LuminescencePub Date : 2025-06-05DOI: 10.1002/bio.70225
Mohamad Mahani, Leila Montazer
{"title":"Novel Fluorescent Nanoprobe Based on Gold Nanoparticles and Carbon Quantum Dots for Probing and Imaging of Intracellular Glutathione","authors":"Mohamad Mahani, Leila Montazer","doi":"10.1002/bio.70225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.70225","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide and essential antioxidant, plays a pivotal role in cellular defense by detoxifying reactive oxygen species, enhancing antioxidant activity, and maintaining redox homeostasis. Accurate measurement of GSH levels is vital for understanding health status and early disease detection. This study reports the synthesis and characterization of a novel static quenching-based fluorescent probe for GSH detection, employing sulfhydryl-functionalized Cu-doped carbon quantum dots (S-Cu@CQDs) conjugated with gold nanoparticles (GNPs). The probe demonstrates high selectivity, sensitivity, low toxicity, and stability, alongside imaging capabilities for cellular GSH. The sensing mechanism relies on static quenching of S-Cu@CQD fluorescence by GNPs, with fluorescence recovery upon GSH-induced displacement. The probe exhibits a robust linear response to GSH concentrations between 3.0 and 20.0 mM, a limit of detection of 1.0 mM, and successful imaging of GSH in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. These findings position the S-Cu@CQD/GNP conjugate as a promising tool for biomedical applications, including oxidative stress monitoring and cancer diagnostics.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LuminescencePub Date : 2025-06-05DOI: 10.1002/bio.70232
Zhiyang Liu, Zhengjian Lian, Guanqun Zhu, Wenjie Zhang, Qi Qi, Hong Yang
{"title":"Fine-Tuning Molecular Structure of Salicylaldehyde Schiff Base for Solid-State Photochromic Mechanism","authors":"Zhiyang Liu, Zhengjian Lian, Guanqun Zhu, Wenjie Zhang, Qi Qi, Hong Yang","doi":"10.1002/bio.70232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.70232","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Salicylaldehyde Schiff base moiety is the classic photochromic core. The study of the absorption and fluorescence color-changing mechanism of such molecules in the solid state remains a challenge. Herein, two similar organic small molecules were designed and synthesized by replacing the hydroxyl group in the salicylaldehyde Schiff base moiety with an ethoxy group. Their optical properties were compared to elucidate critical structure–photoresponse correlations. The hydroxyl-containing molecule can undergo the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process under continuous ultraviolet light stimulation in the solid state, transforming from enol forms to keto forms, causing bathochromic shifts in absorption and fluorescence spectra. It has obvious reversible photochromism and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics. Contrastingly, the ethoxy-substituted derivative shows no change in its absorption spectra and emits almost no fluorescence under the same conditions. The hydroxyl group plays a crucial role in the photochromic and solid-state fluorescence properties of this type of molecule. These findings offer useful guidance for designing stimuli-responsive salicylaldehyde Schiff base molecules.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigating the Function of Ribonucleic Acid in Suppressing the Spectral and In Vitro Cytotoxic Effects of Methylene Blue/Thionine Dyes","authors":"Dhanya Rajan, Ramar Rajamanikandan, Malaichamy Ilanchelian","doi":"10.1002/bio.70221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.70221","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Small-molecule targeting of ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a new and promising therapeutic approach, but it requires the discovery of small compounds that can specifically target particular RNA structures. In this context, a comprehensive description of the photophysical interaction features of phenothiazinium dyes such as thionine (TH)/methylene blue (MB) with transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) is examined by spectrophotometric titration and molecular docking analysis. After binding with tRNA, TH/MB dyes displayed emission, and absorption characteristics were significantly changed. The observed tRNA-induced spectral alterations are attributed to energy transfer from guanine base pairs, likely resulting from an intercalative interaction mode proposed for tRNA. The negative free energy change value (ΔG = ~ − 27.5 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>) of the TH/MB dye–tRNA systems suggests that the present binding interaction is highly favorable and spontaneous. The conformational alterations of the tRNA with both dyes were verified using circular dichroism analyses. Molecular docking test results indicated that TH/MB dye molecules bonded to the tRNA cavity in a specific pattern. The novelty of this study resides in a unique role for TH/MB dyes in tRNA dysfunction, expanding our understanding of how TH/MB dyes and their tRNA complexes were used in in vitro cytotoxic investigations of human lung cancer cells.