Neuroscientist最新文献_第8页

Mapping the Iceberg of Autonomic Recovery: Mechanistic Underpinnings of Neuromodulation following Spinal Cord Injury. 绘制自主神经恢复的冰山：脊髓损伤后神经调节的机制基础。

IF 5.6 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-11 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221145570

Soshi Samejima, Claire Shackleton, Tiev Miller, Chet T Moritz, Thomas M Kessler, Klaus Krogh, Rahul Sachdeva, Andrei V Krassioukov

引用次数: 0

The Mesencephalic Locomotor Region: Multiple Cell Types, Multiple Behavioral Roles, and Multiple Implications for Disease. 间脑运动区：多种细胞类型、多种行为作用和对疾病的多种影响。

IF 5.6 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221139136

Dimitri Ryczko

{"title":"The Mesencephalic Locomotor Region: Multiple Cell Types, Multiple Behavioral Roles, and Multiple Implications for Disease.","authors":"Dimitri Ryczko","doi":"10.1177/10738584221139136","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10738584221139136","url":null,"abstract":"The mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) controls locomotion in vertebrates. In humans with Parkinson disease, locomotor deficits are increasingly associated with decreased activity in the MLR. This brainstem region, commonly considered to include the cuneiform and pedunculopontine nuclei, has been explored as a target for deep brain stimulation to improve locomotor function, but the results are variable, from modest to promising. However, the MLR is a heterogeneous structure, and identification of the best cell type to target is only beginning. Here, I review the studies that uncovered the role of genetically defined MLR cell types, and I highlight the cells whose activation improves locomotor function in animal models of Parkinson disease. The promising cell types to activate comprise some glutamatergic neurons in the cuneiform and caudal pedunculopontine nuclei, as well as some cholinergic neurons of the pedunculopontine nucleus. Activation of MLR GABAergic neurons should be avoided, since they stop locomotion or evoke bouts flanked with numerous stops. MLR is also considered a potential target in spinal cord injury, supranuclear palsy, primary progressive freezing of gait, or stroke. Better targeting of the MLR cell types should be achieved through optimized deep brain stimulation protocols, pharmacotherapy, or the development of optogenetics for human use.","PeriodicalId":49753,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscientist","volume":" ","pages":"347-366"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11107129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10540796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Threat Memory in the Sensory Cortex: Insights from Olfaction. 感觉皮层中的威胁记忆：来自嗅觉的启示。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-26 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221148994

Wen Li, Donald A Wilson

{"title":"Threat Memory in the Sensory Cortex: Insights from Olfaction.","authors":"Wen Li, Donald A Wilson","doi":"10.1177/10738584221148994","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10738584221148994","url":null,"abstract":"The amygdala has long held the center seat in the neural basis of threat conditioning. However, a rapidly growing literature has elucidated extra-amygdala circuits in this process, highlighting the sensory cortex for its critical role in the mnemonic aspect of the process. While this literature is largely focused on the auditory system, substantial human and rodent findings on the olfactory system have emerged. The unique nature of the olfactory neuroanatomy and its intimate association with emotion compels a review of this recent literature to illuminate its special contribution to threat memory. Here, integrating recent evidence in humans and animal models, we posit that the olfactory (piriform) cortex is a primary and necessary component of the distributed threat memory network, supporting mnemonic ensemble coding of acquired threat. We further highlight the basic circuit architecture of the piriform cortex characterized by distributed, auto-associative connections, which is prime for highly efficient content-addressable memory computing to support threat memory. Given the primordial role of the piriform cortex in cortical evolution and its simple, well-defined circuits, we propose that olfaction can be a model system for understanding (transmodal) sensory cortical mechanisms underlying threat memory.","PeriodicalId":49753,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscientist","volume":" ","pages":"285-293"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10621762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetics and Molecular Biology of Memory Suppression. 记忆抑制的遗传学和分子生物学。

IF 5.6 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221138527

Nathaniel C Noyes, Ronald L Davis

{"title":"Genetics and Molecular Biology of Memory Suppression.","authors":"Nathaniel C Noyes, Ronald L Davis","doi":"10.1177/10738584221138527","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10738584221138527","url":null,"abstract":"The brain is designed not only with molecules and cellular processes that help to form memories but also with molecules and cellular processes that suppress the formation and retention of memory. The latter processes are critical for an efficient memory management system, given the vast amount of information that each person experiences in their daily activities and that most of this information becomes irrelevant with time. Thus, efficiency dictates that the brain should have processes for selecting the most critical information for storage and suppressing the irrelevant or forgetting it later should it escape the initial filters. Such memory suppressor molecules and processes are revealed by genetic or pharmacologic insults that lead to enhanced memory expression. We review here the predominant memory suppressor molecules and processes that have recently been discovered. They are diverse, as expected, because the brain is complex and employs many different strategies and mechanisms to form memories. They include the gene-repressive actions of small noncoding RNAs, repressors of protein synthesis, cAMP-mediated gene expression pathways, inter- and intracellular signaling pathways for normal forgetting, and others. A deep understanding of memory suppressor molecules and processes is necessary to fully comprehend how the brain forms, stabilizes, and retrieves memories and to reveal how brain disorders disrupt memory.","PeriodicalId":49753,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscientist","volume":" ","pages":"315-327"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10570929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10356550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in the Human Brain: Updates, Challenges, and Perspectives. 人脑中的成年海马神经发生：最新进展、挑战和前景》。

IF 5.6 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1177/10738584241252581

Sophie Simard, Natalie Matosin, Naguib Mechawar

引用次数: 0

Oxygen and the Spark of Human Brain Evolution: Complex Interactions of Metabolism and Cortical Expansion across Development and Evolution. 氧气与人类大脑进化的火花：新陈代谢与皮质扩展在发育和进化过程中的复杂互动。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221138032

