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The Role of Anthropologic Measurements in Pectus Carinatum Brace Treatment Evaluation 人类学测量在胸突支架治疗评价中的作用
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术
Measurement Science Review Pub Date : 2022-01-21 DOI: 10.2478/msr-2022-0006
P. Omanik, K. Kozlíková, Natália Daumová, V. Schmidtová, I. Béder
{"title":"The Role of Anthropologic Measurements in Pectus Carinatum Brace Treatment Evaluation","authors":"P. Omanik, K. Kozlíková, Natália Daumová, V. Schmidtová, I. Béder","doi":"10.2478/msr-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msr-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: Brace treatment in children with pectus carinatum has become the method of choice during the last decade. The authors evaluate the role of anthropometric measurements in diagnostic and treatment processes. Methods: A prospective study, analysing a compressive brace treatment for pectus carinatum, performed between January 2018 and September 2020. Demographic data, anthropometric dimensions and indexes of the chest, data connected to an orthosis usage, as well as ongoing treatment outcomes were analysed. Results: Forty-seven consecutive patients aged between 10 to 18 years with pectus carinatum were prescribed a compressive brace. Thirtynine of them (83 %) reached clinically positive results while wearing the orthosis for 6 ± 3 months. An improvement in the sagittal chest diameter was 0.5 cm – 2.8 cm (mean 1.0 cm ± 0.5 cm) and an improvement of the Thoracic Index was 0.8 % – 25.1 % (6.4 % ± 4.5 %) by using the brace on average for (6 ± 2) hours a day. Conclusion: Clinical anthropometric measurements can evaluate the dimensions of chest wall and treatment progress in patients with pectus carinatum precisely and thus replace the need for more complex examinations requiring X-rays.","PeriodicalId":49848,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Science Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"50 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44824938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Problem of Total Harmonic Distortion Measurement Performed by Smart Energy Meters 智能电能表测量总谐波失真问题
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术
Measurement Science Review Pub Date : 2022-01-21 DOI: 10.2478/msr-2022-0001
P. Kuwałek, G. Wiczyński
{"title":"Problem of Total Harmonic Distortion Measurement Performed by Smart Energy Meters","authors":"P. Kuwałek, G. Wiczyński","doi":"10.2478/msr-2022-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msr-2022-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Currently, electricity is treated as commodity that should be delivered from a distributor to a consumer with a certain quality. The power quality is defined by the set of measures with specific limit values. One of the basic measures is the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), which allows to assess the level of the voltage distortion. The measurement of THD ratio should be carried out in accordance with the normative specification. It is assumed that this requirement is met by class A power quality analyzers. Currently, measures are taken to monitor power quality in a large number of measurement points with the use of smart energy meters that are part of the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). The paper presents the problem of THD ratio measurement by AMI meters if voltage fluctuations occur. In such situation, inconsistency in measurement results of AMI meters and class A power quality analyzers occurs. The problem is presented on the basis of laboratory study results in which disturbances in power grid are recreated.","PeriodicalId":49848,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Science Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42082389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
A Measurement Method of Determining the Power Supply Parameters for the Optimal Operation of a Synchronous Motor 一种确定同步电机最佳运行电源参数的测量方法
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术
Measurement Science Review Pub Date : 2022-01-21 DOI: 10.2478/msr-2022-0002
H. Banach
{"title":"A Measurement Method of Determining the Power Supply Parameters for the Optimal Operation of a Synchronous Motor","authors":"H. Banach","doi":"10.2478/msr-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msr-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article presents a measurement method for determining the power supply parameters for the optimal operation of a synchronous motor, i.e. operation with minimal losses in the entire load range. The measurement strategy is based on the search for the minimum sum of the power supplied to the excitation circuit and the stator circuit for the assumed load torque values. The process of searching for the minimum sum of power can be significantly shortened and simplified by using a network parameter meter. The research confirmed the usefulness of the proposed method for determining the optimal operation parameters of a synchronous motor. The tested motor was a machine with a cylindrical rotor, but the developed method will also be applicable to synchronous machines with salient pole rotors.","PeriodicalId":49848,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Science Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"11 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45726462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Using Signal Phase in Computerized Systems of Non-destructive Testing 信号相位在无损检测计算机系统中的应用
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术
Measurement Science Review Pub Date : 2022-01-21 DOI: 10.2478/msr-2022-0004
Z. Mei, Y. Kuts, O. Kochan, I. Lysenko, O. Levchenko, H. Vlakh-Vyhrynovska
