Luminescence最新文献_第2页

A Dual Responsive Fluorescent Probe Exhibiting ICT Based Colorimetric and Fluorimetric Detection of Cyanide 显示基于ICT的比色法和荧光法检测氰化物的双响应荧光探针。

IF 2.8 4区化学

Luminescence Pub Date : 2026-08-09 DOI: 10.1002/bio.70605

John Jeevagan Arockiam, Raj Kumar Ramasamy, Jan Grzegorz Malecki, Archana Vellingiri, Jebakumar Immanuel Edison Thomas Nesakumar, Jesin Beneto Arockiam

引用次数: 0

Developing a Novel Fluorescent Probe for Selectively Recognizing NQO1 in Cancer Cells and at the Tail Amputation Site of Zebrafish 一种新型荧光探针可选择性识别癌细胞和斑马鱼断尾部位的NQO1。

IF 2.8 4区化学

Luminescence Pub Date : 2026-08-09 DOI: 10.1002/bio.70591

Shiran Sun, Yuan Ji, Gesong Chen, Renjie Wang, Shouzhi Pu

{"title":"Developing a Novel Fluorescent Probe for Selectively Recognizing NQO1 in Cancer Cells and at the Tail Amputation Site of Zebrafish","authors":"Shiran Sun, Yuan Ji, Gesong Chen, Renjie Wang, Shouzhi Pu","doi":"10.1002/bio.70591","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bio.70591","url":null,"abstract":"NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is an oxidoreductase that is overexpressed in various types of solid tumor cells and serves as a promising biomarker for cancer. Fluorescence detection of NQO1 is of great significance for the early screening of certain malignancies. Herein, a reaction probe (PACN) for selectively recognizing NQO1 was developed by hybridizing coumarin analogues modified with benzothiazole as the fluorescent reporter and a trimethyl-locked quinone propionic acid as the NQO1 specific recognition unit. The probe PACN demonstrated high selectivity and sensitivity in the specific recognition of NQO1, with a low detection limit of 2.68 ng/mL. Moreover, a significant turn-on fluorescent signal can be observed at 525 nm upon reaction with NQO1. Furthermore, PACN can specifically detect NQO1 in cancer cells (A549 cells) rather than in normal cells (BEAS-2B cells). Notably, an inflammation model was established using tail-damaged zebrafish to induce the expression of NQO1, and PACN was successfully used to image NQO1 in the wound area of the tail-damaged zebrafish. Meanwhile, the design of PACN provides important information for the early diagnosis of cancer and also offers certain guidance for the development of fluorescent probes specifically for detecting NQO1.","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"41 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148702672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Green Sensitive Derivative Emission Spectrofluorimetry for the Estimation of Repaglinide and Febuxostat Simultaneously in Dosage Forms and Spiked Human Plasma 绿色敏感衍生发射荧光光谱法同时测定人血浆中瑞格列奈和非布司他的剂型和加标剂。

IF 2.8 4区化学

Luminescence Pub Date : 2026-08-09 DOI: 10.1002/bio.70606

Aya A. Marie, Aya Roshdy

{"title":"Green Sensitive Derivative Emission Spectrofluorimetry for the Estimation of Repaglinide and Febuxostat Simultaneously in Dosage Forms and Spiked Human Plasma","authors":"Aya A. Marie, Aya Roshdy","doi":"10.1002/bio.70606","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bio.70606","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 A simple, rapid, precise, and selective first derivative spectrofluorimetric (1D) technique was suggested for repaglinide (REP) and febuxostat (FEB) simultaneous quantitation in pure, spiked human plasma samples and dosage forms. The approach was based on the first derivative transformation of the conventional fluorescence emission spectra. Excitation was fixed at 250 nm, and the first derivative of the emission spectra was recorded for each sample. Repaglinide (REP) was measured at 336.5 nm and febuxostat (FEB) at 363.5 nm in presence of each other using 0.2-M acetate buffer pH 3.9. Several experimental factors were examined and adjusted based on their effect on the fluorescence intensity. The validation was performed in accordance with ICH guidelines and the amplitude first derivative (1D) versus concentrations curves covered concentration ranges of 0.01–0.18 μg/mL for REP and 0.03–0.2 μg/mL for FEB. The quantification limits (LOQs) were 0.007 and 0.026 μg/mL for (REP) and (FEB), whereas lower detection limits (LODs) were 0.002 and 0.009 μg/mL, respectively. The suggested approach was effectively used to determine the two drugs in spiked human plasma samples in ranges 0.01–0.2 μg/mL for REP and 0.05–0.2 μg/mL for FEB. The proposed technique was effectively used to identify the (REP) and (FEB) in multiple pharmaceutical products.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"41 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148702627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Plant-Mediated Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles From Sonchus wightianus: Physicochemical Characterization and Evaluation of Photocatalytic, Antibiofilm, and Antioxidant Potential 植物介导合成氧化锌纳米粒子：光催化、抗菌膜和抗氧化电位的理化表征和评价

