Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand最新文献

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in New Zealand: applications and innovation.","authors":"Bing Xue, Richard Green, Mengjie Zhang","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2023.2170165","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03036758.2023.2170165","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"53 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48062875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Māori and the Integrated Data Infrastructure: an assessment of the data system and suggestions to realise Māori data aspirations [Te Māori me te Integrated Data Infrastructure: he aromatawai i te pūnaha raraunga me ngā marohitanga e poipoia ai ngā wawata raraunga Māori]","authors":"Lara M. Greaves, Cinnamon Lindsay Latimer, Emerald Muriwai, Charlotte Moore, Eileen Li, Andrew Sporle, Terryann C. Clark, Barry J. Milne","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2154368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2022.2154368","url":null,"abstract":"The Statistics New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI) is a collection of de-identified whole-population administrative datasets. Researchers are increasingly utilising the IDI to answer pressing social and policy research questions. Our work provides an overview of the IDI, associated issues for Māori (the Indigenous peoples of New Zealand), and steps to realise Māori data aspirations. We first introduce the IDI including what it is and how it was developed. We then move to an overview of Māori Data Sovereignty. We consider the main issues with the IDI for Māori including technical issues and problems with ethnic identifiers, deficit-framed work, community involvement, consent, social licence, further data linkage, offshore access, and barriers to access for Māori. We finish with a set of recommendations around how to improve the IDI for Māori, making sure that Māori can get the most out of administrative data for our communities. These include the need to build data researcher capacity and capability for Māori; work with hapori Māori to increase utilisation; change accountability mechanisms, including greater co-governance of data; adequately fund alternatives; or potentially even abolishing the IDI and starting again.","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135392560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Western water law become more 'relational'? A survey of comparative laws affecting water across Australasia and the Americas.","authors":"Elizabeth Macpherson","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2143383","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2143383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is increasing support, in international legal theory and advocacy, for water governance approaches that go beyond the technocratic, and recognise the reciprocal relatedness of water peoples and water places. Such an approach may seem logical within certain Indigenous law and belief systems, but can Western legal frameworks become more 'relational'? How can they evolve to be capable of meaningfully relating with Indigenous systems of law and governance for water? This article draws on a comprehensive survey of comparative legal developments affecting water across seven settler-colonial countries in Australasia and Latin America that attempt (or profess) to be relational. I critically evaluate these attempts against the 'yardstick' of relationality. In each jurisdiction there are unresolved calls for a social, cultural and constitutional transformation of some sort, in which Indigenous and environmental justice are key. The analysis here reveals the potential for constitutional law to drive relational water laws, although without place-based specificity and supporting institutions, resources and redistributions of power, constitutional approaches risk having little practical impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"53 1","pages":"395-424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45561302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mauriora and the environment: a Kaupapa Māori exploration of adventure therapy in Aotearoa, New Zealand","authors":"Chanel Phillips, James Berghan, A. Clifford, Hitaua Arahanga-Doyle, Vicky Totoro","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2139731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2022.2139731","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We are He Hiringa, an early career research group of new Māori academics in the Division of Sciences at the University of Otago. Drawing on an auto-ethnographic approach, this paper shares the kaupapa (purpose, collective vision) of He Hiringa, that of mauriora (flourishing wellness) and how our shared vision for flourishing wellness across the broad disciplines of Māori physical education and health, social and clinical psychology, and Māori urban design and surveying, may support adventure therapy in Aotearoa, New Zealand. While anecdotally, we know the importance of the environment for health and wellbeing, adventure therapy in this country is largely dominated by Eurocentric views and fails to account for Māori ways of thinking, being and engaging with the taiao (environment) for therapeutic benefit and healing. We argue that grounding adventure therapy in a Te Ao Māori worldview which favours a cultural, communal, ecological, and spiritual perspective will better meet the hauora (health) needs of Māori and should drive the philosophy and practice of adventure therapy here in Aotearoa, New Zealand.","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"52 1","pages":"144 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42452397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"He Pito Mata – awakening the potential","authors":"S. Moss, Sereana Naepi, D. Powell, W. Larner","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2142034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2022.2142034","url":null,"abstract":"Hosted by the Early Career Researcher Forum of Royal Society Te Apārangi in mid-2021, He Pito Mata was an ambitious event that brought over 300 early career researchers together for two