LuminescencePub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1002/bio.70100
Badriah Saad Al-Farhan, Safaa F. Saleh, Afnan S. Batubara, Dalin A. Hassan, Nujud Maslamani, Deena Mohammed Bukhary, Ahmed Abdulhafez Hamad
{"title":"Facile Incorporation of the Trioxosulfate Ion Preservative as a Novel Sulfonated Isoindole Fluorescent Marker for Sustainable Determination of an Antidiabetic Alogliptin Drug; Method's Sustainability Evaluation","authors":"Badriah Saad Al-Farhan, Safaa F. Saleh, Afnan S. Batubara, Dalin A. Hassan, Nujud Maslamani, Deena Mohammed Bukhary, Ahmed Abdulhafez Hamad","doi":"10.1002/bio.70100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The proposed study uses a special procedure to verify that an analyte assessment operation is sustainable and environmentally friendly. When the targeted analyte molecule (alogliptin drug, ALT) lacks chromophoric or fluorogenic groups, it cannot be analyzed without marking or structural amendment. The obeyed phenomenon (marking process) could be achieved via fluorescence probing or marking using tagging agents. An innovative reagent pair consisting of trioxosulfate ion and <i>o</i>-Phthaldialdehyde (OPD) is used in the described analytical approach. This reagent is used to build a novel fluorescent nucleus and can be detected using the developed fluorimetric approach. ALT's amino moiety could condense trioxosulfate/OPD. This study presents a new, facile, green, sustainable fluorometric assay of the ALT drug. The product's response is linear at 50.00–800.00 ng mL<sup>−1</sup> concentration range (LOD = 15.74 and LOQ = 47.69 ng mL<sup>−1</sup>). The method validation was considered following the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) recommendations. The planned probe was applied to the crude powder and dose forms, and excipients had no influence. The planned analytical procedure is identified as sustainable and white by the WAC (White Analytical Chemistry) indications following the Green/Red/Blue (RGB 12) pattern. Additionally, new tools (BAGI and GSST) were applied to the current work.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LuminescencePub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1002/bio.70120
Ahmed A. Abu-hassan, Wael A. Mahdi, Sultan Alshehri, Bandar R. Alsehli, Safaa F. Saleh, Mohamed A. El Hamd
{"title":"Spectacular Application of Isoindole-Based Fluorophore for Mirabegron Assay in Tablets and Biological Fluids (Urine/Plasma). Assessment of Method Blueness and Whiteness","authors":"Ahmed A. Abu-hassan, Wael A. Mahdi, Sultan Alshehri, Bandar R. Alsehli, Safaa F. Saleh, Mohamed A. El Hamd","doi":"10.1002/bio.70120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.70120","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The FDA has approved mirabegron (MBG) for alleviating urgency in micturition and incontinence. Its mechanism of action involves the activation of β<sub>3</sub>-adrenoreceptors. The present research outlines a novel, highly sensitive, and cost-effective protocol for analyzing MBG. The current research relies on MBG interaction with <i>o</i>-phthalaldehyde alongside 2-mercaptoethanol. The resulting isoindole fluorophore was quantified at <i>λ</i><sub>ex</sub> 337.7 and <i>λ</i><sub>em</sub> 433.7 nm. A comprehensive analysis was conducted to systematically examine and enhance the several experimental factors that impact the creation of the isoindole-based fluorophore outcome. A linear correlation was established by precisely manipulating these variables, demonstrating that the increase in fluorescence strength is directly correlated to the quantity of MBG within the range of 30 to 1000 ng/mL. The analytical method was able to reliably detect MBG concentrations as low as 9 ng/mL and accurately quantify levels down to 27.5 ng/mL. This analytical procedure was effectively employed to determine the concentration of MBG in commercially available tablet formulations, as well as in plasma/urine samples. Furthermore, the strategy was extended to assess the content uniformity of MBG-containing products, providing results with satisfactory accuracy and precision. Importantly, this approach is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and can be readily implemented for quality control and routine monitoring of MBG in pharmaceutical products. The suggested approach was evaluated utilizing the RGB12 and BAGI tools. The outcomes abundantly show the practicability and integrity of the planned strategy.