Lancet Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"New WHO guidelines for treating rhodesiense human African trypanosomiasis: expanded indications for fexinidazole and pentamidine","authors":"Andreas K Lindner, Veerle Lejon, Michael P Barrett, Lucille Blumberg, Salome A Bukachi, Rebecca J Chancey, Andrew Edielu, Lucas Matemba, Tihitina Mesha, Victor Mwanakasale, Christopher Pasi, Tapunda Phiri, Jorge Seixas, Elie A Akl, Katrin Probyn, Gemma Villanueva, Pere P Simarro, Augustin Kadima Ebeja, Jose R Franco, Gerardo Priotto","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00581-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00581-4","url":null,"abstract":"Human African trypanosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that is usually fatal without treatment. WHO has revised its rhodesiense human African trypanosomiasis treatment guidelines on the basis of an independent systematic literature review and following the GRADE methodology. This Review reports on the decision-making process and summarises the new recommendations and their potential implications for health-care professionals and policy makers. Due to data scarcity, all recommendations are conditional and based on very low certainty of evidence. Fexinidazole replaces suramin and melarsoprol as the first-line therapy in individuals aged 6 years and older with a bodyweight of 20 kg or more. As fexinidazole is effective in both stages of rhodesiense human African trypanosomiasis, a lumbar puncture for staging is no longer required. In settings in which first-choice drugs are not readily available, immediate interim treatment with pentamidine is suggested. The introduction of oral fexinidazole represents an advancement in the management of rhodesiense human African trypanosomiasis considering the life-threatening adverse reactions individuals can have to melarsoprol. However, children below the age or weight limits remain ineligible for treatment with fexinidazole.","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142384074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to Lancet Infect Dis 2021; 21: 823–33","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00671-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00671-6","url":null,"abstract":"<em>Hsu Y-C, Chen C-Y, Chang I-W, et al. Once-daily tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in treatment-naive Taiwanese patients with chronic hepatitis B and minimally raised alanine aminotransferase (TORCH-B): a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, randomised trial.</em> Lancet Infect Dis <em>2021;</em> 21: <em>823–33</em>—In this Article, I-Wei Chang's affiliation has been corrected. This correction has been made as of Oct 7, 2024.","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142384038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A shared history","authors":"Claire Lenahan","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00660-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00660-1","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142374626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fail to prepare, prepare to fail","authors":"Jessica Pope","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00661-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00661-3","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142374654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Médecins Sans Frontières ceases activity in Russia","authors":"Ed Holt","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00666-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00666-2","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142369987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 and sexual health rights in Africa","authors":"Aimee Ramgolam","doi":"10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00662-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00662-5","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":56.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142369984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-based mpox and sexually transmitted disease surveillance using discarded condoms in the global south.","authors":"Dhammika Leshan Wannigama, Mohan Amarasiri, Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen, Cameron Hurst, Charin Modchang, John Jefferson V Besa, Kazuhiko Miyanaga, Longzhu Cui, Stefan Fernandez, Angkana T Huang, Puey Ounjai, Andrew C Singer, Naveen Kumar Devanga Ragupathi, Takashi Furukawa, Kazunari Sei, Asuka Nanbo, Asada Leelahavanichkul, Talerngsak Kanjanabuch, Tanittha Chatsuwan, Paul G Higgins, Daisuke Sano, Anthony Kicic, Jürgen Kurt Rockstroh, Richard Siow, Sam Trowsdale, Parichart Hongsing, Aisha Khatib, Kenji Shibuya, Shuichi Abe","doi":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00514-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00514-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":36.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Switch to long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine in virologically suppressed adults with HIV in Africa (CARES): week 48 results from a randomised, multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority trial.","authors":"Cissy Kityo, Ivan K Mambule, Joseph Musaazi, Simiso Sokhela, Henry Mugerwa, Gilbert Ategeka, Fiona Cresswell, Abraham Siika, Josphat Kosgei, Reena Shah, Logashvari Naidoo, Kimton Opiyo, Caroline Otike, Karlien Möller, Arvind Kaimal, Charity Wambui, Veerle Van Eygen, Perry Mohammed, Fafa Addo Boateng, Nicholas I Paton","doi":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00289-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00289-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Long-acting injectable cabotegravir and rilpivirine is licensed for individualised treatment of HIV-1 infection in resource-rich settings. Additional evidence is required to support use in African treatment programmes where demographic factors, viral subtypes, previous treatment, and delivery and monitoring approaches differ. The aim of this study was to determine whether switching to long-acting therapy with injections every 8 weeks is non-inferior to daily oral therapy in Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CARES is a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial being conducted at eight sites in Uganda, Kenya, and South Africa. Participants with HIV viral load below 50 copies per mL on oral antiretroviral therapy and no history of virological failure were randomly assigned (1:1; web-based, permuted blocks) to receive cabotegravir (600 mg) and rilpivirine (900 mg) by intramuscular injection every 8 weeks, or to continue oral therapy. Viral load was monitored every 24 weeks. The primary outcome was week 48 viral load below 50 copies per mL, assessed with the Food and Drug Administration snapshot algorithm (non-inferiority margin 10 percentage points) in the intention-to-treat exposed population. This trial is registered with the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (202104874490818) and is ongoing up to 96 weeks.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Between Sept 1, 2021, and Aug 31, 2022, we enrolled 512 participants (295 [58%] female; 380 [74%] previous non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor exposure). Week 48 viral load was below 50 copies per mL in 246 (96%) of 255 participants in the long-acting therapy group and 250 (97%) of 257 in the oral therapy group (difference -0·8 percentage points; 95% CI -3·7 to 2·3), demonstrating non-inferiority (confirmed in per-protocol analysis). Two participants had virological failure in the long-acting therapy group, both with drug resistance; none had virological failure in the oral therapy group. Adverse events of grade 3 or greater severity occurred in 24 (9%) participants on long-acting therapy and ten (4%) on oral therapy; one participant discontinued long-acting therapy (for injection-site reaction).</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Long-acting therapy had non-inferior efficacy compared with oral therapy, with a good safety profile, and can be considered for African treatment programmes.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>Janssen.</p>","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":36.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141184720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis in the USA in 1935.","authors":"Sanjeet Bagcchi","doi":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00508-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00508-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":36.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global update on hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae.","authors":"Manjulika Das","doi":"10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00610-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00610-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49923,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":36.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}