IF 2.8 4区化学

Luminescence Pub Date : 2026-08-06 DOI: 10.1002/bio.70600

Djamel Barani, Ahmed B. M. Ibrahim, Mecheri Nacira, Ibtissam Laib, Salah Eddine Laouini, Abderrhmane Bouafia, Mohamed A. Habib, Hocine Sadam Nesrat

{"title":"Plant-Mediated Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles From Sonchus wightianus: Physicochemical Characterization and Evaluation of Photocatalytic, Antibiofilm, and Antioxidant Potential","authors":"Djamel Barani, Ahmed B. M. Ibrahim, Mecheri Nacira, Ibtissam Laib, Salah Eddine Laouini, Abderrhmane Bouafia, Mohamed A. Habib, Hocine Sadam Nesrat","doi":"10.1002/bio.70600","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bio.70600","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were successfully synthesized via an eco-friendly green route using aqueous leaf extract of Sonchus wightianus as a natural reducing and capping agent. UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed a characteristic absorption peak at 267 nm, with a direct optical band gap of 2.96 eV and an Urbach energy of 0.917 eV, indicating the contribution of surface defect states to the optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles. FTIR analysis confirmed the active role of phytochemical constituents in the reduction and stabilization process. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of phase-pure hexagonal wurtzite ZnO with an average crystallite size of 21.38 nm. SEM analysis revealed a heterogeneous morphology comprising quasi-spherical and rod-like structures arranged in agglomerated assemblies. The synthesized ZnO NPs demonstrated remarkable solar-driven photocatalytic activity, achieving 99.2% degradation of Rose Bengal dye under natural sunlight within 120 min. Furthermore, the nanoparticles exhibited significant concentration-dependent antibiofilm activity against four clinically relevant pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. These findings demonstrate that Sonchus wightianus-mediated ZnO NPs represent a promising multifunctional nanomaterial with considerable potential for environmental remediation and biomedical applications.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"41 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148686442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fluorescence Analysis of Propranolol Hydrochloride Using Mercaptoacetic Acid-Capped Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Dots and Mechanism of Reaction Process 巯基乙酸包覆硫化镉量子点荧光分析盐酸心得安及其反应机理。

IF 2.8 4区化学

Luminescence Pub Date : 2026-08-06 DOI: 10.1002/bio.70596

Yilei Chen, Xiaolin Wang, Zitong Wu, Jinyang Chen, Shuyu Liu, Dingjiang Chen

{"title":"Fluorescence Analysis of Propranolol Hydrochloride Using Mercaptoacetic Acid-Capped Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Dots and Mechanism of Reaction Process","authors":"Yilei Chen, Xiaolin Wang, Zitong Wu, Jinyang Chen, Shuyu Liu, Dingjiang Chen","doi":"10.1002/bio.70596","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bio.70596","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Propranolol hydrochloride (PRO-HCl), a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor blocker, is widely utilized in the treatment of various medical conditions including hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmias, migraine prophylaxis, and certain anxiety disorders. In this study, we developed a simple, convenient, and sensitive quantitative detection method for PRO-HCl in aqueous environments, based on the fluorescence generated from the reaction between Cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) and PRO-HCl at room temperature. The synthesized CdS QDs were thoroughly characterized using fluorescence spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectrophotometry, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to investigate their optical and structural properties. Our experimental results demonstrated a significant enhancement in the fluorescence intensity of CdS QDs in the presence of low concentrations of propranolol hydrochloride. Through systematic optimization of experimental conditions, we established a linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity of CdS QDs and PRO-HCl concentration within the range of 0.002–8 mg·L−1. The linear regression equation was determined to be Y = 0.6479X + 0.0685 with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9858, and the detection limit was found to be 0.002 mg·L−1. Furthermore, we investigated the potential reaction mechanism between CdS QDs and PRO-HCl. To validate the practical application of CdS QDs, the proposed method was successfully employed for the determination of PRO-HCl in spiked environmental water samples, demonstrating the effectiveness and reliability of the CdS QDs-based detection system.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"41 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Blue-Emitting Ionic Liquid-Based Nano-Optode for Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Dextran Sulfate 一种用于硫酸葡聚糖超灵敏检测的蓝色离子液体纳米光器件。

