{"title":"Advancements in 2D TMDs as Sensors: From Materials to Real-World Applications","authors":"Subia Ambreen, Dinesh K. Gupta, Hemaunt Kumar, Archana Sharma, Shiva Arun, Santosh Kumar, Apoorv Saraswat, Arvind Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.1002/bio.70273","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bio.70273","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the performance of transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and their hybrid nanostructures in various sensing applications, including gas sensors, photodetectors, biosensors and wearable sensors. It focuses on categorizing the mechanisms involved, such as chemiresistive, field-effect transistor (FET), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and piezoresistive methods, which illustrate the sensor functionalities of TMDs. The review emphasizes the importance of several properties like charge transfer processes, surface interactions and structural dynamics. The interaction between TMDs and target molecules leads to necessary modifications that influence the sensor's output signal, including defect formation, doping effects and bandgap adjustments (ranging from 1 to 2 eV). Additionally, the review investigates other critical parameters that enhance sensor performance, like the number of TMD layers, functionalization methods and various chemical and physical environments. These factors can significantly improve selectivity by up to 200% and decrease response times to just a few milliseconds. To further enhance the sensitivity, selectivity and stability of TMD-based sensors, reproducibility and other relevant parameters are also discussed in light of recent advancements. The key findings presented here provide valuable insights for researchers aiming to leverage TMDs in the development of next-generation sensor technologies, with a focus on optimizing sensitivity and selectivity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144751327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LuminescencePub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1002/bio.70274
Ahmet Battal, Mustafa Tavasli
{"title":"2-(N-Hexylcarbazole-3′-yl)-4-pyridinealdehyde: Cyanide Detection via Benzoin Condensation","authors":"Ahmet Battal, Mustafa Tavasli","doi":"10.1002/bio.70274","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bio.70274","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this research, 2-(N-hexylcarbazole-3′-yl)-4-pyridinealdehyde (probe <b>A</b>) with a donor-pi-acceptor (D-π-A) structure was tested as a new fluorescence sensor. The fluorescence sensor properties of probe <b>A</b> were investigated by using UV–Vis and PL spectrophotometers. The absorption spectrum of probe <b>A</b> did not show a significant change against analytes added to the solution. However, when the emission spectrum of probe <b>A</b> was examined, it gave two very low-intensity emissions at 400 nm and 540 nm. Probe <b>A</b> showed superior selectivity only for cyanide ions (CN<sup>−</sup>) with the limit of detection (LOD) of 1.42 nM in the presence of various competing analytes. This LOD value is the lowest value reported so far. For the first time, CN<sup>−</sup> sensing proceeds via benzoin condensation reaction. The stoichiometric ratio and detection mechanism between probe <b>A</b> and CN<sup>−</sup> were confirmed by Job's plot, HRMS, <sup>1</sup>H-NMR, and FT-IR analyses. Probe <b>A</b> also worked successfully in the detection of CN<sup>−</sup>, which is a highly hazardous and toxic substance, including practical applications (three different real-world water samples). Therefore, probe <b>A</b> was introduced to the field as an effective and striking potential sensor candidate in water quality testing and disease diagnosis, etc.</p>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bio.70274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LuminescencePub Date : 2025-07-30DOI: 10.1002/bio.70276
Duygu İnci Özbağcı, Sevinç İlkar Erdağı
{"title":"Interaction of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) With Biologically Significant Macromolecules (DNA/HSA/Trypsin) and Antioxidant Potential: Fluorescence Enhancement and Quenching Study","authors":"Duygu İnci Özbağcı, Sevinç İlkar Erdağı","doi":"10.1002/bio.70276","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bio.70276","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a naturally occurring steroidal hormone precursor, has attracted considerable scientific interest due to its diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and protease-modulatory effects. In this study, we systematically investigated the binding interactions of DHEA with three biologically relevant targets: trypsin, calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA), and human serum albumin (HSA). The effects of DHEA on the structure and activity of these macromolecules were carried out using fluorescence spectroscopy, FTIR, and molecular docking techniques. Molecular docking simulations revealed that DHEA forms stable complexes with all three macromolecules, exhibiting the highest affinity toward HSA (−8.71 kcal mol<sup>−1</sup>), followed by trypsin (−6.30 kcal mol<sup>−1</sup>) and DNA (−6.15 kcal mol<sup>−1</sup>). DHEA was found to bind within the minor groove of DNA through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions, occupy Subdomain IB of HSA stabilized by hydrophobic contacts, and interact near the catalytic triad of trypsin through alkyl and π–alkyl interactions. In silico ADMET profiling predicted favorable drug-like properties, including high gastrointestinal absorption, blood–brain barrier permeability, and low toxicity risk. These findings highlight the multitarget potential of DHEA and support its relevance as a pharmacologically versatile molecule capable of modulating nucleic acids, transport proteins, and proteolytic enzymes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LuminescencePub Date : 2025-07-29DOI: 10.1002/bio.70267