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of Histidine Sequence-Associated Tripeptide Sequences for Recognition of Copper Ions and Their Application to Live Cells","authors":"Xue-jiao Wang, Jun-lei Hao, Peng-cheng Lin, Xiao Li, Shen-ao Li, Jing-xuan Wang, Shui-juan Liu, Zhong-chang Wang, Ming-yong Gao, Jiang Wu","doi":"10.1002/bio.70095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Copper is central to many enzymes in living organisms, and imbalances in copper levels are linked to various diseases. Therefore, developing probes to detect copper ions is essential. Histidine, especially in the polypeptide sequences at the first three N-terminal positions (His1, His2, and His3), uniquely binds to copper ions. This study introduces three groups of tripeptide probes designed to monitor copper ion levels in living cells and organisms. The results show that tripeptides with histidine at the −2 position, specifically HDQL-2 (Asp-His-Gln-Dansyl), HMFM-2 (Met-His-Phe-Dansyl), and HDMB-2 (Asp-His-Met-Dansyl), exhibit a higher affinity for copper ions. These probes responded quickly to copper ions, demonstrating excellent fluorescence turn-off performance and stable detection within a pH range of 6.0–11.0. The detection limits for fluorescence titration, calculated using the 3σ/k equation, were 17.65 nM (HDQL-2), 18.04 nM (HMFM-2), and 15.50 nM (HDMB-2). Peptide probes are ideal for detecting copper ions in living cells via fluorescence imaging because of their low toxicity and good biocompatibility. The fluorescence intensity decreases as copper ion content changes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LuminescencePub Date : 2025-02-09DOI: 10.1002/bio.70118
Velu Manikandan, Velu Subash, Palaniyappan Jayanthi, Bontu Habtamu Geremew, R. Mythili, Kwang Soup Song
{"title":"Bio-Inspired Synthesis of Luminescent AgNPs Using Groundnut Oil Cake Extract for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Orange II Dye","authors":"Velu Manikandan, Velu Subash, Palaniyappan Jayanthi, Bontu Habtamu Geremew, R. Mythili, Kwang Soup Song","doi":"10.1002/bio.70118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The development of bio-fabrication techniques for nanoparticles has gained significant attention due to their cost-effectiveness, sustainability, and prospective for environmental applications. In this research, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully fabricated using groundnut oil cake (GOC) extract as a reducing agent. The bioactive compounds in GOC, such as phenolic acids and flavonoids, played a crucial role in reducing silver nitrate into stable AgNPs in an aqueous solution. The use of GOC extract as a green reducing agent highlights the eco-friendly nature of the synthesis process. UV–visible spectroscopy confirmed the successful fabrication of AgNPs. The synthesis process was most efficient at a neutral pH of 7. The structural and morphological characteristics of the AgNPs were examined using advanced characterization methods such as EDS, TEM, FTIR, and XRD. TEM analysis revealed that the AgNPs ranged in size from 14 to 50 nm on average. The green-synthesized AgNPs showed outstanding photocatalytic performance, degrading 99.3% of Orange II dye in 120 min under visible light. Their spherical shape enhances charge separation and photocatalytic efficiency. The eco-friendly and cost-effective synthesis approach using GOC extract emphasizes the potential of these AgNPs for sustainable water purification and environmental remediation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The FRET-Based APTA Sensor/Cy3 Complex for Glucose Determination","authors":"Ghasem Rezanejade Bardajee, Afsaneh Rahimi Chahrogh, Mojdeh Atashkadi","doi":"10.1002/bio.70097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.70097","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study developed a sensitive and cost-effective fluorescent probe based on the Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) method to monitor blood glucose levels. The APTA sensor/Cy3 probe consisted of cadmium telluride quantum dots modified with thioglycolic acid (CdTe-TGA QDs), a thiol-glucose-aptamer, and a Cy3-labeled aptamer. Due to the well-matched emission spectrum of the CdTe QDs and the absorption spectrum of Cy3, the FRET system decreased fluorescence intensity. However, glucose molecules quenched it when introduced to the system. The linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and glucose concentration was established with a detection limit of 7.72 × 10<sup>−9</sup> M. The APTA sensor/Cy3 complex demonstrated excellent selectivity and specificity toward glucose and a high recovery rate of 96.00–101.11% in human serum and urine using the spiking method. The structural and morphological characteristics of the APTA sensor/Cy3 complex were confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses. The results suggest that the FRET-based APTA sensor/Cy3 complex would lead to the development of fluorescent probes for screening biological metabolites in clinical diagnostics and research.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LuminescencePub Date : 2025-02-06DOI: 10.1002/bio.70116
