Medical Decision Making最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of a Surgeon Communication Strategy on Treatment Preference for Thyroid Cancer: A Randomized Trial.","authors":"Catherine B Jensen, Brandy Sinco, Megan C Saucke, Kyle J Bushaw, Alexis G Antunez, Corrine I Voils, Susan C Pitt","doi":"10.1177/0272989X251325837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X251325837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundCancer diagnosis causes emotional distress, which can influence patients' treatment choice. This study aimed to investigate the effect of increased emotionally supportive surgeon communication in a virtual setting on treatment preference for thyroid cancer.DesignThis randomized trial (NCT05132478), conducted from November 2021 to February 2023, enrolled adults with ≤4-cm thyroid nodules not requiring surgery. Participants were randomized 1:1 to watch a virtual clinic visit depicting a patient-surgeon treatment discussion for low-risk thyroid cancer. Control and intervention videos were identical except for added emotionally supportive communication in the intervention. The primary outcome was treatment preference for total thyroidectomy or lobectomy. Secondary outcomes were perceived physician empathy, physician trust, decisional confidence, and disease-specific knowledge. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed using conditional regression to account for stratification by sex. Qualitative content analysis evaluated participants' open-ended responses about treatment choice and surgeon communication.ResultsOf 208 eligible patients, 118 (56.7%) participated. Participants were 85.6% female and 88.1% White. Overall, 89.0% (<i>n</i> = 105) of participants preferred lobectomy, which was similar between the intervention and control groups (90.0% v. 87.9%, respectively, <i>P</i> = 0.72). Compared with control, participants who viewed the consultation with enhanced communication perceived higher levels of physician empathy (34.5 ± 5.8 v. 25.9 ± 9.1, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and reported increased trust in the physician (12.0 ± 2.6 v. 10.4 ± 3.1, <i>P</i> < 0.001). The groups were similar in decisional confidence (7.6 ± 2.1 v. 7.7 ± 1.9, <i>P</i> = 0.74) and disease-specific knowledge. Prominent qualitative themes among participants choosing thyroid lobectomy included desire to avoid daily thyroid hormone (<i>n</i> = 53) and concerns about surgical complications (<i>n</i> = 25).ConclusionsIn this randomized controlled study, a significant proportion of participants preferred thyroid lobectomy if diagnosed with low-risk thyroid cancer. Participants perceived increased empathy when provided even in the virtual setting, which was associated with increased trust in the physician.HighlightsIn this single-site, randomized controlled trial, enhanced emotionally supportive surgeon communication had no effect on hypothetical treatment preference for low-risk thyroid cancer.Participants who experienced enhanced emotionally supportive surgeon communication perceived higher physician empathy and reported greater trust in the physician.The incorporation of empathetic communication during surgical consultation for low-risk thyroid cancer promotes patient trust and perception of empathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49839,"journal":{"name":"Medical Decision Making","volume":" ","pages":"272989X251325837"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"People Living with Chronic Pain Experience a High Prevalence of Decision Regret in Canada: A Pan-Canadian Online Survey.","authors":"Florian Naye, Yannick Tousignant-Laflamme, Maxime Sasseville, Chloé Cachinho, Thomas Gérard, Karine Toupin-April, Olivia Dubois, Jean-Sébastien Paquette, Annie LeBlanc, Isabelle Gaboury, Marie-Ève Poitras, Linda C Li, Alison M Hoens, Marie-Dominique Poirier, France Légaré, Simon Décary","doi":"10.1177/0272989X251326069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X251326069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background(1) To estimate the prevalence of decision regret in chronic pain care, and (2) to identify factors associated with decision regret.DesignWe conducted a pan-Canadian cross-sectional online survey and reported the results following the Checklist for Reporting of Survey Studies guidelines. We recruited a sample of adults experiencing chronic noncancer pain. We used a stratified proportional random sampling based on the population and chronic pain prevalence of each province. We measured decision regret with the Decision Regret Scale (DRS) and decisional needs with the Ottawa Decision Support Framework. We performed descriptive analysis to estimate the prevalence and level of decision regret and multilevel multivariable regression analysis to identify factors associated with regret according to the STRengthening Analytical Thinking for Observational Studies recommendations.ResultsWe surveyed 1,649 people living with chronic pain, and 1,373 reported a most difficult decision from the 10 prespecified ones, enabling the collection of a DRS score. On a scale ranging from 0 to 100 where 1 reflects the presence of decision regret and 25 constitutes important decision regret, the mean DRS score in our sample was 28.8 (<i>s</i> = 19.6). Eighty-four percent of respondents experienced some decision regret and 50% at an important level. We identified 15 factors associated with decision regret, including 4 personal and 9 decision-making characteristics, and 2 consequences of the chosen option. Respondents with low education level and higher decisional conflict experienced more decision regret when the decision was deemed difficult.ConclusionsThis pan-Canadian survey highlighted a high prevalence and level of decision regret associated with difficult decisions for pain care. Decision making in pain care could be enhanced by addressing factors that contribute to decision regret.HighlightsWe conducted an online pan-Canadian survey and collected responses from a wide diversity of people living with chronic pain.More than 84% of respondents experienced decision regret and approximately 50% at an important level.We identified 15 factors associated with decision regret, including 4 personal and 9 decision-making characteristics, and 2 consequences of the chosen option.Our pan-Canadian survey reveals an urgent need of a shared decision-making approach in chronic pain care that can be potentiated by targeting multiple factors associated with decision regret.