{"title":"Deaths of unknown cause in DR Congo","authors":"Talha Burki","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00172-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00172-0","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research in brief","authors":"Priya Venkatesan","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00170-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00170-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>Section snippets</h2><section><section><h2>Neutralising antibodies for hepatitis E infection</h2>No specific antiviral therapies currently exist for hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. Using flow cytometry and X-ray crystallography, <span><span>researchers</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span> isolated and characterised the antibodies produced in convalescent patients 1 year after clearing acute HEV infection. They noted glycan-sensitive broadly neutralising antibodies that interacted with the non-glycosylated form of the viral capsid protein pORF2. The antibodies neutralised primary isolates derived from 14 patients and were</section></section><section><section><h2>Zika virus vertical transmission</h2>The mechanisms underlying Zika virus’ propensity for vertical transmission are incompletely understood. A <span><span>study</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span> using cultured human trophoblast cell lines and mass spectrometry suggested that one mechanism might be through the formation of tunnelling nanotubes in placental trophoblasts in response to Zika virus infection, driven by the N-terminal 1-50 amino acids of Zika virus non-structural protein 1 (NS1). The tunnelling nanotubes served as conduits for transmitting the virus between</section></section><section><section><h2>Male partner treatment for bacterial vaginosis</h2>An open-label randomised <span><span>trial</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span> in Australia enrolled 164 adult male–female monogamous couples in which the woman had diagnosed symptomatic bacterial vaginosis. In 81 couples, both partners received treatment (the woman given first-line antimicrobial agents, and the man given oral metronidazole 400 mg tablets and 2% topical clindamycin cream applied to penile skin, both twice daily for 7 days). In 83 couples, only the woman received antimicrobial treatment (standard care). During the 12-week</section></section><section><section><h2>Invasive fungal infection in preterm neonates</h2>A randomised <span><span>trial</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span> in Egypt assessed the efficacy of micafungin versus amphotericin B deoxycholate for treating invasive fungal infections in neonates aged less than 36 weeks’ gestation in a newborn intensive care unit. 56 neonates with signs of invasive fungal infect","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Infectious disease surveillance update","authors":"Cahal McQuillan","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00175-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00175-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>Section snippets</h2><section><section><h2>Legionnaires’ disease in Austria</h2>On Feb 12, 2025, public health authorities reported an <span><span>outbreak</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span> of Legionnaires’ disease in the state of Vorarlberg in western Austria. As of March 7, a total of 47 cases have been identified. District authorities suspect that a cooling tower in the Lower Rhine Valley may be the source of the infections and have shut it down for renovations; however, district officials have not ruled out other sources of infection and are continuing to investigate. There have been no new cases since March 4.</section></section><section><section><h2><em>Listeria</em> in the USA</h2>As of Feb 21, 2025, 38 people have been infected with a <span><span>specific outbreak strain</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span> of <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> in 21 states in the USA. The first and most recent cases were identified on Aug 17, 2018, and Jan 23, 2025, respectively. Of the 38 individuals with data available, 37 were hospitalised and 12 died. All infections occurred in residents of long-term care facilities and nursing homes. After investigations into the outbreak in 2018, 2021, and 2023 by the US Centers for Disease Control and</section></section><section><section><h2>Pertussis in Colombia</h2>In a recent statement, the Colombian Ministry of Health announced that on Feb 27, 2025, a 1-month-old infant died from <span><span>pertussis</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span> in Bogotà. This news comes as cases of the illness are on the rise across the country. According to officials, 22 probable cases and three confirmed cases of pertussis were reported in children younger than 5 years between Jan 1 and Feb 21, 2025, in Bogotà alone. In response, public health officials are making urgent calls to promote vaccine uptake, particularly in</section></section><section><section><h2>HIV in India</h2>In February 2025, newly published <span><span>data</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span> revealed that Mizoram, a state in the north-east of India, has the highest prevalence of HIV in the country. Figures show that Mizoram has an HIV prevalence of 2·73%, compared with a national average of 0·2%. According to a public health official, between April 1, 2024, and Jan 31, ","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Georgia R Layton, James B Veater, Rebecca Thombre, Baharak Afshar, Michael L Beeton, Sapna Ladani, Zein El-Dean, Iain Stephenson, Mustafa Zakkar
