years) from the Human Connectome Project were included in the analyses. The 2MWT performance result was used as a proxy for cardiovascular endurance. Fluid and crystalized composite neurocognitive scores were used to assess cognition. Resting-state functional MRI data were processed to measure hippocampal FC. Linear regression was used to examine the association between 2MWT, hippocampal FC, and neurocognitive outcomes after controlling for age, sex, years of education, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and gait speed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Better 2MWT performance was associated with greater FC between the anterior hippocampus and right posterior cingulate and left middle temporal gyrus. No associations between 2MWT and posterior hippocampal FC, whole hippocampal FC, and caudate FC (control region) were observed. Greater anterior hippocampal FC was associated with better crystalized cognition scores. Lastly, greater FC between the anterior hippocampus and right posterior cingulate mediated the association between better 2MWT scores and higher crystalized cognition scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Anterior hippocampal FC may be one underlying neurophysiological mechanism that promotes the association between 2MWT performance and crystalized composite cognitive function in healthy young adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"199-208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10113768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computerized adaptive test strategies for the matrix reasoning subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4th Edition (WAIS-IV).","authors":"Steven P Reise, Emily Wong, Jared Block, Keith F Widaman, Joseph M Gullett, Russell M Bauer, Daniel L Drane, David W Loring, Laura Glass Umfleet, Dustin Wahlstrom, Kristen Enriquez, Fiona Whelan, Stone Shih, Robert M Bilder","doi":"10.1017/S1355617723000401","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617723000401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Most neuropsychological tests were developed without the benefit of modern psychometric theory. We used item response theory (IRT) methods to determine whether a widely used test - the 26-item Matrix Reasoning subtest of the WAIS-IV - might be used more efficiently if it were administered using computerized adaptive testing (CAT).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data on the Matrix Reasoning subtest from 2197 participants enrolled in the National Neuropsychology Network (NNN) were analyzed using a two-parameter logistic (2PL) IRT model. Simulated CAT results were generated to examine optimal short forms using fixed-length CATs of 3, 6, and 12 items and scores were compared to the original full subtest score. CAT models further explored how many items were needed to achieve a selected precision of measurement (standard error ≤ .40).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The fixed-length CATs of 3, 6, and 12 items correlated well with full-length test results (with <i>r</i> = .90, .97 and .99, respectively). To achieve a standard error of .40 (approximate reliability = .84) only 3-7 items had to be administered for a large percentage of individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This proof-of-concept investigation suggests that the widely used Matrix Reasoning subtest of the WAIS-IV might be shortened by more than 70% in most examinees while maintaining acceptable measurement precision. If similar savings could be realized in other tests, the accessibility of neuropsychological assessment might be markedly enhanced, and more efficient time use could lead to broader subdomain assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"152-161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10878120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9846318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phonological fluency norms for Spanish middle-aged and older adults provided by the SCAND initiative (P, M, & R).","authors":"M L Delgado-Losada, S Rubio-Valdehita, R López-Higes, M Campos-Magdaleno, M Ávila-Villanueva, B Frades-Payo, C Lojo-Seoane","doi":"10.1017/S1355617723000309","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617723000309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Verbal fluency tests are quick and easy to administer neuropsychological measures and are regularly used in neuropsychological assessment. Additionally, phonological fluency is a widely used paradigm that is sensitive to cognitive impairment. This paper offers normative data of phonological verbal fluency (letters P, M, R) for Spanish middle- and older-aged adults, considering sociodemographic factors, and different measures such as the total number of words, errors (perseveration and intrusions), and 15 sec-segmented scores.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 1165 cognitively unimpaired participants aged between 50 and 89 years old, participated in the study. Data for P were obtained for all participants. Letters M and R were also administered to a subsample of participants (852) aged 60 to 89 years. In addition, errors and words produced every 15 seconds were collected in the subsample. To verify the effect of sociodemographic variables, linear regression was used. Adjustments were calculated for variables that explained at least 5% of the variance (<i>R</i>² ≥ .05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Means and standard deviations by age, scaled scores, and percentiles for all tests across different measures are shown. No determination coefficients equal to or greater than .05 were found for sex or age. The need to establish adjustments for the educational level was only found in some of the measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current norms provide clinically useful data to evaluate Spanish-speaking