Nervenarzt最新文献

{"title":"[Life style drug laughing gas (nitrous oxide, N₂O) and the dependency criteria according to ICD-10].","authors":"Dominik Diesing, Peter Neu","doi":"10.1007/s00115-024-01736-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00115-024-01736-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The increasing popularity of nitrous oxide (N₂O) as a recreational drug raises questions about its potential for dependency. This narrative review examines the dependency risk of N₂O using the ICD-10 criteria for substance use disorders and evaluates the current literature.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search until April 2024 was conducted to identify publications addressing N₂O consumption in the context of dependency criteria. The results were analyzed based on the ICD-10 criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Studies showed mixed results regarding craving and loss of control among N₂O users. There is evidence of neglect of other interests and potential tolerance development, while data on withdrawal symptoms are limited. Persistent consumption despite harmful consequences has been described but objective diagnostic methods to determine consumption intensity are lacking.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The data on the dependency potential of N₂O are inconsistent. The discussion on its classification as an addictive substance remains controversial; however, the clinical indications suggest a possible risk of dependency, especially with excessive consumption.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nitrous oxide is currently primarily regarded as a substance of abuse with the potential to foster psychological dependence, manifesting particularly through loss of control and neglect; however, the criteria for physical dependence, such as the occurrence of withdrawal syndromes and the development of tolerance, have not yet been convincingly documented. Further research is needed to better understand the dependency potential of N₂O and develop appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":49770,"journal":{"name":"Nervenarzt","volume":" ","pages":"284-289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Anorexia nervosa-An update. German version].","authors":"Ulrich Voderholzer, Silke Naab, Ulrich Cuntz, Sandra Schlegl","doi":"10.1007/s00115-025-01819-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00115-025-01819-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder with the highest mortality rate among eating disorders. It predominantly affects adolescents and young adults, with a significant increase in prevalence among adolescents observed since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It is frequently associated with other psychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders as well as numerous physical complications. An early diagnosis and treatment are associated with better outcomes. The treatment of choice for AN includes cognitive behavioral therapy and family-based therapy for children and adolescents. Innovative treatment approaches, such as home treatment and technology-based interventions, have shown promising preliminary results. With the exception of moderate evidence supporting the use of olanzapine regarding weight gain, there is currently no evidence for the efficacy of psychopharmacotherapy in AN. Future research should focus on prevention, early detection and intervention, relapse prevention, personalized treatment approaches, management of comorbid disorders, long-term studies and the influence of psychosocial factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":49770,"journal":{"name":"Nervenarzt","volume":"96 3","pages":"220-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum zu: Geringeres Risiko für Postinjektionssyndrome nach Vergabe von Olanzapin-Depot.","authors":"Wolfgang Strube, Elias Wagner, Andreas Gartenmaier, Antje Grünemeyer, Klaus Peter Schmelzer, Alkomiet Hasan","doi":"10.1007/s00115-024-01766-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00115-024-01766-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49770,"journal":{"name":"Nervenarzt","volume":" ","pages":"294-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Utilization of mental health services in Germany during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic-Systematic review and meta-analysis].","authors":"Antranik Erdekian, Miriam Glock, Sophia Huetter, Mike Rueb, Dirk Riedinger, Jutta Stoffers-Winterling, Saskia Lindner, Fabian Baum, Lars P Hölzel, Oliver Tüscher, Klaus Lieb, Kristina Adorjan, Hauke Felix Wiegand","doi":"10.1007/s00115-025-01812-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00115-025-01812-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic studies showed indications of changes in the utilization of inpatient, outpatient and emergency mental healthcare services; however, the level of observation and representativeness of these studies were heterogeneous.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Changes in the utilization of psychiatric and psychotherapeutic care in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic were classified through a systematic literature search, evaluation of the quality and observational levels as well as a meta-analysis of the effects.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A systematic search was carried out in PubMed, PsycInfo and Embase until June 2023 and a follow-up search in PubMed up to and including October 2024. Data were assigned to the periods first lockdown phase, between lockdown phases, second lockdown phase and entire pandemic year 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 17 studies were included. There were reductions in the number of inpatient admissions for the first lockdown phase of relative risk, RR 0.74, 95% confidence interval CI 0.70-0.79, I² 95.5%, t² 0.0053 and for the second lockdown phase of RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.75-0.81, I² 97.1%, t² 0.0058. Only studies with a low observational level were found for psychiatric emergency care and only two studies with different indicators for outpatient utilization. There were no clear changes in the prescription of psychotropic drugs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic utilization of mental healthcare services was reduced, especially for the inpatient sector. The effects of these significant restrictions are unclear. We therefore propose a mental healthcare surveillance that could promptly record such changes and possible consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":49770,"journal":{"name":"Nervenarzt","volume":" ","pages":"257-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: mental health trajectories, resilient and vulnerable groups].","authors":"J M Stoffers-Winterling, H F Wiegand, J Broll, S K Schäfer, K Adorjan, O Tüscher, K Lieb","doi":"10.1007/s00115-025-01824-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00115-025-01824-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has probably been the biggest health crisis of the twenty-first century to date. For many people it meant prolonged exposure to psychologically relevant stressors and simultaneously limited coping possibilities.