Medicina Del Lavoro最新文献

{"title":"Developing a Feasible Integrated Framework for Occupational Heat Stress Protection: A Step Towards Safer Working Environments.","authors":"Georgios Gourzoulidis, Flora Gofa, Leonidas G Ioannou, Ioannis Konstantakopoulos, Andreas D Flouris","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Specialized occupational health and safety (OHS) issues are covered at the EU level through detailed legislation and guidelines. Unfortunately, this does not extend to occupational heat stress, not only in Greece but also (with few exceptions) internationally. One possible explanation could be the difficulty in accurately identifying the dangerous conditions, as many environmental and individualized elements are involved, and hundreds of \"thermal stress indicators\" are available. Another explanation could be the difficulty in adequately measuring hazardous conditions for workers affected more (i.e., outdoor and high intensity) since the biological protection framework is based on the human body's internal temperature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) has been proposed as the most efficacious thermal stress indicator. Since 2021, the Hellenic National Meteorological Service has provided 48-h WBGT forecast predictions to serve as a first level of alert. Real-time measurements and 48-h forecasts of WBGT are also available through a smartphone application. Additionally, as revealed when developing the occupational heat stress legislation in Cyprus and Qatar, crucial first steps are identifying the specific characteristics of worker exposure and the tripartite collaboration between employers, workers, and the State.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Evaluating the simplified WBGT forecasted values and the smartphone application estimates proved well-established. The sound scientific basis can be effectively combined with administrative measures based on the EU OHS legislative experience to produce practical solutions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As the climate crisis exacerbates, worker productivity and well-being will decline, underscoring the urgent need for an integrated protection framework. Such a framework is proposed here.</p>","PeriodicalId":49833,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Del Lavoro","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10627097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50159163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recognized Occupational Diseases in Italy's Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Liguria Regions (2010-2021).","authors":"Francesca Larese Filon, Jessica Granzotto, Antonio Bignotto, Barbara Alessandrini, Paolo Barbina, Francesca Rui","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study of recognized occupational diseases trend is important to understand the preventive approach needed in the future, however, while numbers of occupational diseases are available on web, data on incidence are missing. The aim of our study was to analyze the trend and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of recognized occupational diseases in Italy, in Friuli-Venezia Giulia region (FVG) and Liguria region from 2010 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Numbers of recognized occupational diseases by the Italian National Insurance for Occupational Diseases (INAIL) were analyzed and incidence were calculated considered the total number of workforces in the area. A Poisson regression model was used to estimate incidence trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FVG region presented a higher incidence of all occupational diseases compared to Italy and to Liguria in the period considered. The overall incidence in 2019 was 175, 91.8 and 108 cases for 100,000 workers, for FVG, Liguria and Italy respectively. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) were the majority of occupational diseases with 100, 51 and 82.8 cases per 100,000 workers, in FVG, Liguria and Italy, respectively. Incidence of occupational cancers was 16, 10 and 4.9 cases per 100,000 workers, in FVG, Liguria and Italy, respectively. The annual change of incidence from 2010 to 2019 was positive for MSDs (IRR 1.06; 95%CI 1.06 to 1.07) and decreasing for the other causes in Italy. In FVG region the trend was positive for MSDs (IRR 1.05;95%CI 1.04 to 1.06), for respiratory diseases (IRR 1.03; 95%CI 1.00 to 1.05) and pleural plaques (IRR 1.03; 95%CI 1.00 to 1.06). In Liguria the trend was positive for MSDs (IRR 1.17; 95% CI 1.15-1.19) and for pleural plaques (IRR 1.07; 95%CI 1.03-1.12). Stable trends were found for cancers. Declining trend was shown for noise induced hearing loss and skin diseases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FVG region presented a higher incidence of recognized occupational diseases compared to Liguria region and Italian data. Results that can be explained by a higher propensity of claiming for occupational diseases in workers, mainly for MSDs disorders. For cancers and asbestos-related diseases the higher incidence can be attributable to high exposure to asbestos in FVG and Liguria workers mainly in shipyard and dock activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":49833,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Del Lavoro","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10627103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50159079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Excess