{"title":"Using Signal Phase in Computerized Systems of Non-destructive Testing","authors":"Z. Mei, Y. Kuts, O. Kochan, I. Lysenko, O. Levchenko, H. Vlakh-Vyhrynovska","doi":"10.2478/msr-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msr-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Phase methods of measuring physical quantities and phase measuring equipment are widely used in various fields of science and technology. The article proposes a signal processing methodology based on a combination of the discrete Hilbert transform (DHT) and deterministic, as well as statistical methods of phase measurement. This methodology makes it possible to more fully use the information resource of the measuring signal phase in a wide range of the signal-to-noise ratio. It can be used both in computerized measurement and testing systems, as well as in the processing of measurement data. The benefits of the DHT are considered. The possibility of using statistics of directional data for phase measurements is shown. Circular statistics, such as the mean ring value, circular variance and the resulting vector length, were proposed for use in the phase measurements. Some examples of the use of this methodology in measurements and non-destructive testing are given.","PeriodicalId":49848,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Science Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"32 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49395747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Investigation of Functional Dependency between the Characteristics of the Machining Process and Flatness Error Measured on a CMM 三坐标测量机测量平面度误差与加工过程特性的函数相关性研究
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术
Measurement Science Review Pub Date : 2021-10-26 DOI: 10.2478/msr-2021-0022
B. Strbac, D. Rodić, M. Delić, B. Savković, M. Hadzistevic
{"title":"Investigation of Functional Dependency between the Characteristics of the Machining Process and Flatness Error Measured on a CMM","authors":"B. Strbac, D. Rodić, M. Delić, B. Savković, M. Hadzistevic","doi":"10.2478/msr-2021-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msr-2021-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Numerous studies have shown that the choice of measurement strategy (number and position of measurement points) when measuring form error on a coordinate-measuring machine (CMM) depends on the characteristics of the machining process which was used to machine the examined surface. The accuracy of form error assessment is the primary goal of verification procedures and accuracy is considered perfect only in the case of the ideal verification operator. Since the ideal verification operator in the “point-by-point” measuring mode is almost never used in practice, the aim of this study was to examine a relationship which had not been examined in earlier studies, namely how the machining process, surface roughness and a reduced number of points in the measurement strategy affect the accuracy of flatness error assessment. The research included four most common cutting processes applied to flat surfaces divided into nine different classes of roughness. In order to determine functional dependency between the observed input variables and the output, statistical regression models and neuro-fuzzy logic (artificial intelligence tool) were used. The analyses confirmed the significance of all three input parameters, with surface roughness being the most significant one. Both the statistical regression models and neuro-fuzzy models proved to be adequate, matching the experimental results. The use of these models makes it possible to determine flatness error measured on a CMM if input variables considered in the paper are known.","PeriodicalId":49848,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Science Review","volume":"21 1","pages":"158 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45064665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of Errors in Active Power and Energy Measurements Under Random Harmonic Distortion Conditions 随机谐波失真条件下有功功率和能量测量误差分析
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术
Measurement Science Review Pub Date : 2021-10-26 DOI: 10.2478/msr-2021-0023
Kiril Demerdziev, V. Dimchev
{"title":"Analysis of Errors in Active Power and Energy Measurements Under Random Harmonic Distortion Conditions","authors":"Kiril Demerdziev, V. Dimchev","doi":"10.2478/msr-2021-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msr-2021-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As harmonic distortion of voltage and current is reality in the power system, the need for accurate measurement of electrical power and energy goes beyond the instruments’ specifications and calibration procedures regarding pure sine wave signals. Several international standards and recommendations provide test signals for examination of electricity meters under non-sinusoidal conditions, however, not all of the test signal parameters’ possible states are faithfully represented in those documents. Because the high order harmonics may possess random amplitudes and phase shifts in relation to components at fundamental frequency, it is important that the meter’s performance is verified with random waveforms as well. The non-linear dependence between the measured power/energy and the phase shifts, both between fundamental and harmonic components, provides additional complexity of such an analysis. Simple test signals, which are in accordance with the standards’ demands and propositions, are used for determination of the measurement error in case of different harmonic distortion parameter change. In order for a general error function for any measurement device to be determined, mathematical modelling, regarding the results from multiple tests, is performed. The mathematical model presents a strong dependence between a single component’s phase shifts and a meter’s error and it provides a systematization of all signal parameters’ influence on the measurement accuracy.","PeriodicalId":49848,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Science Review","volume":"21 1","pages":"168 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44037579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Calibration of NMR Receiver using Spectrometer Characteristics 利用谱仪特性标定核磁共振接收机
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术
Measurement Science Review Pub Date : 2021-10-26 DOI: 10.2478/msr-2021-0028
P. Andris, T. Dermek, I. Frollo