Andrea I Luppi, Fernando E Rosas, MaryAnn P Noonan, Pedro A M Mediano, Morten L Kringelbach, Robin L Carhart-Harris, Emmanuel A Stamatakis, Anthony C Vernon, Federico E Turkheimer

{"title":"Oxygen and the Spark of Human Brain Evolution: Complex Interactions of Metabolism and Cortical Expansion across Development and Evolution.","authors":"Andrea I Luppi, Fernando E Rosas, MaryAnn P Noonan, Pedro A M Mediano, Morten L Kringelbach, Robin L Carhart-Harris, Emmanuel A Stamatakis, Anthony C Vernon, Federico E Turkheimer","doi":"10.1177/10738584221138032","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10738584221138032","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific theories on the functioning and dysfunction of the human brain require an understanding of its development-before and after birth and through maturation to adulthood-and its evolution. Here we bring together several accounts of human brain evolution by focusing on the central role of oxygen and brain metabolism. We argue that evolutionary expansion of human transmodal association cortices exceeded the capacity of oxygen delivery by the vascular system, which led these brain tissues to rely on nonoxidative glycolysis for additional energy supply. We draw a link between the resulting lower oxygen tension and its effect on cytoarchitecture, which we posit as a key driver of genetic developmental programs for the human brain-favoring lower intracortical myelination and the presence of biosynthetic materials for synapse turnover. Across biological and temporal scales, this protracted capacity for neural plasticity sets the conditions for cognitive flexibility and ongoing learning, supporting complex group dynamics and intergenerational learning that in turn enabled improved nutrition to fuel the metabolic costs of further cortical expansion. Our proposed model delineates explicit mechanistic links among metabolism, molecular and cellular brain heterogeneity, and behavior, which may lead toward a clearer understanding of brain development and its disorders.","PeriodicalId":49753,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscientist","volume":" ","pages":"173-198"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10928962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10719887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ask the dust. 问尘埃。

IF 5.6 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/10738584241236158

引用次数: 0

Emerging Roles of Neuronal Extracellular Vesicles at the Synapse. 神经元胞外小泡在突触中的新作用

IF 5.6 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.1177/10738584231160521

Ashley J Mason, Christopher Deppmann, Bettina Winckler

引用次数: 0

Diverging from the Norm: Reevaluating What Miniature Excitatory Postsynaptic Currents Tell Us about Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity. 偏离常态:重新评估微型兴奋性突触后电流告诉我们的稳态突触可塑性。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-29 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221112336

Andrew G Koesters, Mark M Rich, Kathrin L Engisch

{"title":"Diverging from the Norm: Reevaluating What Miniature Excitatory Postsynaptic Currents Tell Us about Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity.","authors":"Andrew G Koesters, Mark M Rich, Kathrin L Engisch","doi":"10.1177/10738584221112336","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10738584221112336","url":null,"abstract":"The idea that the nervous system maintains a set point of network activity and homeostatically returns to that set point in the face of dramatic disruption-during development, after injury, in pathologic states, and during sleep/wake cycles-is rapidly becoming accepted as a key plasticity behavior, placing it alongside long-term potentiation and depression. The dramatic growth in studies of homeostatic synaptic plasticity of miniature excitatory synaptic currents (mEPSCs) is attributable, in part, to the simple yet elegant mechanism of uniform multiplicative scaling proposed by Turrigiano and colleagues: that neurons sense their own activity and globally multiply the strength of every synapse by a single factor to return activity to the set point without altering established differences in synaptic weights. We have recently shown that for mEPSCs recorded from control and activity-blocked cultures of mouse cortical neurons, the synaptic scaling factor is not uniform but is close to 1 for the smallest mEPSC amplitudes and progressively increases as mEPSC amplitudes increase, which we term divergent scaling. Using insights gained from simulating uniform multiplicative scaling, we review evidence from published studies and conclude that divergent synaptic scaling is the norm rather than the exception. This conclusion has implications for hypotheses about the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic scaling.","PeriodicalId":49753,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscientist","volume":" ","pages":"49-70"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12216122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9656196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Associative Thalamus: A Switchboard for Cortical Operations and a Promising Target for Schizophrenia. 联合丘脑:皮质操作的交换机和精神分裂症的有希望的目标

IF 3.5 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-08 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221112861

Arghya Mukherjee, Michael M Halassa

{"title":"The Associative Thalamus: A Switchboard for Cortical Operations and a Promising Target for Schizophrenia.","authors":"Arghya Mukherjee, Michael M Halassa","doi":"10.1177/10738584221112861","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10738584221112861","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia is a brain disorder that profoundly perturbs cognitive processing. Despite the success in treating many of its symptoms, the field lacks effective methods to measure and address its impact on reasoning, inference, and decision making. Prefrontal cortical abnormalities have been well documented in schizophrenia, but additional dysfunction in the interactions between the prefrontal cortex and thalamus have recently been described. This dysfunction may be interpreted in light of parallel advances in neural circuit research based on nonhuman animals, which show critical thalamic roles in maintaining and switching prefrontal activity patterns in various cognitive tasks. Here, we review this basic literature and connect it to emerging innovations in clinical research. We highlight the value of focusing on associative thalamic structures not only to better understand the very nature of cognitive processing but also to leverage these circuits for diagnostic and therapeutic development in schizophrenia. We suggest that the time is right for building close bridges between basic thalamic research and its clinical translation, particularly in the domain of cognition and schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":49753,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscientist","volume":"1 1","pages":"132-147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10822032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48701450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0