days. During their time in Whanganui-a-tara these researchers explored the nature of Aotearoa New Zealand’s research landscape, the issues and concerns they collectively experienced, and their hopes for the future. This was no regular academic conference. Explicitly framed as an opportunity to wānanga, with an emphasis on creating shared opportunities to learn, this was an extraordinary event that united early career researchers from Universities, Crown Research Institutes (CRIs), Wānanga and private research organisations. Invited guests included CEOs, Government Science Advisors, senior academics, journalists, poets, and experts in mātauranga Māori. The aim was to connect, share and amplify the kōrero of early career researchers in Aotearoa, and in doing so re-envision a future for Aotearoa New Zealand’s research sector. It was a hugely stimulating event that had a profound impact on those who took part. One of the legacy projects from He Pito Mata is this Supplement which profiles the contributions of some of these early career researchers to their respective intellectual fields. All 300 He Pito Mata participants were invited to contribute, and we received 48 submissions which (with great difficulty) were whittled down to the twelve articles that you find here. Our selections were based on two criteria; first, the submissions needed to be self-evidently excellent; and second, they needed to be targeted towards a generalist audience. In this regard, the final twelve articles do not capture the full diversity of research conducted by early career researchers, much of which is focused at much more specialist audiences. Also, as is always the case in such collections, some of our contributors fell by the wayside due to the challenges of juggling multiple commitments. Finally we wish to acknowledge Dr Tara McAllister who was part of the initial selection process: vinaka vaka levu e hoa for all that you do to bring strengthen our research system; solesolevake sa itakele ni duavata. We are very proud of the content of the resulting Supplement. First, we are excited by who is here. Given the changing demography of New Zealand’s research sector, and the widely acknowledged need for more inclusive research organisations, it is heartening that the supplement profiles so many Māori and Pasifika scholars and their scholarship. This suggests that selecting for self-evident excellence can, in and of itself, enhance diversity and inclusion in our sector. It is also notable how many of the articles are based on research projects that centre collaboration and relationality. We see clear evidence of whanaungatanga: senior researchers mentoring junior researchers; participants who are also collaborators and co-authors; new models of researching and research that are models for how","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"52 1","pages":"1 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46497492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What whakapapa means to hapū-based Māori researchers: kairangahau reflections","authors":"Ngarangi Walker, Riripeti Reedy, Justin Tibble","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2130366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2022.2130366","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Collecting kōrero tuku iho (indigenous knowledge, indigenous storytelling, traditional technical knowledge) of life on land and life under water is how this group of three kairangahau, Māori researchers, propose whānau (family/families) and hapū (family collective/s), can build governance and management practices with their whānau and hapū over their rohe whenua (tribal land area/s), rohe moana (tribal ocean area/s) and wai (water/s) today. Through a reflexive weaving of whakapapa this article shares how these hapū based kairangahau articulate ‘whakapapa’ as a practice that connects them to ‘people, place and purpose’. Whakapapa as praxis, while presenting challenges, strengthens their everyday practice as kairangahau with ‘themselves’ and ‘others’ and unfolds for them new and affirming spaces and pathways that aim to privilege and uphold their whakapapa practices of whānau and hapū decision-making.","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"52 1","pages":"135 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44473644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tino rangatiratanga - a rural Māori community's response to stroke: 'I'm an invalid but I'm not invalid'.","authors":"Karen Marie Brewer, Te Whaawhai Taki, Grace Heays, Suzanne C Purdy","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2132964","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2132964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article presents a community-led kaupapa Māori research project involving Whakatōhea and neighbouring rohe (areas). This project arose from a moemoeā (dream or vision) of Tawhai, a stroke survivor who wanted to help fellow stroke survivors. We began with a survey of stroke survivors, community members and service providers in Ōpōtiki and surrounding areas, investigating community knowledge of stroke, barriers and facilitators to recovery, and the availability and appropriateness of health services for stroke survivors in the area. The ultimate aim was to facilitate Māori stroke survivors and whānau (family) to support recent stroke survivors, and find funding to allow sustainable employment of stroke survivors in this capacity. Survey results depicted an isolated community with very poor knowledge of stroke and little access to stroke services. However, they also revealed a community that is determined to look after their own, improve outcomes, and has the support of local health and social service providers. Community-based discussions on the survey results resulted in a vision for <i>He Whare Oranga Tonutanga</i> - a place where Māori stroke survivors and whānau could come to contribute what they can and take what they need. Māori stroke survivors could be employed to provide mentoring and run the centre.