Molecular Aspects of Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Molecular mechanisms of cancer cachexia. Role of exercise training","authors":"Eva Tamayo-Torres ,&nbsp;Amanda Garrido ,&nbsp;Rafael de Cabo ,&nbsp;Julián Carretero ,&nbsp;María Carmen Gómez-Cabrera","doi":"10.1016/j.mam.2024.101293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mam.2024.101293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cancer-associated cachexia represents a multifactorial syndrome mainly characterized by muscle mass loss, which causes both a decrease in quality of life and anti-cancer therapy failure, among other consequences. The definition and diagnostic criteria of cachexia have changed and improved over time, including three different stages (pre-cachexia, cachexia, and refractory cachexia) and objective diagnostic markers. This metabolic wasting syndrome is characterized by a negative protein balance, and anti-cancer drugs like chemotherapy or immunotherapy exacerbate it through relatively unknown mechanisms. Due to its complexity, cachexia management involves a multidisciplinary strategy including not only nutritional and pharmacological interventions. Physical exercise has been proposed as a strategy to counteract the effects of cachexia on skeletal muscle, as it influences the mechanisms involved in the disease such as protein turnover, inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review will summarize the experimental and clinical evidence of the impact of physical exercise on cancer-associated cachexia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49798,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Aspects of Medicine","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 101293"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098299724000529/pdfft?md5=043b63cf65d41888f643301387e1613b&pid=1-s2.0-S0098299724000529-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccines for breast cancer prevention: Are we there yet?","authors":"Shaveta Vinayak ,&nbsp;Denise L. Cecil ,&nbsp;Mary L. Disis","doi":"10.1016/j.mam.2024.101292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mam.2024.101292","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49798,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Aspects of Medicine","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 101292"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141582250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frailty and biological age. Which best describes our aging and longevity?","authors":"Judith Félix ,&nbsp;Irene Martínez de Toda ,&nbsp;Estefanía Díaz-Del Cerro ,&nbsp;Mónica González-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Mónica De la Fuente","doi":"10.1016/j.mam.2024.101291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mam.2024.101291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Frailty and Biological Age are two closely related concepts; however, frailty is a multisystem geriatric syndrome that applies to elderly subjects, whereas biological age is a gerontologic way to describe the rate of aging of each individual, which can be used from the beginning of the aging process, in adulthood. If frailty reaches less consensus on the definition, it is a term much more widely used than this of biological age, which shows a clearer definition but is scarcely employed in social and medical fields. In this review, we suggest that this Biological Age is the best to describe how we are aging and determine our longevity, and several examples support our proposal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49798,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Aspects of Medicine","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 101291"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141481458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoformulations for dismantling fungal biofilms: The latest arsenals of antifungal therapy","authors":"Payal Gupta ,&nbsp;Mukesh Kumar Meher ,&nbsp;Shweta Tripathi ,&nbsp;Krishna Mohan Poluri","doi":"10.1016/j.mam.2024.101290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mam.2024.101290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Globally, fungal infections have evolved as a strenuous challenge for clinicians, particularly in patients with compromised immunity in intensive care units. Fungal co-infection in Covid-19 patients has made the situation more formidable for healthcare practitioners. Surface adhered fungal population known as biofilm often develop at the diseased site to elicit antifungal tolerance and recalcitrant traits. Thus, an innovative strategy is required to impede/eradicate developed biofilm and avoid the formation of new colonies. The development of nanocomposite-based antibiofilm solutions is the most appropriate way to withstand and dismantle biofilm structures. Nanocomposites can be utilized as a drug delivery medium and for fabrication of anti-biofilm surfaces capable to resist fungal colonization. In this context, the present review comprehensively described different forms of nanocomposites and mode of their action against fungal biofilms. Amongst various nanocomposites, efficacy of metal/organic nanoparticles and nanofibers are particularly emphasized to highlight their role in the pursuit of antibiofilm strategies. Further, the inevitable concern of nanotoxicology has also been introduced and discussed with the exigent need of addressing it while developing nano-based therapies. Further, a list of FDA-approved nano-based antifungal formulations for therapeutic usage available to date has been described. Collectively, the review highlights the potential, scope, and future of nanocomposite-based antibiofilm therapeutics to address the fungal biofilm management issue.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49798,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Aspects of Medicine","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 101290"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141471955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hippo signaling modulation and its biological implications in urological malignancies","authors":"Tongyu Tong ,&nbsp;Mengjun Huang ,&nbsp;Binyuan Yan ,&nbsp;Bingbiao Lin ,&nbsp;Jiaying Yu ,&nbsp;Qiliang Teng ,&nbsp;Peng Li ,&nbsp;Jun Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.mam.2024.101280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mam.2024.101280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although cancer diagnosis and treatment have rapidly advanced in recent decades, urological malignancies, which have high morbidity and mortality rates, are among the most difficult diseases to treat. The Hippo signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway in organ size control and tissue homeostasis maintenance. Its downstream effectors, Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), are key modulators of numerous physiological and pathological processes. Recent work clearly indicates that Hippo signaling is frequently altered in human urological malignancies. In this review, we discuss the disparate viewpoints on the upstream regulators of YAP/TAZ and their downstream targets and systematically summarize the biological implications. More importantly, we highlight the molecular mechanisms involved in Hippo-YAP signaling to improve our understanding of its role in every stage of prostate cancer, bladder cancer and kidney cancer progression. A better understanding of the biological outcomes of YAP/TAZ modulation will contribute to the establishment of future therapeutic approaches.