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>The aim of this review is to present a summary of the current state of knowledge on the course of mental health in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Using longitudinal and repeated cross-sectional surveys, key findings are summarized and vulnerability and resilience factors are identified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Large proportions of the German population reported at least temporary effects on their mental well-being in the sense of increased anxiety and depression symptoms as well as reduced life satisfaction, particularly among women, children and adolescents. At the same time, resilient courses were observed in most cases, i.e., most people managed to maintain their mental health during the pandemic. Vulnerability factors included female gender, younger age and financial difficulties. In contrast, a positive appraisal style, cognitive flexibility, social support, self-efficacy beliefs and, at a societal level, social cohesion and institutional trust were reported as important resilience factors.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The vulnerability and resilience factors identified offer concrete starting points for promoting pandemic preparedness.</p>","PeriodicalId":49770,"journal":{"name":"Nervenarzt","volume":" ","pages":"266-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and cardiometabolic diseases: prevalence, etiology and treatment].","authors":"Sarah Kittel-Schneider","doi":"10.1007/s00115-025-01828-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-025-01828-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a close connection throughout the lifespan between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. According to current knowledge, the causes are genetic factors, dopamine metabolism disorders, circadian rhythm disorders, inflammatory processes and, last but not least, an unhealthy lifestyle. The treatment of individuals with ADHD and comorbid cardiometabolic diseases requires an individualized approach with lifestyle changes, psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, taking possible cardiometabolic side effects of the ADHD medication into account.</p>","PeriodicalId":49770,"journal":{"name":"Nervenarzt","volume":"96 3","pages":"309-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The relevance of pharmacogenetic testing in forensics].","authors":"Helmar Weiß, Erikas Vasiliauskas, Volkmar Blendl, Aleh Maksimiuk","doi":"10.1007/s00115-024-01746-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00115-024-01746-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49770,"journal":{"name":"Nervenarzt","volume":" ","pages":"296-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a new pharmacological treatment option for psychiatric illnesses?]","authors":"Hubertus Himmerich","doi":"10.1007/s00115-025-01813-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00115-025-01813-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Albiglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, lixisenatide, orforglipron and semaglutide are glucagon-like peptide‑1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. Tirzepatide targets not only GLP‑1 but also glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) receptors and retatrutide is a triple GLP‑1, GIP and glucagon receptor agonist. The GLP‑1 receptor agonists increase insulin release but suppress glucagon release. They slow down the emptying of the stomach and thus prevent blood sugar spikes. They reduce appetite and food intake. In the brain GLP‑1 receptor agonists lead to a better glycemic control and they appear to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. It has been reported that GLP‑1 receptor agonists reduce oxidative stress and apoptosis, lower the risk of ischemia and promote neurogenesis. The GLP‑1 receptor agonists can also influence dopaminergic signal transduction in the nucleus accumbens. Therefore, they could modify the effect of cocaine, alcohol and nicotine. Preliminary investigations provide indications of the therapeutic benefits of GLP‑1 receptor agonists for people with dementia, eating disorders, psychopharmacologically induced weight gain, depression, anxiety and substance use disorders. Typical accompanying adverse reactions are gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, eructation and gastroesophageal reflux. More severe side effects include pancreatitis, allergic reactions, renal function disorders and possibly an increased risk of thyroid cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":49770,"journal":{"name":"Nervenarzt","volume":" ","pages":"247-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment in old age - It is never too late for ADHD].","authors":"Svenja Wudy, Nicole Mauche, Jue Huang, Maria Strauß","doi":"10.1007/s00115-025-01807-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00115-025-01807-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49770,"journal":{"name":"Nervenarzt","volume":" ","pages":"300-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Pharmacotherapy of eating disorders-An update].","authors":"Tabea Bauman, Ulrich Voderholzer","doi":"10.1007/s00115-025-01804-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00115-025-01804-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder are severe mental illnesses and are often associated with mental comorbidities, such as depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Psychotherapy is considered the primary method of treatment; however, in the clinical practice it is not uncommon to also use psychopharmacotherapy.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The article considers international and national guidelines as well as the updated World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines to summarize the current evidence on psychopharmacotherapy of eating disorders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anorexia nervosa: psychopharmacotherapy for anorexia nervosa should especially support weight gain. To date, there is no evidence for the efficacy of antidepressants for weight gain in anorexia nervosa. For antipsychotics, such as olanzapine in particular, the studies are heterogeneous, which is why off-label use in clinical practice is limited exclusively to individual cases. Bulimia nervosa: fluoxetine has been shown to be effective in reducing binge eating and compensatory behaviors. Fluoxetine is also the only medication approved in Germany for the treatment of an eating disorder. Binge-eating disorder: by far the greatest evidence exists for lisdexamfetamine. But this is not approved in Germany for the treatment of binge-eating disorder.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In recent years the number of randomized controlled trials on psychopharmacotherapy for eating disorders has greatly increased. In Germany, fluoxetine is still the only approved drug for the treatment of bulimia nervosa; however, psychopharmacotherapy for eating disorders should always be embedded in a treatment plan with psychotherapy and nutritional management as well as appropriate medical monitoring. Overall, there is a need for further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":49770,"journal":{"name":"Nervenarzt","volume":" ","pages":"230-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}