Nervenarzt最新文献_第5页

[(Auto)immunity in focal epilepsy: mechanisms of (auto‑)immune-inflammatory epileptogenic neurodegeneration]. [局灶性癫痫的（自身）免疫：（自身）免疫炎症致痫性神经变性的机制]。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Nervenarzt Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-024-01695-5

Nico Melzer, Katharina Weber, Saskia Räuber, Felix Rosenow

{"title":"[(Auto)immunity in focal epilepsy: mechanisms of (auto‑)immune-inflammatory epileptogenic neurodegeneration].","authors":"Nico Melzer, Katharina Weber, Saskia Räuber, Felix Rosenow","doi":"10.1007/s00115-024-01695-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00115-024-01695-5","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: While the neuronal mechanisms of epileptic hyperexcitability (HE) have been studied in detail, recent findings suggest that extraneuronal, mainly immune-mediated inflammatory and vascular mechanisms play an important role in the development and progression of HE in epilepsy and the cognitive and behavioral comorbidities.Material and methods: Narrative review.Results: As in autoimmune (limbic) encephalitis (ALE/AIE) or Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE), the primary adaptive and innate immune responses and associated changes in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and neurovascular unit (NVU) can cause acute cortical hyperexcitability (HE) and the development of hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and other structural cortical lesions with chronic HE. Cortical HE, which is associated with malformation of cortical development (MCD) and low-grade epilepsy-associated tumors (LEAT), for example, can be accompanied by secondary adaptive and innate immune responses and alterations in the BBB and NVU, potentially modulating the ictogenicity and epileptogenicity. These associations illustrate the influence of adaptive and innate immune mechanisms and associated changes in the BBB and NVU on cortical excitability and vice versa, suggesting a dynamic and complex interplay of these factors in the development and progression of epilepsy in general.Discussion: The described concept of a neuro-immune-vascular interaction in focal epilepsy opens up new possibilities for the pathogenetic understanding and thus also for the selective therapeutic intervention.","PeriodicalId":49770,"journal":{"name":"Nervenarzt","volume":" ","pages":"932-937"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11427648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141494047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Medical practice in classical Greece : The neurological and psychiatric case reports of the Hippocratic Corpus]. [古典希腊的医疗实践：希波克拉底文库中的神经和精神病例报告]。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Nervenarzt Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-024-01698-2

Werner A Golder, Waltraud Golder

{"title":"[Medical practice in classical Greece : The neurological and psychiatric case reports of the Hippocratic Corpus].","authors":"Werner A Golder, Waltraud Golder","doi":"10.1007/s00115-024-01698-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00115-024-01698-2","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Which theoretical and practical competences do the neurological and psychiatric case histories of the Hippocratic Corpus convey?Material and methods: The 431 Hippocratic case histories have been studied for reports and communication on the diagnostics, treatment and prognosis of single persons and groups of patients suffering from neurological and psychiatric diseases.Results: In the 7 books of the Hippocratic Epidemics, a total of 128 patients with neurological and psychiatric symptoms are described. Epidemic fever and its variants were the leading predisposing conditions and the main symptoms were delirium, coma, insomnia, headache, speech disorders and convulsions. A number of patients with phrenitis and opisthotonos are also reported. The majority of the sick persons were male, were teenagers or adults and 47 of them are mentioned by name. The patient's information about the course is often just as informative as the doctor's observations. Treatment was limited to physical and dietary measures.Discussion: The Hippocratic physician diagnosed and attempted to treat a large number of neurological and psychiatric diseases. The often almost continuous observations of the patients led to astonishingly precise predictions of the course and the prospects of recovery. Numerous symptoms described in the case studies, including carphologia and opisthotonus, have entered the neurological vocabulary. The retrospective etiological analysis of the reports leads to the almost explicit identification of neurosyphilis and encephalitis lethargica. The therapeutic measures described by the author were, as the changeable course of the diseases shows, only of limited effectiveness despite a very differentiated application over time, both against the underlying diseases and the neurological and psychiatric complications.","PeriodicalId":49770,"journal":{"name":"Nervenarzt","volume":" ","pages":"942-947"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141471953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Good bye, Neurology]. [再见，神经病学]。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Nervenarzt Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-024-01757-8