Total Mortality in Italy in the First Semester of 2023 at All Ages and in the Working Age Population.","authors":"Gianfranco Alicandro,&nbsp;Alberto Gerli,&nbsp;Claudia Santucci,&nbsp;Stefano Centanni,&nbsp;Giuseppe Remuzzi,&nbsp;Carlo La Vecchia","doi":"10.23749/mdl.v114i5.15275","DOIUrl":"10.23749/mdl.v114i5.15275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Italy experienced a sustained excess in total mortality between March 2020 and December 2022, resulting in approximately 226,000 excess deaths. This study extends the estimate of excess mortality in the country until June 2023, evaluating the persistence of excess mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used mortality and population data from 2011 to 2019 to establish a baseline for expected deaths during the pandemic. Over-dispersed Poisson regression models were employed, stratified by sex, to predict expected deaths. These models included calendar year, age group, and a smoothed function for the day of the year as predictors. Excess mortality was then calculated for all ages and working ages (25-64 years).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From January to June 2023, we found a reduction in the number of deaths compared to the expected ones: 6,933 fewer deaths across all age groups and 1,768 fewer deaths in the working age category. This corresponds to a 2.1% and 5.2% decrease in mortality, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The excess mortality observed in Italy from March to December 2022 was no longer observed in the first six months of 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":49833,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Del Lavoro","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10627104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50159166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pride and Concern for Bibliometric Achievements: Deserved Results or Result of Cites Inflation?","authors":"Antonio Mutti","doi":"10.23749/mdl.v114i4.14990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23749/mdl.v114i4.14990","url":null,"abstract":",","PeriodicalId":49833,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Del Lavoro","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9e/a0/MDL-114-34.PMC10415845.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9981425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Work-Family Boundaries in the Digital Age: A Study in France on Technological Intrusion, Work-Family Conflict, and Stress.","authors":"Marianna Giunchi,&nbsp;Marco Peña-Jimenez,&nbsp;Sara Petrilli","doi":"10.23749/mdl.v114i4.14510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23749/mdl.v114i4.14510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since previous studies have shown that the request of off-work technology-assisted supplemental work (off-TASW) can contribute to blurring the boundaries between the work and family domain by increasing work- family conflict (WFC), the purpose of this study is to go further, investigating how this relationship impacts stress perceptions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional study that involved a sample of 221 French workers was carried out using a self-reported questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed by IBM SPSS 25.0 software, and a mediation model was tested.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that off-TASW was associated with higher levels of WFC (b=.32; p=.000), which was in turn associated with stress perceptions (b=.42; p=.000).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study contributes to un- derstanding how the intrusion of technologies during off-work times impacts workers' perceptions of psychological wellbeing through work-family conflict. These findings should encourage the debate on the risks of staying connected to work through technologies during off-work and leisure time and stimulate the promotion of campaigns to make workers aware of their right to disconnection, to the benefits of detachment from work and recovery experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":49833,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Del Lavoro","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f7/60/MDL-114-39.PMC10415849.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10357943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Professional Future in Operated Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study of Recognized Occupational Cases.","authors":"Hanene Ben Said,&nbsp;Khaoula Kaabi,&nbsp;Neila Kerkeni,&nbsp;Imen Youssef,&nbsp;Najla Mechergui,&nbsp;Dorra Brahim,&nbsp;Imen Youssfi,&nbsp;Meriem Mersni,&nbsp;Ghada Bahri,&nbsp;Mongi Hamdouni,&nbsp;Nizar Ladhari","doi":"10.23749/mdl.v114i4.13704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23749/mdl.v114i4.13704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is frequently present among workers. This syndrome's professional and economic impact makes it a priority in occupational health. We aimed to describe the professional future of workers suffering from occupational CTS after surgery and the factors that could influence their retention at the job. -Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of workers operated on occupational CTS was conducted from 2014 to 2019. The data was collected using pre-established and phone questionnaires to determine their professional future after surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 99 workers with operated CTS. They had a mean age of 45±6.5 years, were predominantly female (97%), and had two dependent children in 72.7% of cases. They worked as a seamstress in 44.4% of patients with a mean professional seniority of 18±7.2 years. The professional future was a return to work with a job transfer at 44.4% and job maintenance with ergonomic adjustments at 39.4%. A job loss was noticed in 12.2% of cases. Early retirement was noticed in 8.2%, dismissal in 3%, and resignation in 1% of cases. The factors influencing the professional future were age 50 to 59 years (p=0.01) and dependent children (p=0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In our survey, most operated-CTS workers benefited from a job transfer and kept their job with ergonomic adjustments to their work conditions. Therefore, interventions aiming to improve the professional future of workers operated on CTS by ensuring sufficient staff and adjusting workplaces are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49833,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Del Lavoro","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/73/dc/MDL-114-31.PMC10415846.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10357945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shoulder Tendinopathies and Occupational Biomechanical Overload: A Critical Appraisal of Available Evidence.","authors":"Stefania Curti,&nbsp;Stefano Mattioli,&nbsp;Francesco Saverio Violante","doi":"10.23749/mdl.v114i4.14537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23749/mdl.v114i4.14537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between occupational exposure to biomechanical risk factors and shoulder tendinopathies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We updated recent systematic reviews about specific shoulder disorders and work-related risk factors. MEDLINE was searched up to September 2022. Studies satisfying the following criteria were included: i) the diagnosis was based on physical examination plus imaging data (when available), and ii) the exposure assessment was based on video analysis and/or directly measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five studies met the inclusion criteria: three cross-sectional studies identified from published systematic reviews and two cohort studies retrieved from the update. Two studies investigated shoulder tendinitis, one supraspinatus tendinitis, and the other two rotator cuff syndrome. The diagnosis was based on physical examination, not supported by imaging techniques for all the included studies. In four out of five studies, the exposure was assessed by experienced ergonomists with the support of video recordings. In two studies, the exposure assessment was further supplemented by force gauge measurements or direct measurements of upper arm elevation. Only the combined exposure of working with arms above shoulder level with forceful hand exertion appears to be associated with rotator cuff syndrome: i) a cohort study reported an HR=1.11 (95%CI 1.01-1.22) for each unit increase in forceful repetition rate when the upper arm is flexed ≥45° for ≥29% of the working time; and ii) a cross-sectional study showed an OR=2.43 (95%CI 1.04-5.68) for the combination of upper arm flexion ≥45° for more than 15% of the time with a duty cycle of forceful exertions more than 9% of the time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is moderate evidence of a causal association between shoulder tendinopathy and combined exposures of working above shoulder level with forceful hand exertion. The evidence is insufficient for any single biomechanical exposure on its own. High-quality cohort studies with direct exposure measures and objective diagnostic criteria are needed. The occupational origin of shoulder tendinopathies is still an open question that must be properly answered.</p>","PeriodicalId":49833,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Del Lavoro","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9b/56/MDL-114-33.PMC10415850.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10357944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Occupational Diseases in Italian Industry and Services From 2006 To 2019.","authors":"Francesca Larese Filon,&nbsp;Ottavia Spadola,&nbsp;Claudio Colosio,&nbsp;Henk Van Der Molen","doi":"10.23749/mdl.v114i4.14637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23749/mdl.v114i4.14637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a paucity of data on occupational disease incidence in Italy, and we analyzed the trend on time as an incidence rate ratio (IRR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Occupational diseases reported to the Italian National Insurance for Occupational Diseases (INAIL) in industrial and services sectors from 2006 to 2019 were considered and analyzed. Annual case counts were analyzed using a Poisson regression model to estimate incidence trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of occupational diseases in the industrial and services sectors in 2019 was 261 cases for 100,000 workers, with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) representing 65% of the total cases, their incidence being 169.5 cases per 100,000 workers. The incidence of ear diseases (ED) decreased to 20.8 cases for 100,000 workers. The annual change in incidence (IRR) was 1.08 (CI 95% 1.07-1.11) for MSDs, 1.08 (CI 95% 1.06-1.10) for