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49798,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Aspects of Medicine","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 101280"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141314183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The uniqueness of on-demand male contraception","authors":"Natalia del R. Rivera Sanchez ,&nbsp;Carla Ritagliati ,&nbsp;Gregory S. Kopf ,&nbsp;Steve Kretschmer ,&nbsp;Jochen Buck ,&nbsp;Lonny R. Levin","doi":"10.1016/j.mam.2024.101281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mam.2024.101281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Because nearly half of pregnancies worldwide are unintended, available contraceptive methods are inadequate. Moreover, due to the striking imbalance between contraceptive options available for men compared to the myriad of options available to women, there is an urgent need for new methods of contraception for men. This review summarizes ongoing efforts to develop male contraceptives highlighting the unique aspects particular to on-demand male contraception, where a man takes a contraceptive only when and as often as needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49798,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Aspects of Medicine","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 101281"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of meiosis initiation and meiotic prophase progression during spermatogenesis","authors":"Kei-ichiro Ishiguro","doi":"10.1016/j.mam.2024.101282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mam.2024.101282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Meiosis is a critical step for spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Meiosis commences with pre-meiotic S phase that is subsequently followed by meiotic prophase. The meiotic prophase is characterized by the meiosis-specific chromosomal events such as chromosome recombination and homolog synapsis. Meiosis initiator (MEIOSIN) and stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8 (STRA8) initiates meiosis by activating the meiotic genes by installing the meiotic prophase program at pre-meiotic S phase. This review highlights the mechanisms of meiotic initiation and meiotic prophase progression from the point of the gene expression program and its relevance to infertility. Furthermore, upstream pathways that regulate meiotic initiation will be discussed in the context of spermatogenic development, indicating the sexual differences in the mode of meiotic entry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49798,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Aspects of Medicine","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 101282"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098299724000414/pdfft?md5=c775936870bea5e3c607a34d1eb2839c&pid=1-s2.0-S0098299724000414-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141095613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibro-adipogenic progenitors in physiological adipogenesis and intermuscular adipose tissue remodeling","authors":"Marcelo Flores-Opazo ,&nbsp;Daniel Kopinke ,&nbsp;Françoise Helmbacher ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo ,&nbsp;Mauro Tuñón-Suárez ,&nbsp;Gordon S. Lynch ,&nbsp;Osvaldo Contreras","doi":"10.1016/j.mam.2024.101277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mam.2024.101277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Excessive accumulation of intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is a common pathological feature in various metabolic and health conditions and can cause muscle atrophy, reduced function, inflammation, insulin resistance, cardiovascular issues, and unhealthy aging. Although IMAT results from fat accumulation in muscle, the mechanisms underlying its onset, development, cellular components, and functions remain unclear. IMAT levels are influenced by several factors, such as changes in the tissue environment, muscle type and origin, extent and duration of trauma, and persistent activation of fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs). FAPs are a diverse and transcriptionally heterogeneous population of stromal cells essential for tissue maintenance, neuromuscular stability, and tissue regeneration. However, in cases of chronic inflammation and pathological conditions, FAPs expand and differentiate into adipocytes, resulting in the development of abnormal and ectopic IMAT. This review discusses the role of FAPs in adipogenesis and how they remodel IMAT. It highlights evidence supporting FAPs and FAP-derived adipocytes as constituents of IMAT, emphasizing their significance in adipose tissue maintenance and development, as well as their involvement in metabolic disorders, chronic pathologies and diseases. We also investigated the intricate molecular pathways and cell interactions governing FAP behavior, adipogenesis, and IMAT accumulation in chronic diseases and muscle deconditioning. Finally, we hypothesize that impaired cellular metabolic flexibility in dysfunctional muscles impacts FAPs, leading to IMAT. A deeper understanding of the biology of IMAT accumulation and the mechanisms regulating FAP behavior and fate are essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies for several debilitating conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49798,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Aspects of Medicine","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 101277"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098299724000360/pdfft?md5=0ab85eaf80de5a9838cd83baf3f7a977&pid=1-s2.0-S0098299724000360-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141089825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern methods of molecular diagnostics","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mam.2024.101278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mam.2024.101278","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49798,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Aspects of Medicine","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 101278"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141081093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A practical guide to spatial transcriptomics","authors":"Lukas Valihrach ,&nbsp;Daniel Zucha ,&nbsp;Pavel Abaffy ,&nbsp;Mikael Kubista","doi":"10.1016/j.mam.2024.101276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mam.2024.101276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spatial transcriptomics is revolutionizing modern biology, offering researchers an unprecedented ability to unravel intricate gene expression patterns within tissues. From pioneering techniques to newly commercialized platforms, the field of spatial transcriptomics has evolved rapidly, ushering in a new era of understanding across various disciplines, from developmental biology to disease research. This dynamic expansion is reflected in the rapidly growing number of technologies and data analysis techniques developed and introduced. However, the expanding landscape presents a considerable challenge for researchers, especially newcomers to the field, as staying informed about these advancements becomes increasingly complex. To address this challenge, we have prepared an updated review with a particular focus on technologies that have reached commercialization and are, therefore, accessible to a broad spectrum of potential new users. In this review, we present the fundamental principles of spatial transcriptomic methods, discuss the challenges in data analysis, provide insights into experimental considerations, offer information about available resources for spatial transcriptomics, and conclude with a guide for method selection and a forward-looking perspective. Our aim is to serve as a guiding resource for both experienced users and newcomers navigating the complex realm of spatial transcriptomics in this era of rapid development. We intend to equip researchers with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions and contribute to the cutting-edge research that spatial transcriptomics offers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49798,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Aspects of Medicine","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 101276"},"PeriodicalIF":10.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}