Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand最新文献

{"title":"Rural secondary school leaver attainment inequities for students entering medical programmes in Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"Lucy Mason, Hana Turner-Adams, Garry Nixon, Kyle Eggleton","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2023.2258072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2023.2258072","url":null,"abstract":"The education literature suggests that there are rural–urban differences in educational achievement. Lower educational achievement in rural schools may impact entry into highly competitive medical programmes and disadvantage rural students. Within this study, the National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA) and University Entrance (UE) attainment rates are compared across Aotearoa New Zealand secondary schools for 2012–2021. High schools were classified as urban or rural according to the two rural admission schemes used in the medical programmes at the University of Otago and the University of Auckland. Descriptive statistics were calculated and regression models created to adjust for a range of variables. The data demonstrates that rural high schools have lower NCEA and UE attainment. Lower Māori student NCEA and UE attainment, greater socioeconomic disadvantage and differing characteristics account for the majority of differences between rural and urban schools. The lower UE attainment rate for rural schools will likely mean that rural students will have greater difficulty in entering medical programmes and that this inequity is worse for rural Māori students. Medical programme admission pathways need to undergo a fundamental shift–from workforce pathways to workforce and equity pathways in order to address rural workforce issues.","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary biogeography of Aotearoa","authors":"Graham P. Wallis, Thomas R. Buckley","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2023.2260539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2023.2260539","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135044589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing a community’s sense of ‘heritage’: a former mataī forest from SW Ōtautahi Christchurch and its nitrogen status, 860–1430 CE","authors":"David Hawke, Ross McFarlane, Craig Pauling (Ngāi Tahu and Ngāti Mutunga)","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2023.2258802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2023.2258802","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTAs in many places, heritage narratives in Ōtautahi Christchurch remain focused on colonial times. To expand these narratives, we examined three subfossil mataī (Prumnopitys taxifolia) excavated along a 700 m arc during residential subdivision earthworks. Characterisation used δ15N, radiocarbon, and ring width measurements. Conventional (uncalibrated) radiocarbon ages were 1222 BP (calibrated median 856 CE), 932 BP (1148 CE) and 545 BP (1425 CE). Mean δ15N values of +1.0 ± 1.1‰ (±SD) were similar to nearby alluvial forest remnants, with no discernible change through the 550-year sampling interval. Ring widths in three trees from the 545 BP site were 0.58 ± 0.12 mm, half that of present day mataī from humid West Coast forests at a similar latitude. The 545 BP site included a burnt stump, and stumps with longhorn beetle (Cerambycidae) larval galleries that occur only in already dead trees. We conclude that the forest was slow growing and mesotrophic but dynamic due to periodic flooding, ending with fire around 1430 CE and inundation of the dead standing forest years or decades later. We are now using traditional and social media and artists to disseminate the narrative of a former mataī forest ‘beneath our feet’ through schools, community groups, and in public facilities.KEYWORDS: Cerambycidaecommunity engaged researchhuman impactNew ZealandpodocarpPrumnopitys taxifoliaSamalasstable isotope AcknowledgementsJo Golden (Christchurch City Council) facilitated retrieval of the material that underpinned our work, and carver John Robertson found the fire-damaged stump. Sarah Bury, Julie Brown, and Josette Delgado carried out stable isotope sample preparation and analysis. We are indebted to the university academics who gave their expertise and moral support to the project. Peter Almond (Lincoln University) advised us on the sedimentary history of our study site, and he and Matiu Prebble (University of Canterbury) shared information about their project on another subfossil wood discovery nearby. Rod Wallace (University of Auckland) identified the 932 BP and 1222 BP wood samples. John Marris (Lincoln University) identified potential sources of the larval cavities in the 545 BP disc, discussed potential sources of the radial cavities in the >5.4 m stem with his entomologist network, and provided relevant literature. Richard Holdaway (University of Canterbury) linked the 1256 CE ring width hiatus to the Samalas LVE. Finally, we acknowledge with thanks the substantial input from journal editors and three anonymous reviewers.