Neuroscientist最新文献

Activity-Dependent Synapse Refinement: From Mechanisms to Molecules. 活动依赖性突触细化：从机制到分子。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1177/10738584231170167

Sivapratha Nagappan-Chettiar, Timothy J Burbridge, Hisashi Umemori

{"title":"Activity-Dependent Synapse Refinement: From Mechanisms to Molecules.","authors":"Sivapratha Nagappan-Chettiar, Timothy J Burbridge, Hisashi Umemori","doi":"10.1177/10738584231170167","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10738584231170167","url":null,"abstract":"The refinement of immature neuronal networks into efficient mature ones is critical to nervous system development and function. This process of synapse refinement is driven by the neuronal activity-dependent competition of converging synaptic inputs, resulting in the elimination of weak inputs and the stabilization of strong ones. Neuronal activity, whether in the form of spontaneous activity or experience-evoked activity, is known to drive synapse refinement in numerous brain regions. More recent studies are now revealing the manner and mechanisms by which neuronal activity is detected and converted into molecular signals that appropriately regulate the elimination of weaker synapses and stabilization of stronger ones. Here, we highlight how spontaneous activity and evoked activity instruct neuronal activity-dependent competition during synapse refinement. We then focus on how neuronal activity is transformed into the molecular cues that determine and execute synapse refinement. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying synapse refinement can lead to novel therapeutic strategies in neuropsychiatric diseases characterized by aberrant synaptic function.","PeriodicalId":49753,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscientist","volume":" ","pages":"673-689"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9405276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bror Rexed (1914-2002) and His Pioneer Works on Spinal Cord Cytoarchitecture. Bror Rexed（1914-2002 年）和他在脊髓细胞结构方面的开创性工作。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-02 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221149664

Esra Candar, Ibrahim Demircubuk, Gulgun Sengul

引用次数: 0

Plasticity of Dendritic Spines Underlies Fear Memory. 树突棘的可塑性是恐惧记忆的基础

IF 3.5 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-22 DOI: 10.1177/10738584231185530

Ja Eun Choi, Bong-Kiun Kaang

引用次数: 0

The Cerebellum and the Motor Cortex: Multiple Networks Controlling Multiple Aspects of Behavior. 小脑和运动皮层：多个网络控制行为的多个方面

IF 3.5 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1177/10738584231189435

Danny Adrian Spampinato, Elias Paolo Casula, Giacomo Koch

{"title":"The Cerebellum and the Motor Cortex: Multiple Networks Controlling Multiple Aspects of Behavior.","authors":"Danny Adrian Spampinato, Elias Paolo Casula, Giacomo Koch","doi":"10.1177/10738584231189435","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10738584231189435","url":null,"abstract":"The cerebellum and its thalamic projections to the primary motor cortex (M1) are well known to play an essential role in executing daily actions. Anatomic investigations in animals and postmortem humans have established the reciprocal connections between these regions; however, how these pathways can shape cortical activity in behavioral contexts and help promote recovery in neuropathological conditions remains not well understood. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive description of these pathways in animals and humans and discuss how novel noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) methods can be used to gain a deeper understanding of the cerebellar-M1 connections. In the first section, we focus on recent animal literature that details how information sent from the cerebellum and thalamus is integrated into an broad network of cortical motor neurons. We then discuss how NIBS approaches in humans can be used to reliably assess the connectivity between the cerebellum and M1. Moreover, we provide the latest perspectives on using advanced NIBS approaches to investigate and modulate multiple cerebellar-cortical networks involved in movement behavior and plasticity. Finally, we discuss how these emerging methods have been used in translation research to produce long-lasting modifications of cerebellar-thalamic-M1 to restore cortical activity and motor function in neurologic patients.","PeriodicalId":49753,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscientist","volume":" ","pages":"723-743"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10476965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Control of Cortical Folding: Multiple Mechanisms, Multiple Models. 皮质折叠的控制：多种机制，多种模式。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1177/10738584231190839

Alexandra Moffat, Carol Schuurmans

{"title":"The Control of Cortical Folding: Multiple Mechanisms, Multiple Models.","authors":"Alexandra Moffat, Carol Schuurmans","doi":"10.1177/10738584231190839","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10738584231190839","url":null,"abstract":"The cerebral cortex develops through a carefully conscripted series of cellular and molecular events that culminate in the production of highly specialized neuronal and glial cells. During development, cortical neurons and glia acquire a precise cellular arrangement and architecture to support higher-order cognitive functioning. Decades of study using rodent models, naturally gyrencephalic animal models, human pathology specimens, and, recently, human cerebral organoids, reveal that rodents recapitulate some but not all the cellular and molecular features of human cortices. Whereas rodent cortices are smooth-surfaced or lissencephalic, larger mammals, including humans and nonhuman primates, have highly folded/gyrencephalic cortices that accommodate an expansion in neuronal mass and increase in surface area. Several genes have evolved to drive cortical gyrification, arising from gene duplications or de novo origins, or by alterations to the structure/function of ancestral genes or their gene regulatory regions. Primary cortical folds arise in stereotypical locations, prefigured by a molecular \"blueprint\" that is set up by several signaling pathways (e.g., Notch, Fgf, Wnt, PI3K, Shh) and influenced by the extracellular matrix. Mutations that affect neural progenitor cell proliferation and/or neurogenesis, predominantly of upper-layer neurons, perturb cortical gyrification. Below we review the molecular drivers of cortical folding and their roles in disease.","PeriodicalId":49753,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscientist","volume":" ","pages":"704-722"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11558946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10058100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microglial Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder. 自闭症谱系障碍中的小胶质细胞功能障碍