{"title":"Calibration of NMR Receiver using Spectrometer Characteristics","authors":"P. Andris, T. Dermek, I. Frollo","doi":"10.2478/msr-2021-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msr-2021-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article describes the measurement of the relation between input and output signals using two techniques: with a signal generator and with the thermal noise of a known resistance. Each of the techniques has its advantages and disadvantages. Both methods are tested and the results are compared. The input signal of the receiver is known in volts, while the output signal is in ADC (analogue-to-digital converter) units. It is the main difference versus the gain. Knowledge of the relation enables recalculation of the output signal into the input of the receiver or vice versa. It is important in some experiments. The method with the harmonic signal requires a suitable NMR spectroscopic console, generator of the harmonic signal and an attenuator, the method with the noise requires only the NMR console. It indicates that both methods are simple and cheap. The measured data are processed on a standard PC using common programs.","PeriodicalId":49848,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Science Review","volume":"21 1","pages":"205 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48156635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A New Design of Large-format Streak Tube with Single-lens Focusing System 大幅面条纹管单透镜聚焦系统的新设计
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术
Measurement Science Review Pub Date : 2021-10-26 DOI: 10.2478/msr-2021-0026
L. Tian, Lingbin Shen, Lin Chen, Lili Li, Jinshou Tian, Ping Chen, Wei Zhao
{"title":"A New Design of Large-format Streak Tube with Single-lens Focusing System","authors":"L. Tian, Lingbin Shen, Lin Chen, Lili Li, Jinshou Tian, Ping Chen, Wei Zhao","doi":"10.2478/msr-2021-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msr-2021-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Streak tubes with large-format and high spatial resolution are central to mm-spatial-resolved STIL detection system and hyperspectral resolved ICF experiment. In this paper, we established a large-format streak tube with a three-coaxial-cylindrical single-lens focusing system, a spherically curved photocathode and phosphor screen model in CST Particle Studio. The temporal and spatial resolution were calculated and mimicked based on the Monte-Carlo sampling method in static and dynamic mode. The simulated results show that the static spatial resolution reaches 50 lp/mm over the whole 50 mm effective photocathode length, and the physical temporal resolution is better than 45 ps. Furthermore, in dynamic working mode, the streak tube can achieve spatial resolution of 10 lp/mm and temporal resolution of 60 ps. The simulation results will be used to guide the design and production for large-format with high spatial resolution streak tube development.","PeriodicalId":49848,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Science Review","volume":"21 1","pages":"191 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45203119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Uncertainty of Thermographic Temperature Measurement with an Additional close-up Lens 附加特写镜头热成像温度测量的不确定度
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术
Measurement Science Review Pub Date : 2021-10-26 DOI: 10.2478/msr-2021-0025
K. Dziarski, A. Hulewicz
{"title":"Uncertainty of Thermographic Temperature Measurement with an Additional close-up Lens","authors":"K. Dziarski, A. Hulewicz","doi":"10.2478/msr-2021-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msr-2021-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The thermographic temperature measurement is burdened with uncertainty. This non-contact temperature measurement method makes it possible to measure the temperature of the electrical device under load. When the observed object is small (a few square millimeters) the spatial resolution of the thermographic cameras is often insufficient. In this case, the use of the additional macro lens is needed. After using an additional lens, the uncertainty of the thermographic measurement is different from the uncertainty of thermographic measurement without an additional lens. The values of the uncertainty contributions depend on the conditions during the measurement and the used methodology. The authors constructed an uncertainty budget of thermographic temperature measurement with an additional macro lens, based on EA-4/02 (European Accreditation publications). The uncertainty contributions were also calculated. On the basis of the calculated values of the uncertainty contributions, it was determined which factor had the greatest impact on the value of the thermographic temperature measurement with an additional lens.","PeriodicalId":49848,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Science Review","volume":"21 1","pages":"185 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47512229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phase Variation Measurement in Mach–Zehnder Interferometric Switch Mach-Zehnder干涉开关相位变化测量
IF 0.9 4区 工程技术
Measurement Science Review Pub Date : 2021-10-26 DOI: 10.2478/msr-2021-0024
Sichen Fan, Jun Ruan, Dandan Liu, Xinliang Wang, Fan Yang, Yong Guan, Hui Zhang, Junru Shi, Yang Bai, Shougang Zhang
{"title":"Phase Variation Measurement in Mach–Zehnder Interferometric Switch","authors":"Sichen Fan, Jun Ruan, Dandan Liu, Xinliang Wang, Fan Yang, Yong Guan, Hui Zhang, Junru Shi, Yang Bai, Shougang Zhang","doi":"10.2478/msr-2021-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/msr-2021-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Phase variations of the interrogation field lead to frequency shifts in Ramsey-type atomic clocks. This paper reports the development of a 300 MHz Mach–Zehnder (MZ) switch that effectively suppresses phase-transient effects. Similar to MZ interferometers, this radio-frequency (RF) MZ switch comprises two arms that are power- and phase-matched with each other. By inserting a PIN diode RF switch in one arm, the other arm remains undisturbed, freeing it of the phase transient. Trigger phase fluctuation measurements are implemented by using a lock-in amplifier to extract the in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) demodulation data. The results show that the extinction ratio of the RF MZ switch phase fluctuations is <5 μrad, which is significantly lower than that of a PIN (50 μrad). When applied to a cesium fountain clock, the RF MZ switch produces a frequency shift better than 1.73 × 10−16.","PeriodicalId":49848,"journal":{"name":"Measurement Science Review","volume":"21 1","pages":"180 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42739368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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