Hans J Markowitsch

引用次数: 0

[Migraine or pseudomigraine, that is the question! : The HaNDL syndrome]. [偏头痛还是假性偏头痛，这是个问题！：HaNDL 综合征]。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Nervenarzt Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-024-01682-w

Jens Schaumberg

引用次数: 0

Mitteilungen der Deutschen Schlaganfall-Gesellschaft (DSG). 德国中风协会通讯》（DSG）。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Nervenarzt Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-024-01748-9

引用次数: 0

[Pathogen-induced diseases of the spinal cord and adjacent structures]. [由病原体引起的脊髓及邻近结构疾病]。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Nervenarzt Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-024-01743-0

B Bassa, F Hahner, U Meyding-Lamadé

{"title":"[Pathogen-induced diseases of the spinal cord and adjacent structures].","authors":"B Bassa, F Hahner, U Meyding-Lamadé","doi":"10.1007/s00115-024-01743-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00115-024-01743-0","url":null,"abstract":"Pathogen-induced myelitis is an inflammatory disease of the spinal cord that can be caused by various pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites. The most frequent viral pathogens include herpes and enteroviruses, while bacterial myelitis can be caused by, e.g., Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Borrelia burgdorferi and Treponema pallidum. Fungi such as Candida and Aspergillus and parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii and schistosomes can also cause myelitis. The main symptom is subacute paraplegia with motor, sensory and autonomic deficits to varying degrees, often accompanied by fever and a general malaise. Following a thorough clinical examination and review of the medical history diagnostic imaging procedures, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) along with cerebrospinal fluid analysis and blood tests that include antibody testing are warranted. The treatment is directed at the cause of the myelitis and mostly with anti-infective agents but for some viral pathogens no specific treatment is available and the only option is a symptomatic treatment. The prognosis is very variable and depends on the etiology and severity of the disease. A fast diagnosis and targeted treatment are crucial to achieve a good outcome.","PeriodicalId":49770,"journal":{"name":"Nervenarzt","volume":" ","pages":"948-956"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Peripheral neuroimmunological diseases - Neuropathological insights and clinical perspectives]. [周围神经免疫疾病--神经病理学见解和临床视角]。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Nervenarzt Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-024-01725-2

Sarah Hoffmann, Marie-Therese Holzer, Corinna Preuße, Tobias Ruck, Nikolas Ruffer, Frauke Stascheit, Werner Stenzel

{"title":"[Peripheral neuroimmunological diseases - Neuropathological insights and clinical perspectives].","authors":"Sarah Hoffmann, Marie-Therese Holzer, Corinna Preuße, Tobias Ruck, Nikolas Ruffer, Frauke Stascheit, Werner Stenzel","doi":"10.1007/s00115-024-01725-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00115-024-01725-2","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with peripheral neuroimmunological diseases and briefly outlines the currently most important aspects and treatment developments. Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies have different mechanisms of development, manifestations and prognoses. New classification systems and more specific treatment concepts have been developed. The IIMs include different subgroups. These entities can have specific autoantibodies. Diagnostically, a muscle biopsy is generally desirable for a precise diagnosis and is essential in unclear cases. Primary systemic vasculitides can be divided into different groups based on the predominant pattern of involvement, while secondary vasculitides and single organ vasculitides are also differentiated. Vasculitic myopathy cannot be equated with myositis and a reliable distinction is currently only possible by a muscle biopsy. Treatment concepts should be developed on an interdisciplinary basis. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is the most frequent immune-mediated neuropathy and is characterized by a predominant demyelination of the motor and sensory nerves. The disease course runs in phases or is progressive and leads to significant disability and reduction in quality of life, despite current standard treatment. Novel treatment approaches are currently undergoing clinical trials. Myasthenia gravis, with the leading symptom of exercise-induced muscle weakness, is caused by autoantibodies against structures of the neuromuscular endplate. Autoantibody testing is the most important pillar in the diagnosis and is now also increasingly guiding treatment decisions. Overall, peripheral neuroimmunological diseases represent a heterogeneous group. Increasing knowledge of the pathophysiology is the key to numerous developments in diagnostics and treatment, which could lead to far-reaching practical changes in the future.","PeriodicalId":49770,"journal":{"name":"Nervenarzt","volume":" ","pages":"920-931"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Immunological foundations of neurological diseases]. [神经系统疾病的免疫学基础]。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Nervenarzt Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-024-01696-4