</p>","PeriodicalId":49839,"journal":{"name":"Medical Decision Making","volume":" ","pages":"272989X251326069"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health State Utility Values: The Implications of Patient versus Community Ratings in Assessing the Value of Care.","authors":"Risha Gidwani, Katherine W Saylor, Louise B Russell","doi":"10.1177/0272989X251326600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X251326600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundHealth-state utility values (HSUVs) are key inputs into cost-utility analyses. There is debate over whether they are best derived from the community or patients, with concerns raised that community-derived preferences may devalue benefits to ill, elderly, or disabled individuals. This tutorial compares the effects of using patient-derived HSUVs versus community-derived HSUVs on incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) and shows their implications for policy.DesignWe review published studies that compared HSUVs derived from patients and the community. We then present equations for the gains in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) that would be estimated for an intervention using patient versus community HSUVs and discuss the implications of those QALY gains. We present a numerical example as another way of showing how ICERs change when using patient versus community HSUVs.ResultsPatient HSUVs are generally higher than community HSUVs for severe health states. When an intervention reduces <i>mortality</i>, patient ratings yield more favorable ICERs than do community ratings. However, when the intervention reduces <i>morbidity</i>, patient ratings yield less favorable ICERs. For interventions that reduce both morbidity and mortality, the effect on ICERs of patient versus community HSUVs depends on the relative contribution of each to the resulting QALYs.ConclusionsThe use of patient HSUVs does not consistently favor treatments directed at those patients. Rather, the effect depends on whether the intervention reduces mortality, morbidity, or both. Since most interventions do both, using patient HSUVs has mixed implications for promoting investments for people with illness and disabilities. A nuanced discussion of these issues is necessary to ensure that policy matches the intent of the decision makers.HighlightsThe debate about whether health state utility values (HSUVs) are best derived from patients or the community rests in part on the presumption that using community values devalues interventions for disabled persons or those with chronic diseases.However, we show why the effect of using patient HSUVs depends on whether the intervention in question primarily reduces mortality or morbidity or has substantial effects on both.If the intervention reduces mortality, using patient HSUVs will make the intervention appear more cost-effective than using community HSUVs, but if it reduces morbidity, using patient HSUVs will make the intervention appear less cost-effective.If the intervention reduces both morbidity and mortality, a common situation, the effect of patient versus community HSUVs depends on the relative magnitudes of the gains in quality and length of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":49839,"journal":{"name":"Medical Decision Making","volume":" ","pages":"272989X251326600"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Nonparametric Approach for Estimating the Effective Sample Size in Gaussian Approximation of Expected Value of Sample Information.","authors":"Linke Li, Hawre Jalal, Anna Heath","doi":"10.1177/0272989X251324936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X251324936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effective sample size (ESS) measures the informational value of a probability distribution in terms of an equivalent number of study participants. The ESS plays a crucial role in estimating the expected value of sample information (EVSI) through the Gaussian approximation approach. Despite the significance of ESS, except for a limited number of scenarios, existing ESS estimation methods within the Gaussian approximation framework are either computationally expensive or potentially inaccurate. To address these limitations, we propose a novel approach that estimates the ESS using the summary statistics of generated datasets and nonparametric regression methods. The simulation experiments suggest that the proposed method provides accurate ESS estimates at a low computational cost, making it an efficient and practical way to quantify the information contained in the probability distribution of a parameter. Overall, determining the ESS can help analysts understand the uncertainty levels in complex prior distributions in the probability analyses of decision models and perform efficient EVSI calculations.HighlightsEffective sample size (ESS) quantifies the informational value of probability distributions, essential for calculating the expected value of sample information (EVSI) using the Gaussian approximation