Neuroscientist最新文献

Perineuronal Nets: Old Structures, New Functions. 神经网络：旧结构，新功能。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-26 DOI: 10.1177/10738584261421180

Bhanu P Tewari, Lata Chaunsali, Harald Sontheimer

{"title":"Perineuronal Nets: Old Structures, New Functions.","authors":"Bhanu P Tewari, Lata Chaunsali, Harald Sontheimer","doi":"10.1177/10738584261421180","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10738584261421180","url":null,"abstract":"Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are morphologically distinct aggregates of extracellular matrix that predominantly ensheath fast-spiking GABAergic neurons in the brain. Discovered in the late 19th century by Camilo Golgi, PNNs have emerged as an important stabilizing structure of synapses during development. Particularly in the somatosensory cortex, PNNs ensure that activity-dependent wiring of sensory maps remains stable throughout life. While for decades, the study of PNNs has been focused almost exclusively on their role in development, recent research on PNNs in neurologic diseases has identified novel functions for PNNs and has provided compelling evidence that disruption of PNNs can be a major contributor to diseases such as epilepsy, glioma, and Alzheimer disease. Studies of PNNs in disease also provided a wealth of information on the dynamic remodeling of PNNs in the normal and diseased brain and the potential ability to modulate disease etiology or presentation by targeting PNNs. In this literature review, we focus on recently identified functions of PNNs in the healthy brain and how alterations in PNNs are causally associated with neurologic diseases, including epilepsy, glioma, and Alzheimer disease. Specific novel functions discussed in greater detail include the regulation of neuronal firing via 1) altered membrane capacitance, 2) electrostatic ion filtering, and 3) aiding astrocytic clearance of Glu and K+ at tripartite synapses.","PeriodicalId":49753,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscientist","volume":" ","pages":"169-183"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147311687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mitochondrial Calcium Signaling in the Brain: From Molecular Mechanisms to Behavioral Outcomes. 脑内线粒体钙信号：从分子机制到行为结果。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-11 DOI: 10.1177/10738584261425658

Sandrine Pouvreau, Giovanni Marsicano, Julia Welte

{"title":"Mitochondrial Calcium Signaling in the Brain: From Molecular Mechanisms to Behavioral Outcomes.","authors":"Sandrine Pouvreau, Giovanni Marsicano, Julia Welte","doi":"10.1177/10738584261425658","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10738584261425658","url":null,"abstract":"Mitochondria are multifaceted organelles positioned at the intersection of multiple signaling pathways. Beyond serving as one of the main energy providers in the brain, they play crucial roles in shaping cytosolic calcium signals across both neuronal and glial cell populations, modulating synaptic transmission and plasticity, and regulating neuronal excitability and network activity. The involvement of mitochondrial calcium handling in brain cell physiology has been explored for many years. However, by enabling in vivo cell-specific manipulations, the molecular identification of mitochondrial calcium signaling protein complexes, over the past 2 decades, has tremendously improved our understanding of how mitochondria regulate brain function and behavior.This review synthesizes current knowledge of mitochondrial calcium handling mechanisms and protein complexes in the nervous system, as well as their involvement in brain function, from cellular physiology to behavioral consequences. We discuss pharmacological and genetic evidence for a role of mitochondrial calcium handling in synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, astrocyte functions, and circuit activity. We underline experimental differences across approaches and models, as well as show how genetic tools have challenged or confirmed earlier pharmacological results. Finally, we examine how recent advances using transgenic models have revealed complex roles for mitochondrial calcium signaling in behavioral responses and opened new research avenues.","PeriodicalId":49753,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscientist","volume":" ","pages":"184-209"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147663428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Astrocyte synchronization and behavior. 星形胶质细胞同步和行为。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-05 DOI: 10.1177/10738584261443001

引用次数: 0

Struggling with How to Categorize Psychiatric Illness. 挣扎于如何分类精神疾病。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-05 DOI: 10.1177/10738584261444256

引用次数: 0

Parent-Child Neural Similarity and Synchrony: Toward an Integrative Framework. 亲子神经相似性和同步性：迈向一个整合的框架。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/10738584261430317

Zexi Zhou, Ya-Yun Chen, Tae-Ho Lee, Yang Qu

{"title":"Parent-Child Neural Similarity and Synchrony: Toward an Integrative Framework.","authors":"Zexi Zhou, Ya-Yun Chen, Tae-Ho Lee, Yang Qu","doi":"10.1177/10738584261430317","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10738584261430317","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, a growing body of research has demonstrated that parents' and children's brains often exhibit neural similarity and synchrony during shared activities, emotional exchanges, and everyday interactions. This interbrain alignment offers a novel window into the mechanisms through which social connection, caregiving, and development unfold. In this review, we provide a comprehensive synthesis of studies investigating parent-child neural similarity and synchrony, drawing on diverse neuroimaging tools, including functional magnetic resonance imaging, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, and electroencephalography. To bring conceptual clarity to this rapidly growing field, we introduce a 2 × 2 framework that categorizes research contexts along two key dimensions: level of interaction (low vs. high) and emotional salience (low vs. high). Using this framework, we organize and interpret the empirical literature, highlighting consistent findings, methodological variations, and developmental implications across different types of parent-child engagement. This framework not only helps structure existing knowledge but also reveals context-specific understanding in the literature. Finally, we outline future directions that emphasize the importance of longitudinal designs, cultural diversity, multimodal imaging, and expanding beyond the dyadic unit. This review aims to deepen the understanding of how neural alignment within families supports learning, emotion regulation, and social development across the life span.","PeriodicalId":49753,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscientist","volume":" ","pages":"210-225"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Whale. 鲸鱼。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-05 DOI: 10.1177/10738584261443000