natives from Spain aged from 50 to 89 years. Specific patterns of cognitive impairment can be analyzed using these normative data and may be important in neuropsychological assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"172-182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9886830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stricker Learning Span criterion validity: a remote self-administered multi-device compatible digital word list memory measure shows similar ability to differentiate amyloid and tau PET-defined biomarker groups as in-person Auditory Verbal Learning Test.","authors":"Nikki H Stricker, John L Stricker, Ryan D Frank, Winnie Z Fan, Teresa J Christianson, Jay S Patel, Aimee J Karstens, Walter K Kremers, Mary M Machulda, Julie A Fields, Jonathan Graff-Radford, Clifford R Jack, David S Knopman, Michelle M Mielke, Ronald C Petersen","doi":"10.1017/S1355617723000322","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617723000322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Stricker Learning Span (SLS) is a computer-adaptive digital word list memory test specifically designed for remote assessment and self-administration on a web-based multi-device platform (Mayo Test Drive). We aimed to establish criterion validity of the SLS by comparing its ability to differentiate biomarker-defined groups to the person-administered Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants (<i>N</i> = 353; mean age = 71, SD = 11; 93% cognitively unimpaired [CU]) completed the AVLT during an in-person visit, the SLS remotely (within 3 months) and had brain amyloid and tau PET scans available (within 3 years). Overlapping groups were formed for 1) those on the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum (amyloid PET positive, A+, <i>n</i> = 125) or not (A-, <i>n</i> = 228), and those with biological AD (amyloid and tau PET positive, A+T+, <i>n</i> = 55) vs no evidence of AD pathology (A-T-, <i>n</i> = 195). Analyses were repeated among CU participants only.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SLS and AVLT showed similar ability to differentiate biomarker-defined groups when comparing AUROCs (<i>p</i>'s > .05). In logistic regression models, SLS contributed significantly to predicting biomarker group beyond age, education, and sex, including when limited to CU participants. Medium (A- vs A+) to large (A-T- vs A+T+) unadjusted effect sizes were observed for both SLS and AVLT. Learning and delay variables were similar in terms of ability to separate biomarker groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Remotely administered SLS performed similarly to in-person-administered AVLT in its ability to separate biomarker-defined groups, providing evidence of criterion validity. Results suggest the SLS may be sensitive to detecting subtle objective cognitive decline in preclinical AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"138-151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10756923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10131709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex significantly predicts medial temporal volume when controlling for the influence of ApoE4 biomarker and demographic variables: A cross-ethnic comparison.","authors":"Patricia Garcia, Lisandra Mendoza, Dilianna Padron, Andres Duarte, Ranjan Duara, David Loewenstein, Maria Greig-Custo, Warren Barker, Rosie Curiel, Monica Rosselli, Miriam Rodriguez","doi":"10.1017/S1355617723000358","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1355617723000358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the relationship between age, education, sex, and ApoE4 (+) status to brain volume among a cohort with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>One hundred and twenty-three participants were stratified into Hispanic (<i>n</i> = 75) and White non-Hispanic (WNH, <i>N</i> = 48). Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted with age, education, sex, and ApoE4 status as predictor variables and left and right combined MRI volumes of the hippocampus, parahippocampus, and entorhinal cortex as dependent variables. Variations in head sizes were corrected by normalization with a total intracranial volume measurement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bonferroni-corrected results indicated that when controlling for ApoE4 status, education, and age, sex was a significant predictor of hippocampal volume among the Hispanic group (<i>β</i> = .000464, <i>R</i>² = .196, <i>p < .01</i>) and the WNH group (<i>β</i> = .000455, <i>R</i>² = .195, <i>p < .05</i>). Education (<i>β</i> = .000028, <i>R</i>² = .168, <i>p < .01</i>) and sex (<i>β</i> = .000261, <i>R</i>² = .168, <i>p < .01</i>) were significant predictors of parahippocampal volume among the Hispanic MCI group when controlling for the effects of ApoE4 status and age. One-way ANCOVAs comparing hippocampal and parahippocampal volume between males and females within groups revealed that females had significantly larger hippocampal volumes (<i>p</i> < .05). Hispanic females had significantly larger hippocampal (<i>p</i> < .001) and parahippocampal (<i>p</i> < .05) volume compared to males. No sex differences in parahippocampal volume were noted among WNHs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Biological sex, rather than ApoE4 status, was a greater predictor of hippocampal volume among Hispanic and WNH females. These findings add to the mixed literature on sex differences in dementia research and highlight continued emphasis on ethnic populations to elucidate on neurodegenerative disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":49995,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","volume":" ","pages":"128-137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11057967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9696885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}