IF 2.8 4区化学

Luminescence Pub Date : 2026-08-06 DOI: 10.1002/bio.70594

Najmin Tohora, Sudhir Kumar Das

{"title":"A Blue-Emitting Ionic Liquid-Based Nano-Optode for Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Dextran Sulfate","authors":"Najmin Tohora, Sudhir Kumar Das","doi":"10.1002/bio.70594","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bio.70594","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), a polysaccharide, can cause adverse effects such as joint pain, stiffness, and hair loss when used excessively. Rapid, accurate detection of DSS in biological samples is vital for timely clinical diagnosis and treatment decisions. However, current literature on analytical techniques for DSS detection remains limited. For this purpose, we have prepared a fluorescent, room-temperature ionic liquid, trihexyltetradecylphosphonium 2-(naphthalen-1-yl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazolate (MTNP), and its low-dimensional materials, nMTNP, and characterized them using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The neat MTNP functioned effectively as a solvent-free fluorescent ink, offering excellent performance for secure writing. The intense cyan fluorescence of nMTNP permits precise, efficient sensing of DSS in both aqueous media and on paper-strip formats, with a lowest detection limit of 7.30 ng/mL, which is lower than the lowest standard concentration used (0.12 μM). Owing to its strong fluorescence, the sensor enabled sensitive and selective DSS analysis in real water samples. We have also developed a smartphone-based detection technique for on-spot detection. The developed sensor enables fast, accurate, and highly sensitive detection of DSS, with clear potential to enhance targeted environmental applications and medical diagnosis.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"41 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148686497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Green Spectrofluorometric Method for Labetalol Determination Based on Electron Transfer Inhibition With Density Functional Theory Validation and Statistical Design Optimization 基于电子传递抑制的绿色荧光光谱法测定拉贝他洛尔：密度泛函理论验证和统计设计优化。

IF 2.8 4区化学

Luminescence Pub Date : 2026-08-06 DOI: 10.1002/bio.70599

Humood Al Shmrany, Ali Alqahtani, Taha Alqahtani, Adil Alshehri, Ahmed A. Almrasy

{"title":"Green Spectrofluorometric Method for Labetalol Determination Based on Electron Transfer Inhibition With Density Functional Theory Validation and Statistical Design Optimization","authors":"Humood Al Shmrany, Ali Alqahtani, Taha Alqahtani, Adil Alshehri, Ahmed A. Almrasy","doi":"10.1002/bio.70599","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bio.70599","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 A novel spectrofluorimetric method for sensitive determination of labetalol hydrochloride was developed based on photoinduced electron transfer (PET) blocking mechanism through acidification-induced fluorescence enhancement. Upon acidification, the secondary amine functionality of labetalol undergoes protonation, resulting in five-fold fluorescence enhancement at 415-nm emission when excited at 298 nm. Quantum mechanical calculations revealed the electronic structure changes underlying the PET mechanism, with protonation causing 3.17-eV HOMO stabilization and decreased electron density on the secondary amine nitrogen that effectively eliminates electron transfer quenching. Subsequently, D-optimal experimental design systematically optimized the PET blocking conditions. The ANOVA analysis demonstrated statistical significance of the reduced two-factor interaction (2FI) model (F-value = 26.25, p < 0.0001) with satisfactory fit statistics (R2 = 0.9459), identifying 0.6-M acetic acid, 5-min incubation time, and water–ethanol mixture as optimal conditions. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines exhibiting excellent linearity in the range of 10–300 ng/mL, detection limit of 3.23 ng/mL, and precision below 1.6% RSD. Furthermore, successful applications to pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples (plasma) demonstrated recoveries ranging from 96.36% to 104.97%. The developed PET-blocking approach provides an environmentally sustainable alternative for labetalol determination, eliminating toxic derivatization reagents while maintaining analytical reliability and sensitivity.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"41 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Triarylamine-Based Fluorescent Probe for Cu2+ Detection in Aqueous Solutions and Food and Construction of “Fluorescence-Afterglow” Sensor Membranes 三芳胺基荧光探针检测水溶液和食品中Cu2+及荧光余辉传感器膜的构建

IF 2.8 4区化学

Luminescence Pub Date : 2026-08-05 DOI: 10.1002/bio.70602

Long Liu, Shaoyun She, Qihuan Chen, Yichen Li, Xiaotong Deng, Meijun Ye, Jiamin Liu, Hanqing Wu, Jingshui Xu