approach. However, current ESS estimation methods are limited by high computational demands and potential inaccuracies.We propose a novel ESS estimation method that uses summary statistics and nonparametric regression models to efficiently and accurately estimate ESS.The effectiveness and accuracy of our method are validated through simulations, demonstrating significant improvements in computational efficiency and estimation accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49839,"journal":{"name":"Medical Decision Making","volume":" ","pages":"272989X251324936"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immediate Death: Not So Bad If You Discount the Future but Still Worse than It Should Be.","authors":"Eleanor M Pullenayegum, Marcel F Jonker, Henry Bailey, Bram Roudijk","doi":"10.1177/0272989X251325828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X251325828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesDiscrete choice experiments (DCEs) as a valuation method require preferences to be anchored on the quality-adjusted life-year scale, usually through tasks involving choices between immediate death and various impaired health states or between health states with varying durations of life. We sought to determine which anchoring approach aligns best with the composite time tradeoff (cTTO) method, with a view to informing a valuation protocol that uses DCEs in place of the cTTO.MethodsA total of 970 respondents from Trinidad and Tobago completed a DCE with duration survey. Tasks involved choosing between 2 lives with identical durations, followed by a third option, representing either full health for a number of years or immediate death. Data were analyzed using mixed logit models, both with and without exponential discounting for time preferences.ResultsAssuming linear time preferences, the estimated utility of immediate death was -2.1 (95% credible interval [CrI] -3.2 to -1.2) versus -0.28 (95% CrI -0.47, -0.10) when allowing for nonlinear time preferences. Under linear time preferences, the predicted health-state values anchored on duration had range (-1.03, 1) versus (0.34, 1) when anchored on immediate death. The ranges under nonlinear time preferences were (-0.54, 1) versus (-0.22, 1). The estimated discount parameter was 23% (95% CrI 22% to 25%).ConclusionsThe nonzero discount parameter indicates that time preferences were nonlinear. Nonlinear time preferences anchored on duration provided the closest match to the benchmark EQ-VT cTTO values in Trinidad and Tobago, whose range was (-0.6, 1). Thus, DCE with duration can provide similar values to cTTO provided that nonlinear time preferences are accounted for and anchoring is based on duration.HighlightsTime preferences for health states in Trinidad and Tobago were nonlinear.In discrete choice tasks, we show that immediate death has a utility less than zero.DCE utilities under nonlinear time preferences with anchoring on duration agreed well with cTTO utilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":49839,"journal":{"name":"Medical Decision Making","volume":" ","pages":"272989X251325828"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological Approaches for Incorporating Marginalized Populations into HPV Vaccine Modeling: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Jennifer C Spencer, Juan Yanguela, Lisa P Spees, Olufeyisayo O Odebunmi, Anna A Ilyasova, Caitlin B Biddell, Kristen Hassmiller Lich, Sarah D Mills, Colleen R Higgins, Sachiko Ozawa, Stephanie B Wheeler","doi":"10.1177/0272989X251325509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X251325509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background.</b> Delineation of historically marginalized populations in decision models can identify strategies to improve equity but requires assumptions in both model structure and stratification of input data. <b>Purpose.</b> We sought to characterize alternative methodological approaches for incorporating marginalized populations into human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine decision-support models. <b>Data Sources.</b> We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Embase from January 2006 through June 2022. <b>Study Selection.</b> We identified simulation models of HPV vaccination that refine any model input to specifically reflect a marginalized population. <b>Data Extraction.</b> We extracted data on key methodological decisions across modeling approaches to incorporate marginalized populations, including stratification of inputs, model structure, attribution of prevaccine disparities, calibration, validation, and sensitivity analyses. <b>Data Synthesis.</b> We identified 30 models that stratified inputs by sexual behavior (i.e., men who have sex with men), HIV infection status, race, ethnicity, income, rurality, or combinations of these. We identified 5 common approaches used to incorporate marginalized groups. These included models based primarily on differences in sexual behavior (k = 6), HPV cancer incidence (k = 10), cancer screening and care access (k = 4), and HPV natural history (through either direct incorporation of data [k = 10] or calibration [k = 5]). Few models evaluated sensitivity around their conceptualization of the marginalized group, and only 5 models validated outcomes for the marginalized group. <b>Limitations.</b> Evaluated studies reflected a variety of settings and research questions, making it difficult to evaluate the implications of differences across modeling approaches. <b>Conclusions.