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LuminescencePub Date : 2025-06-05DOI: 10.1002/bio.70220
Tianran Si, Yan Ye, Hao Wang, Zhaowei Gong, Huan Wang, Ding Wang, Hui-Jun Li
{"title":"Morphological Engineering of MOFs Through Carbon Dot Doping: Enabling Fluorescent Anticounterfeiting on Human Skin","authors":"Tianran Si, Yan Ye, Hao Wang, Zhaowei Gong, Huan Wang, Ding Wang, Hui-Jun Li","doi":"10.1002/bio.70220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.70220","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is a growing demand for cost-effective, environmentally friendly fluorescent inks that exhibit excellent writing performance and dual anticounterfeiting features, particularly for use on human skin. This study introduces an innovative method that combines nontoxic carbon dots (CDs) with MIL-53(Al)-NH<sub>2</sub>, a metal–organic framework (MOF). By varying the content of CDs, the morphology of MIL-53(Al)-NH<sub>2</sub> was controlled through two mechanisms: nucleation promotion and competitive coordination. This manipulation resulted in a change from gear-like to needle-like structures, which significantly enhanced fluorescence intensity and induced a red shift, especially under different pH conditions. The fluorescent ink produced patterns that remain invisible in daylight but shift from yellow to blue under ultraviolet light as they dry, with this effect being repeatable. These distinctive characteristics underscore the potential of this fluorescent ink for advanced applications in information encryption and anticounterfeiting.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of the Use of Naturally Grown CaCO3 Crystals on Rocks as a Radiation Dosimeter via Thermoluminescence Method","authors":"Huseyin Toktamis, Tamer Sertaç Güneş, Dilek Toktamis","doi":"10.1002/bio.70217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.70217","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of naturally occurring CaCO<sub>3</sub> crystals found on rocks collected from the Akçatekir region of Adana, Turkey. The research evaluates some of the radiation dosimeter parameters such as dose–response, heating rate, reusability, and fading. Both crystals demonstrate favorable TL properties with distinct TL glow curves. One of the crystals exhibits two prominent TL peaks at approximately 90°C and 235°C, while the other shows peaks around 115°C and 300°C. Both crystals display a broad linear dose–response range from 2 to 576 Gy. Although repeated experiments lead to a reduction in the low-temperature peak, the dosimetric peak (near 220°C) remains largely unaffected. Additionally, TL intensity decreases as the waiting time between irradiation and measurement increases. However, the fading process does not compromise the structural integrity of the crystals or introduce new TL peaks. Given their wide linear dose–response range, strong reusability with standard deviation of 2.71%, and stable dosimetric peak under ambient conditions, these crystals appear to be promising candidates for dosimetric applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bio.70217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LuminescencePub Date : 2025-06-03DOI: 10.1002/bio.70219
Junxia Wang, Ying Qin, Na Li, Yu He, Gongwu Song