引用次数: 0

Nonstoichiometric Strategy for Enhancing Luminescence Performance of Cr3+-Activated Ca3Ga2Ge3O12 Broadband NIR Phosphors 提高Cr3+活化Ca3Ga2Ge3O12宽带近红外荧光粉发光性能的非化学计量策略

IF 2.8 4区化学

Luminescence Pub Date : 2026-08-05 DOI: 10.1002/bio.70603

Jing Zhang, Weijie Li, Jianjun Zhao, Yang Zheng, Feiyu Wang, Zhixiang Zhang, Naicen Xu, Xiaoming Shen, Quan Liu

{"title":"Nonstoichiometric Strategy for Enhancing Luminescence Performance of Cr3+-Activated Ca3Ga2Ge3O12 Broadband NIR Phosphors","authors":"Jing Zhang, Weijie Li, Jianjun Zhao, Yang Zheng, Feiyu Wang, Zhixiang Zhang, Naicen Xu, Xiaoming Shen, Quan Liu","doi":"10.1002/bio.70603","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bio.70603","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Near-infrared (NIR) emitting phosphors with broadband emission enable their promising application in various fields. In this work, a series of Ca3Ga2Ge3-xO12-δ:Cr3+ NIR phosphors were synthesized to investigate the influence of Ge4+ vacancies on the structural and luminescent properties. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms that the main garnet phase is retained at low vacancy concentrations, whereas minor impurity phases appear at higher x values. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals the presence of both GaO6 and GeO6 octahedrons in this garnet. Under 458 nm excitation, all samples exhibit a broad NIR emission band centered at 752 nm. The integrated emission intensity increases with Ge4+ vacancy concentration, reaching a maximum at x = 0.4. The optimized phosphor shows exceptional thermal stability, retaining 91.4% of its room-temperature intensity at 423 K. This study demonstrates that Ge4+ vacancy engineering is an effective strategy for enhancing the NIR luminescence of Cr3+-doped garnet phosphors.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"41 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148674535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toward Real-World Tetracycline Sensing: Label-Free Carbon Quantum Dot Fluorescence From Molecular Design to Matrix-Driven Challenges 走向现实世界四环素传感：从分子设计到矩阵驱动挑战的无标记碳量子点荧光。

IF 2.8 4区化学

Luminescence Pub Date : 2026-08-03 DOI: 10.1002/bio.70601

Kamel A. Saleh, M. M. Rekha, Irwanjot Kaur, Ahmed Aldulaimi, Nada Othman Kattab, Monika Verma, Rasulbek Eshmetov, Yodgor Kenjaev, Shayan Mahmoodi

{"title":"Toward Real-World Tetracycline Sensing: Label-Free Carbon Quantum Dot Fluorescence From Molecular Design to Matrix-Driven Challenges","authors":"Kamel A. Saleh, M. M. Rekha, Irwanjot Kaur, Ahmed Aldulaimi, Nada Othman Kattab, Monika Verma, Rasulbek Eshmetov, Yodgor Kenjaev, Shayan Mahmoodi","doi":"10.1002/bio.70601","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bio.70601","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Carbon quantum dot (CQD)-based label-free fluorescent sensing platforms have emerged as promising analytical approaches for the detection of tetracycline residues in food and environmental samples. This review summarizes recent advances in CQD design, fluorescence sensing mechanisms, and practical analytical applications, with an emphasis on precursor engineering, heteroatom doping, and surface-state modulation. Among antibiotic contaminants, tetracyclines represent an important model target due to their extensive use, environmental persistence, and characteristic molecular properties that enable diverse interactions with CQD surfaces. Recognition-assisted CQD biosensing architectures incorporating selective elements such as aptamers, antibodies, and molecularly imprinted polymers represent an important complementary strategy; however, this review specifically focuses on label-free systems in which tetracycline-induced modulation of CQD photoluminescence provides the sensing response. Reported label-free CQD sensors demonstrate improved analytical performance and successful application in complex matrices, including milk, honey, serum, and water samples. Nevertheless, challenges related to fluorescence mechanism ambiguity, synthesis variability, insufficient standardization, matrix interference, and limited long-term validation remain major barriers to practical deployment. Emerging trends, including smartphone-assisted detection, paper-based platforms, and sustainable biomass-derived CQDs, indicate progress toward portable sensing technologies. Future development requires rational CQD design, standardized evaluation frameworks, and robust field-validation strategies for reliable tetracycline monitoring.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"41 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148671207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0