</b> Modelers should be explicit about the assumptions and theory driving their model structure and input parameters specific to key marginalized populations, such as the causes of prevaccination differences in outcomes. More emphasis is needed on model validation and rigorous sensitivity analysis.HighlightsWe identified 30 unique HPV vaccination models that incorporated marginalized populations, including populations living with HIV, low-income or rural populations, and individuals of a marginalized race, ethnicity, or sexual behavior.Methods for incorporating these populations, as well as the assumptions inherent in the modeling structure and parameter selections, varied substantially, with models explicitly or implicitly attributing prevaccine differences to alternative combinations of biological, behavioral, and societal mechanisms.Modelers seeking to incorporate marginalized populations should be transparent about assumptions underlying model structure and data and examine these assumptions in sensitivity analysis when possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":49839,"journal":{"name":"Medical Decision Making","volume":" ","pages":"272989X251325509"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Treatment Choices by Artificial Intelligence Correspond to Reality? Retrospective Comparative Research with Necrotizing Enterocolitis as a Use Case.","authors":"Rosa Verhoeven, Stella Mulia, Elisabeth M W Kooi, Jan B F Hulscher","doi":"10.1177/0272989X251324530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X251324530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundIn cases of surgical necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), the choice between laparotomy (LAP) or comfort care (CC) presents a complex, ethical dilemma. A behavioral artificial intelligence technology (BAIT) decision aid was trained on expert knowledge, providing an output as \"<i>x</i> percentage of experts advise laparotomy for this patient.\" This retrospective study aims to compare this output to clinical practice.DesignVariables required for the decision aid were collected of preterm patients with NEC for whom the decision of LAP or CC had been made. These data were used in 2 BAIT model versions: one center specific, built on the input of experts from the same center as the patients, and a nationwide version, incorporating the input of additional experts. The Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test compared the model output for the 2 groups (LAP/CC). In addition, model output was classified as advice for LAP or CC, after which the chi-square test assessed correspondence with observed decisions.ResultsForty patients were included in the study (20 LAP). Model output (<i>x</i> percentage of experts advising LAP) was higher in the LAP group than in the CC group (median 95.1% v. 46.1% in the center-specific version and 97.3% v. 67.5% in the nationwide version, both <i>P</i> < 0.001). With an accuracy of 85.0% by the center-specific and 80.0% by the nationwide version, both showed significant correspondence with observed decisions (<i>P</i> < 0.001).LimitationsWe are merely examining a proof of concept of the decision aid using a small number of participants from 1 center.ConclusionsThis retrospective study demonstrates that treatment choices by artificial intelligence align with clinical practice in at least 80% of cases.ImplicationsFollowing prospective validation and ongoing refinements, the decision aid may offer valuable support to practitioners in future NEC cases.HighlightsThis study assesses the output of behavioral artificial intelligence technology in deciding between laparotomy and comfort care in surgical necrotizing enterocolitis.The model output aligns with clinical practice in at least 80% of patient cases.Following prospective validation, the decision aid may offer valuable support to physicians working at the neonatal intensive care unit.</p>","PeriodicalId":49839,"journal":{"name":"Medical Decision Making","volume":" ","pages":"272989X251324530"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Patient Decision Aid Attributes on Patient Outcomes: A Network Meta-Analysis of a Systematic Review.","authors":"Dawn Stacey, Meg Carley, Janet Gunderson, Shu-Ching Hsieh, Shannon E Kelly, Krystina B Lewis, Maureen Smith, Robert J Volk, George Wells","doi":"10.1177/0272989X251318640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X251318640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patient decision aids (PtDAs) are effective interventions to help people participate in health care decisions. Although there are quality standards, PtDAs are complex interventions with variability in their attributes.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine and compare the effects of PtDA attributes (e.g., content elements, delivery timing, development) on primary outcomes for adults facing health care decisions.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing PtDAs to usual care.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Eligible RCTs measured at least 1 primary outcome: informed values choice, knowledge, accurate risk perception, decisional conflict subscales, and undecided.</p><p><strong>Data analysis: </strong>A network meta-analysis evaluated direct and indirect effects of PtDA attributes on primary outcomes.</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>Of 209 RCTs, 149 reported eligible outcomes. There was no difference in outcomes for PtDAs using implicit compared with explicit values clarification. Compared with PtDAs with probabilities, PtDAs without probabilities were associated with poorer patient knowledge (mean difference [MD] -3.86; 95% credible interval [CrI] -7.67, -0.03); there were no difference for other outcomes. There was no difference in outcomes when PtDAs presented information in ways that decrease cognitive demand and mixed results when PtDAs used strategies to enhance communication. Compared with PtDAs delivered in preparation for consultations, PtDAs used during consultations were associated with poorer knowledge (MD -4.34; 95% CrI -7.24, -1.43) and patients feeling more uninformed (MD 5.07; 95% CrI 1.06, 9.11). Involving patients in PtDA development was associated with greater knowledge (MD 6.56; 95% CrI 1.10, 12.03) compared with involving health care professionals alone.