Neuropsychology Review最新文献

{"title":"Meta-Analysis of Executive Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy: an Investigation of Challenges to Measurement Validity.","authors":"Yueting Zhan, Ingrid Honan, Petra Karlsson, Kit Double, Yunze Li, Remy Blatch-Williams, Hamna Khan, Damian Birney","doi":"10.1007/s11065-026-09705-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-026-09705-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Executive function (EF) has been increasingly identified as an area of difficulty in children with cerebral palsy (CP), but the exact nature of deficit remains elusive as accurate assessment of abilities is limited due to the physical and speeded task requirements of many standardised assessment tools. With the aim of estimating the magnitude of EF impairment and evaluating the validity of EF assessments, the current meta-analysis examined the impacts from CP characteristics, assessment task features, and study design factors through adopting a comprehensive Cattell-Horn-Carroll cognitive ability taxonomy to ensure coverage of available assessments of EF and related subdomains. PsycINFO, Medline, Web of Science, and CINAHL were searched to identify peer-reviewed studies that compared children with CP with neurotypical controls up to April 2025. A total of 43 studies with 448 effect sizes based on the EF and related cognitive task performance of 1240 participants with CP and 1554 neurotypical children were included. A large effect size for reduced performance across EF and related cognitive measures was identified in children with CP (Hedges' g = -.85) and effect sizes differed across EF and related ability subdomains, with greater effect sizes observed for processing speed, long-term memory, and visual-spatial skills. Measurement validity was impacted differentially by EF and related subdomain, type of outcome measure, and level of motor impairment. Timed measures were associated with larger effect sizes, and measures that accommodated motor difficulties showed smaller effects, highlighting the potential for non-EF factors to confound the validity of EF and related ability assessments. Aligning participant capability with assessment demand will benefit accurate evaluation of cognitive function and guide targeted interventions for people with CP.</p>","PeriodicalId":49754,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148594317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transdiagnostic MRI-derived Features of Psychopathology Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Alexia Samiotis, Amelia J Hicks, Jai Carmichael, Amelia C James, Jennie Ponsford, Gershon Spitz","doi":"10.1007/s11065-026-09709-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-026-09709-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The biological basis of psychopathology outcomes in moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains poorly understood. Previous reviews have found limited convergence in associations between brain regions or functions and specific psychopathology categories (e.g., anxiety, depression). The current systematic review aimed to evaluate MRI-derived features of psychopathology transdiagnostically across available diagnostic categories in moderate-severe TBI. Eligible studies investigated associations between MRI-derived features (macro-, micro-structure, function) and psychopathology in adults with closed-moderate-severe TBI. We searched English literature from Embase, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE via Ovid SP, and the review was last assessed as up to date on 2nd November 2023. Risk of bias was assessed using a customised tool based on the Joanna Brigg's Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. The total number of records screened was 7,777 articles, with 18 meeting eligibility criteria. Studies predominantly investigated hippocampal morphology (n = 7) and depression (n = 9). The average risk of bias fell within the \"intermediate\" range, associated with sampling, measurement, and statistical bias. Findings were heterogeneous and inconsistent within specific psychopathology categories, yet some morphological features converged transdiagnostically (e.g., hippocampus, thalamus, fronto-temporal regions). Notably, lower hippocampal volume was associated with higher depression (n = 2), anxiety (n = 1), apathy (n = 1), and psychosis (n = 1). No consistent microstructural and functional features converged across studies. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the current evidence regarding transdiagnostic MRI-derived features of psychopathology and critiques common limitations across the literature, including the focus on structural MRI, lack of appropriate comparators, and the narrow focus on specific psychopathology categories. We propose that transdiagnostic-dimensional frameworks may help address these gaps and advance the understanding of shared and distinct biological features of psychopathology in moderate-severe TBI.Review Registration: prospectively registered on 6/9/2022 in PROSPERO (CRD42022358358).