cancers, and 1.04 (CI 95% 1.03-1.06) for respiratory diseases. The trend was significantly negative for ear diseases, 0.96 (CI 95% 0.96-0.97), and skin diseases 0.93 (CI 95% 0.92-0.93). No changes were found for asbestos and mental diseases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>During the study period, occupational diseases increased in Italy, mainly for MSDs, due to a changeover in eligibility criteria from 2008. However, the overall incidence was lower than in other EU Countries. More efforts are needed to harmonize the legislation for joint action in the prevention and recognition of occupational diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":49833,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Del Lavoro","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d4/72/MDL-114-35.PMC10415848.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10357947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromosomal Aberrations, Micronuclei, Blood Parameters and Received Doses in Workers Exposed to Ionizing Radiation.","authors":"Jelena Djokovic,&nbsp;Srdjan Jankovic,&nbsp;Aleksandar Milovanovic,&nbsp;Petar Bulat","doi":"10.23749/mdl.v114i4.14280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23749/mdl.v114i4.14280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of low doses of ionizing radiation on healthcare workers using dosimeter data and several biomarkers of effects, and to asses the suitability of those tests.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the last medical examinations, obtained from the medical records of 148 employees were analysed. They were divided into three groups: nuclear medicine, interventional radiology and general radiology. The examination included hematological parameters and cytogenetical tests: unstable chromosomal aberrations (UCA) and micronucleus test (MNT). The received cumulative 5-year dose was calibrated into personal dose equivalents Hp(10).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant difference was found between the groups in the UCAs (c2=6.634, p=0.036) with the highest UCA frequency in nuclear medicine. The ANOVA showed a statistically significant difference in the values of erythrocytes (F(2,140)=3.715, p=0.027), monocytes (F(2,127)=3.326, p=0.039) and platelets (F(2,135)=4.209, p=0.017), with higher erythrocytes and lower platelets in interventional radiology and lower monocytes in nuclear medicine, all with small effect size. The dose was significantly different among the groups (c2 =22,191; p<0.001). The nuclear medicine workers received a higher dose compared to interventional radiology (U=458, p<0.001) and general radiology (U=510.5, p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nuclear medicine employees are at a higher risk of developing neoplastic and blood-related diseases due to consistent exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation. Results suggest that UCA test might be more suitable for detecting radiation-induced damage at low doses than MNT. Compulsory monitoring of the health status at periodic examinations is required to prevent occupational diseases, esp. among the nuclear medicine workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":49833,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Del Lavoro","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/82/3d/MDL-114-36.PMC10415844.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9981428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Exposure to Solar Radiation and the Eye: A Call to Implement Health Surveillance of Outdoor Workers.","authors":"Alberto Modenese,&nbsp;B Ralph Chou,&nbsp;Balázs Ádám,&nbsp;Tom Loney,&nbsp;Marilia Silva Paulo,&nbsp;Thomas Tenkate,&nbsp;Fabriziomaria Gobba","doi":"10.23749/mdl.v114i4.14657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23749/mdl.v114i4.14657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, hundreds of millions of outdoor workers are exposed to solar radiation (SR) for the majority of their working life. Such occupational exposure is known to induce various adverse health effects to the eyes, mainly related to its ultraviolet (UV) component. The present work is a call-to-action aimed at raising the awareness on the need of health surveillance for the prevention of the chronic ocular diseases in outdoor workers. Photo-chemical chronic damage can induce pterygium at the outer layer of the eye and cataract in the lens. Considering carcinogenic effects, rare squamous-cells tumors of the cornea and/or of the conjunctiva and the ocular melanomas are associated with UV radiation exposure. Solar UV-related eye diseases should be considered as \"occupational diseases\" when there is sufficient exposure in workers, but they are often not recognized, and/or frequently not reported to the national compensation authorities. Therefore, to prevent the burden of these work-related eye pathologies, an adequate risk assessment with identification of appropriate preventive measures, and a provision of periodic health surveillance to the exposed workers, in particular considering those at higher risk of exposure or with individual susceptibility, should be urgently implemented.</p>","PeriodicalId":49833,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Del Lavoro","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c0/41/MDL-114-32.PMC10415847.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9981426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}