{"title":"Disseminated Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection presenting with polyarthritis and endocarditis","authors":"Georgia R Layton, James B Veater, Rebecca Thombre, Baharak Afshar, Michael L Beeton, Sapna Ladani, Zein El-Dean, Iain Stephenson, Mustafa Zakkar","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00059-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00059-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>Section snippets</h2><section><section><h2>Contributors</h2>GRL: conceptualisation, data curation, project administration, validation, and writing (original draft, review, and editing). JBV: conceptualisation, data curation, validation, and writing (original draft, review, and editing). RT: data curation and writing (review and editing). MLB: data curation and writing (review and editing). BA: data curation and writing (review and editing). SL: data curation and writing (review and editing). ZE-D: data curation and writing (review and editing). IS:</section></section><section><section><h2>Declaration of interests</h2>We declare no competing interests.</section></section>","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effect of pertussis vaccination in pregnancy on the immunogenicity of acellular or whole-cell pertussis vaccination in Gambian infants (GaPS): a single-centre, randomised, controlled, double-blind, phase 4 trial","authors":"Anja Saso, Ebrima Kanteh, David Jeffries, Michael Okoye, Nuredin Mohammed, Michelle Kumado, Sophie Roetynck, Haddijatou Jobe, Amadou Faal, Elishia Roberts, Pieter Gageldonk, Anne-Marie Buisman, Janeri Fröberg, Breeze Cavell, Elodie Lesne, Alex-Mikael Barkoff, Qiushui He, Kiarash Tanha, Sagida Bibi, Dominic Kelly, Xinxue Liu","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00072-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(25)00072-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>Vaccinating women against pertussis in pregnancy protects young infants from severe disease and death. Vaccination-induced maternally derived antibodies, however, might subsequently modulate (and specifically blunt) the infant's serological response to their primary series of pertussis vaccinations. We examined the effect of pertussis immunisation in pregnancy on the immunogenicity of primary acellular or whole-cell pertussis vaccines in a west African cohort.<h3>Methods</h3>GaPs was a randomised, controlled, double-blind, phase 4 trial conducted in The Gambia. We used a predefined block randomisation scheme to randomly assign healthy, HIV-negative, pregnant participants (1:1) to receive a pertussis-containing (tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis-inactivated polio virus [Tdap-IPV]) or tetanus-toxoid only vaccine at 28–34 weeks' gestation. At the same time, their infants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) or diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis (DTwP) primary vaccine at 8, 12, and 16 weeks postnatally. Participants and trial staff were masked to the allocation of the maternal vaccine. The field team and participants became unmasked to the allocation of the infant vaccine at 16 weeks; laboratory staff and all other investigators remained masked to infant vaccine allocation until the end of the trial. The primary outcome was geometric mean concentration (GMC) of infant pertussis toxin-specific antibodies at 20 weeks and 9 months postnatally and was assessed in infants who received all three doses of the primary vaccine. Secondary outcomes included memory B-cell responses, and exploratory outcomes were total pertussis-specific antibody binding concentrations and functional antibody titres (pertussis toxin-specific neutralising activity [PTNA] and serum bactericidal activity [SBA]). Vaccine reactogenicity was assessed in mothers and infants for 3 days after each vaccine dose. Pregnant women had an extra safety visit 7 days after vaccination. The study is registered with <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span>, <span><span>NCT03606096</span><svg aria-label=\"Opens in new window\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"20\" viewbox=\"0 0 8 8\"><path d=\"M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z\"></path></svg></span>.<h3>Findings</h3>Between Feb 13, 2019, and May 17, 2021, we enrolled 343 maternal–infant pairs. 239 (77%) infants were included in the per-protocol immunogenicity analysis. Among infants of mothers receiving Tdap-IPV in pregnancy, at 20 weeks postnatally, the GMCs of anti-pertussis toxin IgG were more than three-fold lower in infants vaccinated with three doses of DTwP (n=64) than in infants vaccinated with three doses of DTaP (n=53; adjust","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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