{"title":"BCNO Quantum Dots and MnO2 Nanosheets-Based Fluorescence and Digital Image Colorimetry Sensing for the Detection of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid","authors":"Junxia Wang, Ying Qin, Na Li, Yu He, Gongwu Song","doi":"10.1002/bio.70219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.70219","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is a widely used pesticide, necessitating the development of a low-cost, reliable, and rapid detection method. In this work, BCNO quantum dots were synthesized by a one-step microwave method. A fluorescence “turn-off-on” probe for 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid detection was developed using MnO<sub>2</sub> nanosheets due to their strong oxidation and broad absorption spectrum. MnO<sub>2</sub> nanosheets can quench the fluorescence of BCNO quantum dots through internal filter effect. Alkaline phosphatase hydrolyzes trisodium L-ascorbate-2-phosphate to produce ascorbic acid, which decomposes MnO<sub>2</sub> nanosheets, restoring the fluorescence of BCNO quantum dots. With the increase of alkaline phosphatase concentration, the ascorbic acid produced gradually increased; thus, the fluorescence intensity of BCNO quantum dots increased. 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid inhibits alkaline phosphatase activity, preventing the decomposition of MnO<sub>2</sub> nanosheets and hindering fluorescence recovery. The probe exhibits a linear detection range of 1.0–40.0 mg/L and a detection limit of 0.067 mg/L. Color changes corresponding to 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid concentration were analyzed using a smartphone application, establishing a digital image colorimetry method. The results demonstrated a good linear relationship within the range of 0–50 mg/L. The method was validated with real samples, demonstrating its utility in environmental and food safety monitoring.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LuminescencePub Date : 2025-06-02DOI: 10.1002/bio.70213
Adil Alshehri, Ali Alqahtani, Taha Alqahtani, Saud Alqahtani, Ahmed A. Almrasy
{"title":"Green and Sustainable Determination of Fluconazole Using a Box–Behnken Optimized Zn-CQDs Fluorescence Quenching Approach: Application to Pharmaceutical Formulations and Pharmacokinetic Studies","authors":"Adil Alshehri, Ali Alqahtani, Taha Alqahtani, Saud Alqahtani, Ahmed A. Almrasy","doi":"10.1002/bio.70213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.70213","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, a sensitive and selective analytical method has been developed for the determination of fluconazole, a widely used antifungal agent, using Zn-doped carbon quantum dots as a fluorescent probe. A strong emission from the Zn-CQDs was observed at 440 nm upon excitation at 330 nm, which was quenched in the presence of fluconazole due to a static quenching mechanism, as revealed by Stern–Volmer analysis and thermodynamic studies. The Stern–Volmer constant and the association constant were found to be 6.25 × 10<sup>4</sup> and 8.47 × 10 <sup>4</sup> M<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, indicating a strong interaction between fluconazole and Zn-CQDs. Factors affecting the quenching process, such as pH, incubation time, and the concentration of Zn-CQDs, were optimized using a Box–Behnken design. The developed method was validated according to ICH M10 guidelines, demonstrating excellent linearity in the range of 0.1–3.0 μg/mL and high sensitivity with LOD value of 0.03 μg/mL. The method was successfully applied to analyze fluconazole in rabbit plasma and pharmaceutical formulations, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using noncompartmental analysis. Finally, the greenness and whiteness of the method were assessed showcasing its low environmental impact and high sustainability, posing advantages over the reported fluorometric and chromatographic methods.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LuminescencePub Date : 2025-06-02DOI: 10.1002/bio.70210
Tanzeela Fazal, Bushra Ismail, Asma Khan, Imtiaz Khan, Mazloom Shah, Ali Bahadur, Shahid Iqbal, Sajid Mahmood, Shahid Alam, Fayaz Ali, Afaaq Ullah, Shaimaa A. M. Abdelmohsen, Khalid M. Alotaibi, Matar Alshalwi
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Undoped and Strontium-Doped Zinc Ferrites for Applications of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation","authors":"Tanzeela Fazal, Bushra Ismail, Asma Khan, Imtiaz Khan, Mazloom Shah, Ali Bahadur, Shahid Iqbal, Sajid Mahmood, Shahid Alam, Fayaz Ali, Afaaq Ullah, Shaimaa A. M. Abdelmohsen, Khalid M. Alotaibi, Matar Alshalwi","doi":"10.1002/bio.70210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.70210","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to synthesize and characterize the undoped and strontium-doped spinel zinc ferrites for the application of cathode material in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and photocatalytic hydrogen generation through sodium borohydride (NaBH<sub>4</sub>) methanolysis. Composite strontium iron zinc-based SOFC cathode materials are