</p>","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"53 1","pages":"381-394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44796958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water distribution in community irrigation using a multi-agent system.","authors":"Kitti Chiewchan, Patricia Anthony, Birendra Kc, Sandhya Samarasinghe","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2117830","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2117830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insufficient water for irrigation is a common problem in the Canterbury Region of New Zealand. Farmers have the option of applying for resource consent or joining a community irrigation scheme to take water. Water supply becomes more problematic during drought seasons as farmers must adhere to water restrictions imposed by the water authority. To deal with this problem, we developed an agent-based irrigation management system that can be used by farmers to calculate the ideal crop water needs on individual farms, which is particularly useful during periods of water scarcity. During water scarcity, most farms will have shortages of water. However, it is possible that there are farmers who will have excess water that could be distributed to those who need it. By doing this, farmers with excess water can make more profit and those who do not have enough water can purchase water to reduce their losses. In this work, we explore how auction-based negotiation in a multi-agent setting can be used to maximise water sharing within a community during periods of water scarcity. We evaluate various auction mechanisms that can be used to distribute excess water. In addition, we investigate the effect of various different agents' behaviours on water distribution and community profit.</p>","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"53 1","pages":"6-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42792765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explainable artificial intelligence for assault sentence prediction in New Zealand","authors":"Harry Rodger, Andrew Lensen, Marcin Betkier","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2114506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2022.2114506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>ABSTRACT</b></p><p>The judiciary has historically been conservative in its use of Artificial Intelligence, but recent advances in machine learning have prompted scholars to reconsider such use in tasks like sentence prediction. This paper investigates by experimentation the potential use of explainable artificial intelligence for predicting imprisonment sentences in assault cases in New Zealand’s courts. We propose a proof-of-concept explainable model and verify in practice that it is fit for purpose, with predicted sentences accurate to within one year. We further analyse the model to understand the most influential phrases in sentence length prediction. We conclude the paper with an evaluative discussion of the future benefits and risks of different ways of using such an AI model in New Zealand’s courts.</p>","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"144 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138505337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tawhiti nui, tawhiti roa: tawhiti tūāuriuri, tawhiti tūāhekeheke: a Māori lifecourse framework and its application to longitudinal research.","authors":"Will Edwards Taranaki Iwi Ngāruahine Tāngahoe Pakakohi Ngāti Ruanui, Ruakere Hond Taranaki Iwi Ngāti Ruanui Te Whānau-Ā-Apanui Te Ati Awa, Mihi Ratima Ngāti Awa Whakatōhea, Aroaro Tamati Taranaki Iwi Ngāti Ruanui Te Whānau-Ā-Apanui Te Ati Awa, Gareth J Treharne, Erana Hond-Flavell Taranaki Iwi Ngāti Ruanui Te Whānau-Ā-Apanui Te Ati Awa, Reremoana Theodore Ngāpuhi, Samuel D Carrington Te Arawa Ngāti Hurungaterangi Ngāti Taeotu Ngāti Te Kahu O Ngāti Whakaue Ngāti Pikiao, Richie Poulton","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2113411","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03036758.2022.2113411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Māori hold unique views on the lifecourse but there has been limited Māori-led longitudinal research to date. There is a particular need for kaupapa Māori and interface longitudinal research that generates mātauranga Māori and enables Māori-initiated transformative action. In this paper, we identify key features of a Māori lifecourse framework and its application to longitudinal research at the interface of mātauranga Māori and Western science. We describe how these features are applied in the Taranaki Māori-led longitudinal research programme Te Kura Mai i Tawhiti. Māori will benefit from a regionally-focussed Māori approach to lifecourse research at the interface. This approach can be applied directly in future localised research led by Māori and other Indigenous peoples. Māori-led longitudinal research will inform effective interventions to lift Māori wellbeing and prospects throughout all stages of life and strengthen Māori contributions to wider society. Māori approaches to longitudinal research will help shape new futures for Māori and a brighter future for all peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand. <b>Glossary of Māori words:</b> ao Māori: Māori world; Aotearoa: Māori name for New Zealand; hāngī: an earth oven or food cooked in such an oven; hapū: subtribe (also meaning to be pregnant); iwi: tribe, people; kaitiaki: guardian (also meaning teacher); kaupapa Māori: Māori paradigm; based within a Māori worldview; Māori: indigenous peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand; mātauranga Māori: Māori knowledge; mokopuna: grandchildren; ōhākī: parting wishes before death; Pākehā: primarily referring to New Zealand Europeans; reo Māori: Māori language; tamariki: children; Tangi te Kawekaweā: study title (the call of the kawekaweā, long-tailed cuckoo, heralds spring and the opportunity for growth); Taranaki: a tribal nation and region of Aotearoa New Zealand; Te Kura mai I Tawhiti: research programme title (sacred legacy of an ancient era); tauiwi: outsider, commonly referring to non-Māori; tuakiri: identity; wānanga: forum for sharing knowledge/learning; whakapapa: genealogy; whanau: extended family.</p>","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"53 1","pages":"429-445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49581720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}