Dajiang Wang, Ping Ji, Xiaomei Liu, Xin Hu
{"title":"Peptide Fluorescent Probes Based on Aggregation-Induced Emission for the Detection of Ni2+ and Zn2+ in Different Buffer Systems","authors":"Dajiang Wang, Ping Ji, Xiaomei Liu, Xin Hu","doi":"10.1002/bio.70116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.70116","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heavy metal contamination has emerged as a significant global environmental concern. The contamination of Ni<sup>2+</sup> and Zn<sup>2+</sup> has attracted increasing attention, not only because of the pollution it causes but also because of the potential risks it poses to human health. It is of great importance to explore sensitive and rapid analytical methods for the accurate detection of Ni<sup>2+</sup> and Zn<sup>2+</sup>. This paper presents the design and synthesis of a peptide fluorescent probe, TPE-HN (TPE-Pro-Trp-His-Glu-Phe-Gln-NH<sub>2</sub>), coupled with a peptide to tetraphenylethylene (TPE). The aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect has been employed to construct a rapid ‘turn-on’ assay for Ni<sup>2+</sup>and Zn<sup>2+</sup> peptide fluorescent probes. The probe is capable of qualitatively detecting Ni<sup>2+</sup> and Zn<sup>2+</sup> in different buffer systems and can be distinguished by changes in buffer systems. The limit of detection for Ni<sup>2+</sup> and Zn<sup>2+</sup> in a 15% buffer solution was 9.613 mM (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.9924), whereas the limit of detection for Ni<sup>2+</sup> in a 20% buffer solution was 1.215 mM (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.9922). The probe exhibits high sensitivity, high cell permeability and low biotoxicity, rendering it suitable for live-cell imaging under biological conditions. This demonstrates that TPE-HN is capable of detecting Ni<sup>2+</sup> and Zn<sup>2+</sup> in biological environments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LuminescencePub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1002/bio.70115
Katarzyna Maria Szufa, Renata Majgier
{"title":"Portable Helios Reader for an Unknown Dose Recovery Procedures From KCl Dietary Supplements Using the Luminescence Method","authors":"Katarzyna Maria Szufa, Renata Majgier","doi":"10.1002/bio.70115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During unexpected accidents involving ionizing radiation, quick assessments of doses to public exposed to hazard conditions are crucial. For this purpose, selected household materials can be used as radiation detectors by combining them with a portable reading device. Potassium dietary supplements based on potassium chloride in combination with a portable luminescence reader can be a promising dosimetry tool in such emergency situations. In the paper, results of unknown dose reconstruction based on tablets and pills with granules using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) method are presented. Some OSL properties were examined: reproducibility of OSL as standard deviation of the OSL or sensitization of samples. Reconstructed doses were compared with dose delivered to BeO detectors. The results obtained for tablets were similar to BeO doses, while pill doses were differential, up to 37%. Overall reconstructed doses were on the same order of magnitude as BeO ones. The measurements were conducted using portable Helios reader due to its ability to measure samples of various shapes and sizes, which is not possible in other OSL reader. The development of mobile readers for emergency use is important because they enable rapid dose assessment on-site without the need for lengthy and expensive laboratory procedures.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Facile One-Pot Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Ultrafast Spectroscopic Characterization of Nitrogen–Sulfur-Codoped Carbon Quantum Dots","authors":"Yeduru Venkatesh, Sadashiv Wadepalli, Prakriti Ranjan Bangal, Parimi Venkata Subrahmanyam Naidu, Podilapu Atchutha Rao","doi":"10.1002/bio.70108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We report an eco-friendly, cost-effective, one-pot microwave-assisted synthesis of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon quantum dots (N,S-CQDs) using citric acid and thiourea in formamide without surface passivation. The N,S-CQDs were characterized by HRTEM, FE-SEM, XRD, EDX, FTIR, Raman, and XPS, confirming monodispersed spherical particles of 4.8 nm with an amorphous carbon phase containing oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. The comprehensive photophysical studies of N,S-CQD employed by steady state and different time-resolved spectroscopic techniques (TCSPC, Ultrafast