</p>","PeriodicalId":49754,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148594276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Outcomes Following Paediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies up to 2025.","authors":"Chloe M Anderson, Vanessa C Rausa, Audrey McKinlay, Tibor Schuster, Mike Lloyd, Aria Huang, Tracey Chau, Thilanka Morawakage, Vicki Anderson, Michael Takagi","doi":"10.1007/s11065-026-09702-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-026-09702-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this review was to provide a systematic and quantitative summary of recent literature relating to cognitive outcomes following paediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Variable findings and diverse methodologies have thus far made it difficult to meaningfully integrate the extant literature. In this context, there is a need to examine the factors that define heterogeneity in this population and to critically evaluate the methodologies from which variable outcomes are derived. Studies identified in this review (PROSPERO, identification number CRD42015030098) were obtained through systematic searches of PubMed, PsycInfo and Scopus. Inclusion criteria specified that studies were to report on cognitive functioning using validated neuropsychological measures, with children aged 8-18 years of age and in a case-control design protocol. In this review, 62 observational studies published pre-2025 were summarised in terms of participant, injury-related and methodological characteristics, with 49 of these studies also contributing to meta-analyses on nine cognitive-factor domains at five distinct time points post-injury. Data from 14,234 participants were represented across all studies, including 5,000 injury cases, and 9,234 controls. Findings from this review revealed that studies reporting on cognitive outcomes varied largely as a function of methodology. There appears to have been little refinement in methodologies over the last decade, with multiple possible sources of heterogeneity identified. Therefore, in line with previous research, the findings of this review suggest little to no evidence of clinically meaningful long-term cognitive impacts post mTBI. The review highlights a number of areas for improvement in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":49754,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148450212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use and Psychometric Properties of the MoCA in Spain: a Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.","authors":"David Arjol, Jaime Unzueta-Arce, Sara Mora-Simón, Mehdi Ferasati, Emiliano Rodríguez-Sánchez, Manuel A Gómez-Marcos, Luis García-Ortiz, José A Maderuelo-Fernández, Cristina Lugones-Sánchez","doi":"10.1007/s11065-026-09703-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-026-09703-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a reference instrument for cognitive screening, sociodemographic factors such as age and education can affect its diagnostic accuracy. The aims of this systematic review were to characterize the use of the MoCA in samples from Spain and to analyze its psychometric properties. A systematic search was conducted in the main scientific databases up to February 2025. The evidence was synthesized using a dual strategy: a quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis and meta-regression) for the first aim, and a narrative synthesis of psychometric properties guided by the COSMIN framework for the second. Eighty studies were included: 78 (n = 7,457) in the meta-analysis. The mean MoCA score was 22.85, with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 99.3%). Meta-regression explained 62% of this variability, identifying age (β = -0.19/year) and education (β = 1.28/year) as the most significant predictors. Scores were lower in dementia and mild cognitive impairment compared with healthy participants. The narrative synthesis of psychometric properties showed that the MoCA has adequate psychometric properties in the studies conducted in Spain, with good internal consistency (Cronbach's α: 0.76-0.90) and criterion-related validity (area under the curve: 0.78-0.96). The robustness of the findings was confirmed by sensitivity analyses. In conclusion, the MoCA is a valid and widely used tool in Spain, but its performance is strongly modulated by age and education, supporting the use of adjusted normative data rather than a single universal cut-off.</p>","PeriodicalId":49754,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148363369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Outcomes Following Traumatic Brain Injury: An Umbrella Review.","authors":"Jason M Toliao, Junhyuk Lee, Hans Oh, San Lee, Lucas Conner, Stefan Blüml, Peter A Chiarelli, Pradip P Chaudhari","doi":"10.1007/s11065-026-09704-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-026-09704-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An increasing number of systematic reviews and meta-analyses examine health outcomes from traumatic brain injury (TBI). This umbrella review examines the association of TBI with comorbid health outcomes and evaluates the methodological rigor of existing literature. This protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; Registration No. CRD42024581341). EMBASE, PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library were searched from database inception to November 26, 2025. Two reviewers screened abstracts and full texts using predefined criteria. Meta-analyses of observational studies were included if they assessed health outcomes following TBI and reported effect sizes were convertible to pooled equivalent odds ratios (eOR). PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were utilized for study formatting. We applied AMSTAR2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2) criteria to assess the quality of included studies. Health outcomes described in each meta-analysis were reanalyzed and presented through eOR using a random-effects model. 