Hansjörg Schild, Tobias Bopp

{"title":"[Immunological foundations of neurological diseases].","authors":"Hansjörg Schild, Tobias Bopp","doi":"10.1007/s00115-024-01696-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00115-024-01696-4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neurodegenerative diseases represent an increasing challenge in ageing societies, as only limited treatment options are currently available.Objective: New research methods and interdisciplinary interaction of different disciplines have changed the way neurological disorders are viewed and paved the way for the comparatively new field of neuroimmunology, which was established in the early 1980s. Starting from neurological autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, knowledge about the involvement of immunological processes in other contexts, such as stroke or traumatic brain injury, has been significantly expanded in recent years.Material and methods: This review article provides an overview of the role of the immune system and the resulting potential for novel treatment approaches.Results: The immune system plays a central role in fighting infections but is also able to react to the body's own signals under sterile conditions and cause inflammation and subsequent adaptive immune responses through the release of immune mediators and the recruitment and differentiation of certain immune cell types. This can be beneficial in initiating healing processes; however, chronic inflammatory conditions usually have destructive consequences for the tissue and the organism and must be interrupted.Conclusion: It is now known that different cells of the immune system play an important role in neurological diseases. Regulatory mechanisms, which are mediated by regulatory T cells or Th2 cells, are usually associated with a good prognosis, whereas inflammatory processes and polarization towards Th1 or Th17 have a destructive character. Novel immunomodulators, which are also increasingly being used in cancer treatment, can now be used in a tissue-specific manner and therefore offer great potential for use in neurological diseases.","PeriodicalId":49770,"journal":{"name":"Nervenarzt","volume":" ","pages":"894-908"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141494049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Mentally ill citizens as victims of violation of physical integrity and extermination under the NS regime based on the example of a German city]. [根据德国城市的例子，精神病公民是新国家政权侵犯人身安全和灭绝行为的受害者]。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Nervenarzt Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-024-01745-y

Beatrice Rose, Jörg-Stefan Schulz, Eckhard Sundermann, Paraskevi Mavrogiorgou, Georg Juckel

{"title":"[Mentally ill citizens as victims of violation of physical integrity and extermination under the NS regime based on the example of a German city].","authors":"Beatrice Rose, Jörg-Stefan Schulz, Eckhard Sundermann, Paraskevi Mavrogiorgou, Georg Juckel","doi":"10.1007/s00115-024-01745-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-024-01745-y","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Even 90 years after the National Socialist seizure of power and the beginning of the darkest chapter of German psychiatric history, examination of the medical historical past retains great relevance as an ongoing medical responsibility. The interventions in the lives of mentally ill people by the National Socialist regime are a firmly established part of medical historical research; however, little is known about how specific regions proceeded with affected citizens.Objective: The aim of this study was therefore to identify transfer routes of the \"euthanasia\" transports and places of death of the victims from Bochum as well as their patient characteristics.Materials and methods: During the timeframe studied, inpatient care for mentally ill patients from the Westphalia region was provided in seven provincial institutions. There was no psychiatric clinic in Bochum at the time, so patients were distributed among these institutions. The investigation was based on the transfer lists of the Westphalian provincial institutions to the killing sites.Results and conclusion: A total of 366 Bochum citizens affected by \"euthanasia\" transfers were identified. The transport lists were verified by admission and departure books, death lists, and patient files. The hereditary health files of the city archive were used to examine the relocated Bochum patients to determine whether they were victims of forced sterilization.","PeriodicalId":49770,"journal":{"name":"Nervenarzt","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[The relevance of pharmacogenetic testing in forensics]. [药物基因检测在法医学中的相关性]。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Nervenarzt Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-024-01746-x

Helmar Weiß, Erikas Vasiliauskas, Volkmar Blendl, Aleh Maksimiuk

引用次数: 0