Time-Resolved Fluorescence Up-Conversion and Femtosecond Transient Absorption techniques). These N,S-CQDs show broad UV–visible to near-infrared absorption with peaks near 300 and 400 nm and emit strong blue photoluminescence at 360 nm excitation, with a quantum yield of ~8.4%. Time-resolved spectroscopy (TCSPC, fluorescence up-conversion, transient absorption) reveals multiexponential carrier relaxation with time constants from 0.5 ps to > 500 ps, including a 360 ps rise component and three distinct decay components, indicating complex fluorescence driven by surface defects. Ultrafast decay components correspond to thermal cooling of hot excitons, while later decays relate to carrier trapping at surface states. The tunable optical properties and carrier dynamics make N,S-CQDs promising for optoelectronic applications such as LEDs, sensors, and photodetectors, with further enhancement possible through surface engineering and defect control.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multifunctional Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate Fe 3O4 @AgNPs@MIL-101 for Pretreatment and Rapid Detection of Pesticide Residues on the Surface of Fruit Peels","authors":"Mingyu Zhang, Yizhuo Tian, Sijia Liu, Yu Wang, Haiyan Li, Yafei Chen, Qing Gao, Xinli Wang, Mingli Chen","doi":"10.1002/bio.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A multifunctional surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@AgNPs@MIL-101 was prepared. Rapid SERS detection of pesticide residues was realized by direct pre-enrichment and separation on the peel surface. MIL-101 has an ortho-octahedral framework and large pore size, which endowed Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@AgNPs@MIL-101 with the ability to rapidly adsorb and separate positively charged targets. The introduction of tannic acid realized the in situ growth of AgNPs on the backbone, to modulate the electromagnetic enhancement. Pesticide molecules were adsorbed onto the surface of AgNPs mediated by central S atoms, accompanied by the interaction between pesticide molecules and AgNPs, the corresponding SERS signals of different pesticides were observed. Together with the introduction of magnetic coating Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, the molecules were enriched in the hotspot and separated to further enhance the SERS performance. Magnet instead of centrifugation was used to simultaneously perform surface extraction and sample separation for a noninvasive, rapid, immediate, and portable assay. The method was accomplished in measurement of thiram and thiabendazole on apple and tangerine epidermis, and the limits of detection (LODs) were 20 ng/cm<sup>2</sup> and 4 μg/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The recovery was reasonable, and it showed that the procedure is valuable for the rapid and nondestructive surface analysis of residual chemicals.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LuminescencePub Date : 2025-02-02DOI: 10.1002/bio.70039
Ali Yazdani, Mohammad Mahdi Ochi, Nafiseh Hassani, Maryam Saber, Ahmadreza Okhovat, Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh
{"title":"Biological and Chemical Assessment of the Liposomes Carrying a Herbal MRI Contrast Agent","authors":"Ali Yazdani, Mohammad Mahdi Ochi, Nafiseh Hassani, Maryam Saber, Ahmadreza Okhovat, Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh","doi":"10.1002/bio.70039","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bio.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the development and characterization of liposomes as carriers for a novel herbal contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Liposomes were synthesized using phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol for the lipid bilayer membrane and a polar fraction isolated from the “Suaeda” plant for the aqueous phase. The encapsulation efficiency, size, zeta potential, stability, and morphology of the liposomes were evaluated using various techniques. Additionally, by cytotoxicity assays, we contrasted the toxicity of the encapsulated contrast agent to the nonencapsulated form. Finally, relaxivity computations were performed to assess the suitability of the liposomal agent for MRI applications. The liposomal contrast agent had suitable physical properties (stable mean size of 163 nm and zeta potential of −60 mV) and better biochemical characteristics than nonencapsulated media. The liposomal agent demonstrated increased relaxivity and acceptable cytotoxicity with a contrast-making concentration. Therefore, the encapsulated herbal contrast agent can be useful for biological applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49902,"journal":{"name":"Luminescence","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}