引用次数: 0

The Unexplored Role of Noncoding Regulatory RNAs in Engram Dynamics. 非编码调控rna在印迹动力学中未被探索的作用。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-27 DOI: 10.1177/10738584261425960

Prakruti Nanda, Gerhard Schratt

{"title":"The Unexplored Role of Noncoding Regulatory RNAs in Engram Dynamics.","authors":"Prakruti Nanda, Gerhard Schratt","doi":"10.1177/10738584261425960","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10738584261425960","url":null,"abstract":"Memory is stored in distributed neuronal ensembles known as engrams, which are defined by their activation during encoding and their necessity for recall. Current research relies heavily on immediate-early gene (IEG) expression to map these traces; however, the temporal lag of transcription fails to account for the real-time processing of neural activity or the long-term structural remodeling required for memory persistence. In this review, we propose that the noncoding genome serves as the essential regulatory infrastructure of the engram, governing the transition from transient firing to stable physical change. We outline a 3-phase model of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) regulation: first, we discuss how synaptic microRNAs act as high-speed filters during encoding to gate excitability and potentially solve the IEG latency paradox. Second, we examine how long ncRNAs maintain epigenetic identity and valence during the interim state. Finally, we argue that consolidation involves a \"pseudo-developmental\" reactivation of neurogenic and synaptogenic programs driven by ncRNAs. This framework provides a unified perspective on how mature neurons multiplex diverse experiences, suggesting that ncRNAs are not merely accessory molecules but the central architects of memory maintenance, specificity, and stability.","PeriodicalId":49753,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscientist","volume":" ","pages":"226-243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147534049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Neurochemical Orchestra of the Runner's High: A Narrative Review of Neuromodulatory Mechanisms with a Focus on Endocannabinoids. 跑步者兴奋的神经化学管弦乐队：以内源性大麻素为重点的神经调节机制的叙述性回顾。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1177/10738584261440907

Michael Siebers, Deborah Canales-Romero, Johannes Fuss

{"title":"The Neurochemical Orchestra of the Runner's High: A Narrative Review of Neuromodulatory Mechanisms with a Focus on Endocannabinoids.","authors":"Michael Siebers, Deborah Canales-Romero, Johannes Fuss","doi":"10.1177/10738584261440907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10738584261440907","url":null,"abstract":"Endurance exercise can induce a transient euphoric state known as the runner's high, characterized by euphoria, anxiolysis, hypoalgesia, and a subjective sense of flow. Traditionally, this phenomenon has been interpreted within an \"either-or\" framework, attributing its emergence primarily to β-endorphins or, more recently, to the endocannabinoid (eCB) system. The aim of this narrative review is to move beyond this dichotomy and to present an integrative neuromodulatory perspective on the runner's high, with a focus on the eCB system as a central coordinating mechanism. We integrate evidence from human and animal studies showing that circulating eCBs reliably increase during moderate-intensity endurance exercise and are consistently associated with core affective features of the runner's high. At the same time, we consider the complementary roles of other neuromodulators: β-endorphins primarily regulate pain and stress responses; brain-derived neurotrophic factor supports neuroplasticity; serotonin and dopamine modulate mood and motivation; noradrenaline and adrenaline facilitate arousal; and leptin links the metabolic state to movement and motivation. Overall, the runner's high appears to reflect an orchestrated neuromodulatory response in which the eCB system occupies a prominent integrative role.","PeriodicalId":49753,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscientist","volume":" ","pages":"10738584261440907"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neural Reconstruction in Disorders of Consciousness: Prospects and Emerging Challenges. 意识障碍中的神经重建：前景和新挑战。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2026-04-15 DOI: 10.1177/10738584261434939

Matthew Kolisnyk, Sidath Rankaduwa, Garima Gupta, Karnig Kazazian, Derek B Debicki, Adrian M Owen

{"title":"Neural Reconstruction in Disorders of Consciousness: Prospects and Emerging Challenges.","authors":"Matthew Kolisnyk, Sidath Rankaduwa, Garima Gupta, Karnig Kazazian, Derek B Debicki, Adrian M Owen","doi":"10.1177/10738584261434939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10738584261434939","url":null,"abstract":"Reconstructing mental experience from brain activity is becoming increasingly feasible through advances in neuroimaging and deep learning. Neural signals have been translated into images, text, and speech and have been applied clinically to restore communication and movement in patients with motor paralysis. Extending reconstruction to patients with disorders of consciousness (DoCs) represents the next critical step. DoCs encompass conditions such as the vegetative and minimally conscious states, in which wakefulness is preserved but behavioral signs of awareness are absent, inconsistent, or difficult to interpret. These behavioral signs may not reflect patients' underlying cognitive capacities, as neuroimaging studies have shown that a subset retains cognitive function. Reconstruction could offer insight into these otherwise inaccessible experiences and potentially restore communication. However, if applied incorrectly, reconstruction risks mischaracterizing a patient's inner life and compromising their autonomy. To clarify the current landscape, this article reviews the development of reconstruction methods, their emerging clinical applications, and the distinct interpretive challenges associated with applying these approaches to DoCs. It then offers recommendations for evaluating reconstruction results, centered on identifying awareness, validating reconstruction models, and protecting patient autonomy. The aim is to support the responsible advancement of reconstruction and its potential to transform understanding of DoCs.","PeriodicalId":49753,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscientist","volume":" ","pages":"10738584261434939"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanotransduction Regulates Myelination. 机械转导调节髓鞘形成。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Neuroscientist Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.1177/10738584261425964

引用次数: 0