fabricated by the Sol–Gel technique. XRD patterns collected from powders that were prepared by calcining the gels at 800°C confirmed the presence of pure franklinite (ferrites) material for the undoped material. Scanning electron microscopic images depicted compact and distinct particles with broad size ranges and irregular boundaries. Tauc plots of the synthesized materials depicted the bandgaps in the range of 2 to 1.45 eV, which confirms the potential of the synthesized materials to harvest light in the visible range. By incorporating the strontium content, strontium zinc ferrite, a new material appeared along with the pure franklinite phase. Conductivity was found to be enhanced with increasing strontium content. The photocatalytic behavior of the synthesized magnesium ferrites for hydrogen generation by NaBH<sub>4</sub> methanolysis was evaluated by water displacement reaction. The results confirmed the potential of the synthesized material for hydrogen generation in the presence of UV irradiation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Hetero-Atom Doping on the Structure and Optical Properties of Carbon Quantum Dots for the Sensitive Detection of Heavy Metal Ions","authors":"Çisem Kırbıyık Kurukavak, Mütahire Tok, Ayşegül Toprak, Merve Yurdakul, Mustafa Ersöz","doi":"10.1002/bio.70215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.70215","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metal pollution in water sources due to modernization is a human health and environmental problem. Therefore, the highly fluorescent boron- and nitrogen-doped and nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (B,N-CQDs and N-CQDs, respectively) were synthesized and investigated to be used as a fluorescence sensor for metal ion detection. In this study, the synthesized B,N-CQDs and N-CQDs had an average size of 4–6 nm and 3–4 nm, respectively. The B,N-CQDs presented high sensitivity as 0.0090, 0.0086 and 0.0091 units per micromolar for Cr<sup>3+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>2+</sup>, respectively, whereas the N-CQDs showed sensitivity as 0.0047, 0.0102, 0.0095 and 0.0121 units per micromolar for Cr<sup>3+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Fe<sup>2+</sup> and Ni<sup>2+</sup>, respectively. In the concentration range of 10–80 μM, the detection limits of B,N-CQDs and N-CQDs were found to be in the range of 13.9–65.5 μg/L and 14.9–38.3 μg/L, respectively. The result of the study clearly indicates that B,N-CQDs and N-CQDs can be seen as metal ion sensing devices with high sensitivity and low cost.</p>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bio.70215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novel Fluorescent Probe for Selective Recognition of G-Quadruplex Based on Aggregation Induced Emission","authors":"Jiahui Zhang, Yu Chen, Yidan Sun, Xinru Li, Haichao Liu, Xiuzhong Wang","doi":"10.1002/bio.70218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.70218","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>G-quadruplex (G4) is four-stranded noncanonical secondary DNA structures, which have been identified as potential targets for therapeutic intervention. It is crucial to detect G4 and search for ligands that target G4 with high selectivity in complex biological matrices. The fluorescence signals and circular dichroism spectrum changes were explored for the interaction between jatrorrhizine chloride (Jat), a naturally aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecule, and various DNA secondary structures. The fluorescence emission intensity was dramatically enhanced after Jat binding to G4 (AA22 as model analyte) compared with other configuration of DNAs, such as single-strand DNA (ssDNA), duplex DNA (dsDNA), hairpin DNA, and i-motif DNA were firstly reported. This means that Jat can serve as a fluorescence probe for the specific recognition of G4 DNA from other DNAs. A label-free AIE-based DNA biosensor to demonstrate the feasibility of detecting DNA polymerase activity and the screening of polymerization-targeted drugs was developed in this paper. The limit of the detection for DNA polymerase activity was 0.007 U·mL<sup>−1</sup>. The results proved that the sensing system has high sensitivity and reproducibility for detection of DNA polymerase activity and can be used for screening DNA polymerase inhibitors based on specific recognition of G4 DNA. In all, it has potential for practical application in chemical and biomedical fields.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}