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>There were no direct comparisons between PtDAs with/without attributes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Improvements in knowledge were influenced by some PtDA content elements, using PtDA content before the consultation, and involving patients in development. There were few or no differences on other outcomes.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>This is the first known network meta-analysis conducted to determine the contributions of the different attributes of patient decision aids (PtDAs) on patient outcomes.There was no difference in outcomes when PtDAs used implicit compared with explicit values clarification.There were greater improvements in knowledge when PtDAs included information on probabilities, PtDAs were used in preparation for the consultation or development included patients on the research team.There was no difference in outcomes when PtDAs presented information in ways that decrease cognitive demand and mixed results when PtDAs used strategies to enhance communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":49839,"journal":{"name":"Medical Decision Making","volume":" ","pages":"272989X251318640"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Risk Tolerance for Ovarian Cancer Prevention Strategies during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Discrete Choice Experiment.","authors":"Brian L Egleston, Mary B Daly, Kaitlyn Lew, Lisa Bealin, Alexander D Husband, Jill E Stopfer, Pawel Przybysz, Olga Tchuvatkina, Yu-Ning Wong, Judy E Garber, Timothy R Rebbeck","doi":"10.1177/0272989X241302829","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0272989X241302829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prior to COVID-19, little was known about how risks associated with such a pandemic would compete with and influence patient decision making regarding cancer risk reducing medical decision making. We investigated how the pandemic affected preferences for medical risk-reducing strategies among women at elevated risk of breast or ovarian cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a discrete choice experiment. Women about to undergo genetic testing and counseling at 2 medical centers participated. Enrollment occurred between 2019 and 2022, allowing us to investigate changes in preferences from before the pandemic to after the pandemic. Women chose from permuted scenarios that specified type of surgery, age of menopause, quality of menopausal symptoms, and risk of ovarian cancer, heart disease, or osteoporosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 355 women, with a median age of 36 y, participated. In 2019, women were less likely to choose prevention scenarios with higher ovarian cancer risk (odds ratio [OR] = 0.42 per 10-point increase in risk, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.22-0.61). In June 2020, the effect of higher ovarian cancer risk scenarios on choice was attenuated (OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.68-1.04), with the effect becoming more salient again by July 2021 (OR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.52-0.67) (<i>P</i> = 0.039 for test of temporal interaction). No other attribute demonstrated a temporal trend.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The risks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic may have attenuated the impact of risk of ovarian cancer on choice of risk-reducing prevention strategies for ovarian cancer. The maximum attenuation occurred at the beginning of the pandemic when access to risk-reducing surgery was most restricted. Our findings highlight how individuals evaluate competing health risks and adjust their uptake of cancer prevention strategies when faced with a future pandemic or similar global crisis.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>In this discrete choice experiment, women were much less likely to choose prevention scenarios that had higher ovarian cancer risk prior to the COVID-19 pandemic than after the pandemic.The attenuation of preferences may have persisted through 2022.COVID-19 may have altered the relative importance of factors that motivate women to undergo risk-reducing surgeries.</p>","PeriodicalId":49839,"journal":{"name":"Medical Decision Making","volume":" ","pages":"168-176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Fast Nonparametric Sampling Method for Time to Event in Individual-Level Simulation Models.","authors":"David U Garibay-Treviño, Hawre Jalal, Fernando Alarid-Escudero","doi":"10.1177/0272989X241308768","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0272989X241308768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Highlights: </strong>The nonparametric sampling method is generic and can sample times to an event from any discrete (or discretizable) hazard without requiring any parametric assumption.The method is showcased with 5 commonly used distributions in discrete-event simulation models.The method produced very similar expected times to events, as well as their probability distribution, compared with analytical results.We provide a multivariate categorical sampling function for R and Python programming languages to sample times to events from processes with different hazards simultaneously.</p>","PeriodicalId":49839,"journal":{"name":"Medical Decision Making","volume":" ","pages":"205-213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}