41 meta-analyses were included, covering 671 original studies and 53 comorbid health outcomes, in a cohort comprising 83 million participants across 40 countries. Our findings suggest that traumatic brain injury, acquired at any age, may be associated with impairments across neurological, somnological, cognitive, mental health, and behavioral domains. Despite these associations, 78% of the included studies were themselves classified as having \"critically low\" methodological quality by AMSTAR2 criteria, which limited the ability to provide causal conclusions. These findings may help inform care guidelines following TBI. Improved research frameworks are important to better understand the lasting effects of TBI.</p>","PeriodicalId":49754,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148273078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Level and Nature of Impairment on the Iowa Gambling Task Following Acquired Brain Injury: A Meta-analysis.","authors":"Sammy Moore, Kristin Naragon-Gainey, Carmela F Pestell, Rodrigo Becerra, Melissa T Buelow, Danielle M Fynn, Michael Weinborn","doi":"10.1007/s11065-025-09668-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11065-025-09668-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is a popular measure of risky decision-making, but to date, no formal quantitative reviews have been conducted, focused exclusively on IGT performance amongst individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI). Therefore, this meta-analytic study firstly explored performance differences between individuals with ABI vs controls. Second, we extended this comparison by investigating differences in IGT scoring and interpretive approaches (e.g., total score vs later block analysis). Finally, we explored potential IGT performance moderators (e.g., average age). A total of 25 studies, containing 39 samples (total n = 2188), were included. Overall findings suggested that the IGT is sensitive to the presence of ABI, particularly non-TBI and medically confirmed TBI, which becomes evident by block 2 of 5. Medium effect sizes were obtained for IGT total score, as well as indicators using later blocks only. Performance moderators such as population type and region influenced IGT performance, whilst average age, average education, and proportion of males did not. These results indicate that the IGT is sensitive to decision-making impairment following ABI, although we conclude that further research is needed to confirm the IGT's ability to detect impairment relative to specific brain regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49754,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology Review","volume":" ","pages":"140-159"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13388515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Empirical Evidence for the Simple Bayesian Model of Autism.","authors":"Ke Cui, Xiaoxiao Lin, Ruirui Gao, Shiqi Jing, Fei Luo, Jinyan Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11065-025-09672-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11065-025-09672-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Bayesian framework conceptualizes human perception as a process of probabilistic inference, where the brain integrates prior expectations with incoming sensory evidence to construct a mental model of the world. Within this framework, several distinct theories-collectively termed the \"simple Bayesian model\"-suggest that perceptual atypicalities in autism stem from an imbalance between the precision of prior beliefs and sensory input. This study presents a systematic review and the first meta-analysis to evaluate empirical evidence for the simple Bayesian model. We synthesized 24 effect sizes from 23 eligible studies using a random-effects model to test its core predictions: that autistic individuals exhibit universally \"broader\" priors and/or heightened sensory precision compared to non-autistic controls. We found a significant, small-to-moderate overall effect in the predicted direction (Hedge's g = 0.37). However, heterogeneity across studies was large and significant and was not explained by any of the examined moderators: prior type (structural vs. contextual), stimulus type (social vs. nonsocial), task setting (implicit vs. explicit), cognitive domain (higher-level cognition vs. perception), or participant characteristics. Given the significant unexplained heterogeneity, our findings offer only limited support for a universal \"simple Bayesian model\" of autism. We conclude that future research should move beyond the simple Bayesian model to investigate more sophisticated, hierarchical Bayesian accounts of autism.