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingFunding for the 932 BP and 1222 BP radiocarbon analyses came from Waipuna Halswell-Hornby-Riccarton Community Board via Discretionary Response Fund grant 61207 to Halswell Residents Association. Richard Holdaway included the 545 BP radiocarbon analysis in a project funded by the Brian Mason Science and Technical Trust (gra","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135197955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pliocene boxfish (Tetraodontiformes, Ostraciidae) from New Zealand – a preview of future environmental change?","authors":"Michael D. Gottfried, Alan J. D. Tennyson","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2023.2256681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2023.2256681","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTWe report on an articulated fossil boxfish (Tetraodontiformes, Ostraciidae) recently recovered from the Pliocene of the North Island of New Zealand. The specimen was collected from the Tangahoe Formation, a mid-Pliocene (c. 3.0-3.4 Ma) shallow marine deposit, at Waihi Beach, South Taranaki. The fossil boxfish measures 10.7 cm in standard length, with an estimated total length of c. 13–14 cm (the caudal fin is not preserved). The fish is preserved in right lateral view, lying on its side, and has an intact body covering of fused hydroxyapatite plates that rigidly encase the fish, as is characteristic of boxfishes. The plates are hexagonal to subhexagonal in shape and largest close to the dorsal midline. Fossil boxfish have previously been recorded from Northern Hemisphere sites ranging in age from Palaeocene to Quaternary, but not from the Southern Hemisphere. Recent reports note that boxfishes and several other tropical Pacific fish species are now being seen off of northern New Zealand – the Pliocene boxfish from Taranaki, as well as an intriguing addition to New Zealand’s paleohistory, may also reflect how the ongoing impact of climate change will return New Zealand to a warmer marine ecosystem – similar to what prevailed during the Pliocene.KEYWORDS: TetraodontiformesOstraciidaeBoxfishPlioceneNew Zealandenvironmental change AcknowledgementsOur thanks to Jean-Claude Stahl (NMNZ) for photography and to John Buchanan-Brown for making the specimen available and his expert preparation skills, and to the reviewers of an earlier draft of this paper for their helpful comments. This research was supported by the Te Papa Collection Development Fund.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135643976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aotearoa's linguistic landscape: exploring the use of te reo Māori in English-medium early childhood education","authors":"Yvonne Awhina Mitchell, Bree-Anna Thomas, Amanda E. Clifford, Georgia Hayley Kittow, Elaine Reese","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2023.2256246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2023.2256246","url":null,"abstract":"This research provides insight into current te reo Māori (the Indigenous language of Aotearoa, New Zealand) use in English-medium ECE settings. We videoed naturalistic conversations between kaiako (educators) and tamariki (aged 15–28 months) at 24 English-medium BestStart ECE centres. Te reo Māori was quantitatively assessed across five routines: kai (food) time, book time, group time, free play, and nappy change. The highest rates of te reo Māori use per minute were observed during the kai time, book time, and group time routines, respectively, and lowest during free play and nappy change. Although scripted/prepared te reo Māori use (e.g. karakia and waiata; prayer and song) were well used, opportunities for more complex and elaborate te reo Māori use remain. This research provides insight into the current use of te reo Māori in English-medium ECE settings, an enhanced understanding of kaiako contributions to te reo Māori revitalisation goals, and applications for practice.","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135420460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The current and future state of child health and wellbeing in Aotearoa New Zealand: Part 2.","authors":"Tahirah Materoa Moton, Paula Toko King, Stuart R Dalziel, Sally Merry, Stephen P Robertson, Andrew S Day","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2023.2219409","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03036758.2023.2219409","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"53 1","pages":"549-552"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43402406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'A long want': an archival exploration of scurvy in the Otago goldfields of New Zealand.","authors":"Hallie R Buckley, Melandri Vlok, Peter Petchey, Neville Ritchie","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2023.2225860","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03036758.2023.2225860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper we test a long-held assumption regarding Otago, New Zealand, goldfields life and death- that scurvy was a ubiquitous and persistent cause of misery and death among the