Bingxin Zhu, Lixue Ma, Xiang Li, Hao Cui, Shihua Yu, Jie Chen, Xiaodan Zeng, Zhigang Liu
{"title":"A Highly Selective Turn-On Fluorescence Sensor for Detecting Hg2+ Based on Flavonol and Its Applications in Fluorescence Imaging","authors":"Bingxin Zhu, Lixue Ma, Xiang Li, Hao Cui, Shihua Yu, Jie Chen, Xiaodan Zeng, Zhigang Liu","doi":"10.1002/bio.70267","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bio.70267","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hg<sup>2+</sup> has harmful toxicity to both ecosystems and biological systems, so accurate monitoring of Hg<sup>2+</sup> is essential. Herein, a novel turn-on fluorescence sensor (HTZ) cooperating flavonol with thiocarbonate group was prepared. It exhibited a wider linear range (0–1 μM) and an ultra-low detection limit (8.12 nM) in fluorescence measurement of Hg<sup>2+</sup> with high selectivity and excellent anti-interference property. The corresponding recognition mechanism was investigated and verified by mass spectrometry. Moreover, this proposed probe held the ability of visualizing Hg<sup>2+</sup> in living cells and zebrafish with good biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. It also exhibited its high accuracy in detecting Hg<sup>2+</sup> in real water samples. All the results proved that the probe was a promising tool that can be used to detect Hg<sup>2+</sup> in complex biological systems and real water samples.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LuminescencePub Date : 2025-07-27DOI: 10.1002/bio.70272
R. Kalavathi, S. Vijayakumar, S. Dhivyadharshini, Mysoon M. Al-Ansari, M. Indhusha, S. Soundarya, P. Srinivasan, M. Santhamoorthy, E. Vidhya
{"title":"Phyco-Fabricated Zinc Oxide Nanorods From Dictyota dichotoma Seaweed: A Promising Resource for Environmental and Biomedical Applications","authors":"R. Kalavathi, S. Vijayakumar, S. Dhivyadharshini, Mysoon M. Al-Ansari, M. Indhusha, S. Soundarya, P. Srinivasan, M. Santhamoorthy, E. Vidhya","doi":"10.1002/bio.70272","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bio.70272","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nanorods (NRs) have extensive applicability across all scientific disciplines due to their distinctive size, varied shape, and elevated surface-to-volume ratio, which confer distinctive advantages. Nanorod substances are capable of solving nearly any difficulty in sciences. The advancement of nanotechnologies has led to the emergence of metallic or metal oxide nanoparticles as potentially exciting resources. The unique features of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods make them very promising for a variety of tasks, such as gas detectors, diodes with light emission, solar panels, biological medicine, and solar energy generation. This investigation used biologically active substances from <i>Dictyota dichotoma</i> extracts to fabricate and encapsulate ZnO NRs, using zinc acetate dihydrate as the precursor. The novel bio-fabricated ZnO NRs have been tested for structural stability and optical variations using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, and EDX. Regarding Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungal strains, ZnO NRs have shown exceptional germicidal effectiveness. The MTT assay demonstrated the significant apoptotic efficacy of ZnO NRs against the HeLa cancer cell line. The ZnO NRs could eliminate around 90% of the photodecomposition against azo dye. The findings indicate that sustainably fabricated ZnO NRs have significant potential for employing in several fields, including germicidal, apoptotic, and photodecomposition capabilities.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LuminescencePub Date : 2025-07-27DOI: 10.1002/bio.70270
Brian Barker, Sahjahan Islam, Dipika Das Ria, Heungman Park
{"title":"Fluorescence Anisotropy Measurements, Simulations, and Noise Effects in Investigating Exciton Migration and Confinement in Conjugated Polymers","authors":"Brian Barker, Sahjahan Islam, Dipika Das Ria, Heungman Park","doi":"10.1002/bio.70270","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bio.70270","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explores the use of fluorescence anisotropy measurements to investigate exciton migration and confinement in MEH-PPV conjugated polymers immobilized in a PMMA host matrix. Computational simulations were used to analyze photoluminescence (PL) and emission polarization (P) data from samples following photo-induced partial degradation. The emergence of new PL emissions is attributed to exciton confinement at specific sites, with corresponding deviations from the expected P trends observed. We propose that exciton migration-blocking sites form during photo-induced degradation, restricting exciton migration, resulting in higher emission photon energy and P. Simulations further reveal that noise estimation error significantly impacts P data from higher PL energies, where emissions have low signal-to-noise ratios, which leads to measured P values lower than the true P values.