IF 3.5 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1177/10738584241252576

Jian Meng, Lingliang Zhang, Yun-Wu Zhang

引用次数: 0

Neural Network Excitation/Inhibition: A Key to Empathy and Empathy Impairment. 神经网络兴奋/抑制：移情和移情障碍的关键。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1177/10738584231223119

Yuanhong Tang, Chunjian Wang, Qingquan Li, Gang Liu, Da Song, Zhenzhen Quan, Yan Yan, Hong Qing

引用次数: 0

Hidden in the white matter: Current views on interstitial white matter neurons. 隐藏在白质中：目前对白质间质神经元的看法。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1177/10738584241282969

Maximilian Fischer, Maria Kukley

{"title":"Hidden in the white matter: Current views on interstitial white matter neurons.","authors":"Maximilian Fischer, Maria Kukley","doi":"10.1177/10738584241282969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10738584241282969","url":null,"abstract":"The mammalian brain comprises two structurally and functionally distinct compartments: the gray matter (GM) and the white matter (WM). In humans, the WM constitutes approximately half of the brain volume, yet it remains significantly less investigated than the GM. The major cellular elements of the WM are neuronal axons and glial cells. However, the WM also contains cell bodies of the interstitial neurons, estimated to number 10 to 28 million in the adult bat brain, 67 million in Lar gibbon brain, and 450 to 670 million in the adult human brain, representing as much as 1.3%, 2.25%, and 3.5% of all neurons in the cerebral cortex, respectively. Many studies investigated the interstitial WM neurons (IWMNs) using immunohistochemistry, and some information is available regarding their electrophysiological properties. However, the functional role of IWMNs in physiologic and pathologic conditions largely remains unknown. This review aims to provide a concise update regarding the distribution and properties of interstitial WM neurons, highlight possible functions of these cells as debated in the literature, and speculate about other possible functions of the IWMNs and their interactions with glial cells. We hope that our review will inspire new research on IWMNs, which represent an intriguing cell population in the brain.","PeriodicalId":49753,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscientist","volume":" ","pages":"10738584241282969"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Empathic pain: Underlying neural mechanism. 共鸣痛：潜在的神经机制

IF 3.5 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1177/10738584241283435

Ming-Ming Zhang, Tao Chen

引用次数: 0

Critical Windows: Exploring the Association Between Perinatal Trauma, Epigenetics, and Chronic Pain. 关键之窗：探索围产期创伤、表观遗传学和慢性疼痛之间的关联。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1177/10738584231176233

Zoe N Kodila, Sandy R Shultz, Glenn R Yamakawa, Richelle Mychasiuk

{"title":"Critical Windows: Exploring the Association Between Perinatal Trauma, Epigenetics, and Chronic Pain.","authors":"Zoe N Kodila, Sandy R Shultz, Glenn R Yamakawa, Richelle Mychasiuk","doi":"10.1177/10738584231176233","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10738584231176233","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic pain is highly prevalent and burdensome, affecting millions of people worldwide. Although it emerges at any point in life, it often manifests in adolescence. Given that adolescence is a unique developmental period, additional strains associated with persistent and often idiopathic pain lead to significant long-term consequences. While there is no singular cause for the chronification of pain, epigenetic modifications that lead to neural reorganization may underpin central sensitization and subsequent manifestation of pain hypersensitivity. Epigenetic processes are particularly active during the prenatal and early postnatal years. We demonstrate how exposure to various traumas, such as intimate partner violence while in utero or adverse childhood experiences, can significantly influence epigenetic regulation within the brain and in turn modify pain-related processes. We provide compelling evidence that the burden of chronic pain is likely initiated early in life, often being transmitted from mother to offspring. We also highlight two promising prophylactic strategies, oxytocin administration and probiotic use, that have the potential to attenuate the epigenetic consequences of early adversity. Overall, we advance understanding of the causal relationship between trauma and adolescent chronic pain by highlighting epigenetic mechanisms that underlie this transmission of risk, ultimately informing how to prevent this rising epidemic.","PeriodicalId":49753,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscientist","volume":" ","pages":"574-596"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11439237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9500809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0