</p>","PeriodicalId":49754,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology Review","volume":" ","pages":"184-195"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Cognitive and Neuropathophysiological Outcomes of Gamma-tACS in Dementia: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Valerio Manippa, Annalisa Palmisano, Michael A Nitsche, Marco Filardi, Davide Vilella, Giancarlo Logroscino, Davide Rivolta","doi":"10.1007/s11065-025-09676-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11065-025-09676-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49754,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology Review","volume":" ","pages":"261"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13388365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147291109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Available Normative Data on Neuropsychological Tests for Spanish Speakers in the U.S., Latin America and the Caribbean, and Spain.","authors":"Ambar Perez-Lao, Gelan Ying, Franchesca Arias, Shellie-Anne Levy, Glenn E Smith","doi":"10.1007/s11065-025-09666-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11065-025-09666-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropsychological testing is an essential tool in clinical settings engaged in detecting, treating, or preventing neurocognitive disorders around the world. There is a need for accurate norms across cultures, including Latinx/Hispanic communities. We reviewed studies published in English or Spanish focused on acquiring normative data for Spanish-speaking individuals in the United States (U.S.), Latin America and the Caribean (LAC), and Spain. We searched available studies from Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO APA, Science Direct, and ProQuest up to October 31, 2024. Studies were imported to COVIDENCE and reviewed by two Spanish-English bilingual reviewers and one proficient English reviewer. Ultimately, 75 articles were included and categorized into U.S. (n = 23), LAC (n = 21), Spain (n = 23), and multiregional (n = 8) based. Overall, most studies included a cognitively normal/healthy sample to establish the normative data, adjusting or stratifying for age, education, and sex. In Spanish speakers, cognitive performance improved with advancing age in children and adolescents and declined with age in adults. Higher education was also associated with better performance on tests across regions. While this review highlights the increasing accumulation of norms for Spanish-speaking populations, there is a continued need to expand norms to other Spanish-speaking populations not included in this analysis. Future research should add variables, such as acculturation and bilingualism, to aid normative rigor. This review works as a tool to facilitate and improve the understanding of current normative data.</p>","PeriodicalId":49754,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology Review","volume":" ","pages":"113-139"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12302697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empathy in Adults with Acquired Brain Injury: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Emily Clements, Kristin Naragon-Gainey, Michael Weinborn, Carmela Pestell, Dawn Neumann, David Preece, Rodrigo Becerra","doi":"10.1007/s11065-025-09667-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11065-025-09667-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Empathy is the ability to recognise, share and understand others' emotional states. Increasing evidence suggests that empathy may be impacted by acquired brain injury (ABI), with consequences for social and emotional functioning. However, the literature has been characterised by inconsistent findings and small sample sizes. To address these limitations, we provide the first meta-analytic review of empathy in adults with ABI. Specifically, the review aimed to quantify the degree of impairment in adults with ABI across four empathy-related domains: cognitive, affective, empathic concern (e.g. sympathy) and personal distress. We also sought to estimate the prevalence of deficits in each area and explore whether demographic and injury factors moderate impairment. A systematic search yielded 29 studies measuring self-reported empathy in adults with ABI versus healthy, matched peers. A series of random-effects meta-analyses revealed moderate deficits in cognitive empathy (Hedges' g =  - 0.68, 95% CI [- 0.87, - 0.50]) and affective empathy (Hedges' g =  - 0.43, 95% CI [- 0.65, - 0.21]), as well as small-to-moderate deficits in empathic concern (Hedges' g =  - 0.38, 95% CI [- 0.63, - 0.13]). No significant difference was found for personal distress. We estimated the proportion of ABI participants scoring equal to or more than 1 SD below the normative mean to be 15.3-35.0%, depending on the empathy subcomponent. Our results highlight that empathy deficits may play an important role in functional or emotional difficulties post-brain injury. This demonstrates the need for routine clinical assessment of empathy in survivors of brain injury and the need to develop interventions which target both cognitive and affective components.</p>","PeriodicalId":49754,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology Review","volume":" ","pages":"160-183"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13388439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}