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NIR-Excited Imaging of Cervical Cancer Cells Using Biocompatible LaF3:Er3+,Yb3+ Upconversion Nanophosphors","authors":"Pratik Deshmukh, Bhumika Sharma, Sourabrata Chakraborty, Himanshu Srivastava, Khageswar Sahu, Srinibas Satapathy, Shovan Kumar Majumder","doi":"10.1002/bio.70269","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bio.70269","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bioimaging plays a vital role in understanding complex biological processes, from tracking cellular activity to studying entire organisms. To improve the sensitivity and specificity of imaging techniques, researchers are increasingly turning to nanomaterials as contrast agents. Among them, upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) stand out for their ability to convert near-infrared (NIR) light into visible emission. This property enables deep tissue penetration, reduced autofluorescence, and low phototoxicity. We report the synthesis of LaF<sub>3</sub> codoped with 2 mol% Er<sup>3+</sup> and 20 mol% Yb<sup>3+</sup> using a hydrothermal method, followed by surface modification with human serum albumin (HSA). Structural analysis confirms the formation of rhombohedral LaF<sub>3</sub> with uniform dopant incorporation, and electron microscopy reveals a near-spherical morphology with average particle sizes increasing from ~25 nm (bare) to ~60 nm (HSA-coated). Under 976-nm excitation, the nanophosphors exhibit bright green and red UC emissions via a two-photon mechanism. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrate high cell viability at concentrations up to 0.4 mg/mL in HeLa cells, while fluorescence uptake assays indicate time-dependent internalization, peaking at 6-h post-treatment. These findings highlight the potential of HSA-coated LaF<sub>3</sub>:Er<sup>3+</sup>,Yb<sup>3+</sup> nanophosphors as efficient, biocompatible contrast agents for NIR-excited luminescent bioimaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bio.70269","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LuminescencePub Date : 2025-07-25DOI: 10.1002/bio.70275
{"title":"Correction to “Exploring the Nanoparticle Fabrication Ability of Amaranthus spinosus and Its Biological Functions”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/bio.70275","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bio.70275","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bio.70275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LuminescencePub Date : 2025-07-24DOI: 10.1002/bio.70265
Hesham Salem, Michael Amir, Omar Saied, Asmaa A. Hamed, Maemona Mamdouh, Noha Khalid, Nadin Mohasen, Gehad Alaswad, Mahmoud Abdelgalil, Ramy M. Elsabaa
{"title":"Green Synchronous Spectrofluorimetric Analysis of Methotrxate, With 6-Mercaptopurine as Add-On Therapy of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Application in Laboratory Prepared Mixtures, Spiked Human Plasma, and Dosage Forms","authors":"Hesham Salem, Michael Amir, Omar Saied, Asmaa A. Hamed, Maemona Mamdouh, Noha Khalid, Nadin Mohasen, Gehad Alaswad, Mahmoud Abdelgalil, Ramy M. Elsabaa","doi":"10.1002/bio.70265","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bio.70265","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It was the first time that a spectrofluorimetric approach for the simultaneous analysis of methotrexate (MET) and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) had been achieved. This study aims to propose an accurate and sensitive second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric approach for the measurement of MET and 6-MP in different matrices simultaneously without the need for prior separation. The proposed approach measured the synchronous fluorescence intensity of pharmaceuticals under research at a constant wavelength difference (Δλ) = 130 nm. For the quantitative analysis of 6-MP and MET, the second derivative's peak amplitudes were observed at 380 and 400 nm, respectively. The process was fully validated and showed exceptional linearity for either 6-MP or MET in the concentration range of 10–100 ng mL<sup>−1</sup>. The new method was used to quantitatively analyze both drugs in a synthetically formulated mixture, dosage forms, and spiked human plasma. A statistical comparison of the results with other published analytical techniques revealed no significant difference. The validation of the procedure was successfully completed in compliance with ICH guidelines. To assess the analytical methodology's greenness, Eco-Scale and GAPI greenness tools were employed.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LuminescencePub Date : 2025-07-23DOI: 10.1002/bio.70256
Anna Merin Joy, Sreelakshmi Thaniparambil Prasad, Kala Ramakrishnan, s
{"title":"A Benzimidazole Linked Covalent Triazine Framework as a Fluorescent Probe for Selective Multiplatform Detection of Trinitrophenol","authors":"Anna Merin Joy, Sreelakshmi Thaniparambil Prasad, Kala Ramakrishnan, s","doi":"10.1002/bio.70256","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bio.70256","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The persistence and rising levels of environmental pollutants have driven the development of functional materials for their sensitive detection. Trinitrophenol (TNP), a highly toxic and explosive compound, requires urgent monitoring. In this work, a novel benzimidazole-based covalent triazine framework, CTF <sub>TFPOT-BTA</sub>, was synthesized via solvothermal condensation of 1,2,4,5-benzenetetraamine tetrahydrochloride and 2,4,6-tris(4-formylphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine. The resulting CTF exhibited excellent selectivity towards TNP, with a low detection limit of 1.38 nM and a linear detection range from 32.15 × 10<sup>−7</sup> to 4.6 × 10<sup>−5</sup> M. Fluorescence quenching was attributed to a combination of inner filter effect (IFE), Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanisms. To enhance practical usability, a fluorescent film was developed by incorporating the CTF into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. The resulting CTF-PVA film showed high flexibility, water stability, and a fast fluorescence quenching response upon TNP exposure. Furthermore, a portable device was designed for rapid and user-friendly detection of TNP based on fluorescence quenching. This dual strategy solution-phase sensing and film-based detection with a portable device offers an efficient and practical approach for detecting nitroaromatic explosives in real-world settings.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}