goldminers. We will also explore a parallel argument that the Chinese market gardeners played a large role in stamping out the disease in the goldfields. Through the interrogation of various archival medical primary sources, we show that scurvy was indeed a terrible scourge in the Otago goldfields, but only during the initial rushes into new regions. We also argue that while Chinese market gardeners undoubtedly contributed to a more nutritious and varied diet for European miners and settlers, scurvy had already markedly reduced in frequency by the time of their arrival in the gold fields. Patient-oriented accounts of scurvy in the gold demonstrate the clinical and functional cost of scurvy in during the initial gold rushes of Otago. Furthermore, individual stories of previously anonymous patients found locked in these archival sources demonstrate the importance of re-humanising the past to understand the biological and social context of these frontier times.</p>","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"1 1","pages":"368-389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42011469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What have we learned from longitudinal studies in Aotearoa New Zealand?","authors":"Amy J Osborne, Jonathan M Broadbent, Susan M B Morton, Joseph M Boden, Richie Poulton","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2023.2208778","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03036758.2023.2208778","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"53 1","pages":"425-428"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43754762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the energy storage potential of electric hot water cylinders with stochastic model-based control","authors":"Baxter Williams, Daniel Bishop, Paul Docherty","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2023.2197241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2023.2197241","url":null,"abstract":"As electric hot water cylinders (HWCs) have a large capacity for thermal storage, they are well-suited for Demand Side Management (DSM). This paper compares different methods of HWC temperature control and presents a methodology to assess the amount of thermal storage available in HWCs for demand side management based on use behaviour in different household types. Simple stochastic methods for domestic hot water (DHW) demand prediction were employed to design a smart controller that produced lower rates of unmet DHW demand and higher available storage than setpoint and ripple controllers. The average storage available for DSM from the use of this smart controller is predicted to be between 3.63 and 7.20 kWh per household. These results indicate the use of HWCs for thermal storage is a low-cost viable option for peak-shaving of power system load and could decrease power system greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in countries such as Aotearoa New Zealand, where GHG-emitting electricity generation is primarily used to meet peak loads.","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135955210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A better start national science challenge: supporting the future wellbeing of our tamariki E tipu, e rea, mō ngā rā o tō ao: grow tender shoot for the days destined for you.","authors":"Sarah E Maessen, Barry J Taylor, Gail Gillon, Helen Moewaka Barnes, Ridvan Firestone, Rachael W Taylor, Barry Milne, Sarah Hetrick, Tania Cargo, Brigid McNeill, Wayne Cutfield","doi":"10.1080/03036758.2023.2173257","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03036758.2023.2173257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The majority of children and young people in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) experience good health and wellbeing, but there are key areas where they compare unfavourably to those in other rich countries. However, current measures of wellbeing are critically limited in their suitability to reflect the dynamic, culture-bound, and subjective nature of the concept of 'wellbeing'. In particular, there is a lack of measurement in primary school-aged children and in ways that incorporate Māori perspectives on wellbeing. A Better Start National Science Challenge work in the areas of Big Data, Healthy Weight, Resilient Teens, and Successful learning demonstrates how research is increasing our understanding of, and our ability to enhance, wellbeing for NZ children. As we look ahead to the future, opportunities to support the wellbeing of NZ young people will be shaped by how we embrace and mitigate against potential harms of new technologies, and our ability to respond to new challenges that arise due to climate change. In order to avoid increasing inequity in who experiences wellbeing in NZ, wellbeing must be monitored in ways that are culturally acceptable, universal, and recognise what makes children flourish.</p>","PeriodicalId":49984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand","volume":"53 1","pages":"673-696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48960694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}