Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science最新文献_第5页

The reappearance of Galileo's original Letter to Benedetto Castelli 伽利略给贝内代托·卡斯特利的原信的再现

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-10-24 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2018.0053

M. Camerota, F. Giudice, S. Ricciardo

{"title":"The reappearance of Galileo's original Letter to Benedetto Castelli","authors":"M. Camerota, F. Giudice, S. Ricciardo","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2018.0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0053","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes an important manuscript discovered recently in the Royal Society archives, and presents evidence that it is the holograph of Galileo's Letter to Benedetto Castelli of 21 December 1613. It was in this letter that Galileo first set out his ideas on the relation between science and religion, and defended Copernican astronomy from charges of being contrary to the Holy Scriptures. The text of the Letter has hitherto been known only through manuscript copies, namely the 12 used by Antonio Favaro in his critical edition of 1895. Despite his magisterial work, Favaro did not manage to locate Galileo's autograph and was forced to rely exclusively on copies. The Letter to Castelli preserved at the Royal Society is of remarkable interest. By comparison with the other extant manuscript copies by different hands, its wording seems to be theologically more daring and compromising. The discovery of this autograph is therefore one of the most important in Galilean studies in recent decades, shedding new light on his intricate relations with the Roman Catholic Church in these years.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47183050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Physical arguments and moral inducements: John Wallis on questions of antiquarianism and natural philosophy 物理论证和道德诱因：约翰·瓦利斯谈古物主义和自然哲学问题

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-10-17 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2018.0021

P. Beeley

{"title":"Physical arguments and moral inducements: John Wallis on questions of antiquarianism and natural philosophy","authors":"P. Beeley","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2018.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0021","url":null,"abstract":"In his posthumously published work Chartham News (1669), the antiquary William Somner tentatively sought to link the discovery of fossilized remains near Canterbury to the prehistoric existence of an isthmus connecting Britain and France, before calling on natural philosophers to pursue his explanation further. This call was eventually heeded by the Oxford mathematician John Wallis, but only after more than thirty years had elapsed. The arrival in England of a catalogue of questions concerning the geology of the Channel led to the republication of Chartham News in the Philosophical Transactions, prompting Wallis to develop a physical explanation based on his intimate knowledge of the Kent coastline. Unbeknown to Wallis at the time, that catalogue had been sent by G. W. Leibniz, who had in turn received it from G. D. Schmidt, the former Resident of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Sweden. Wallis's explanation, based on the principle of establishing physical causes both for the rupturing of the isthmus and for the origin of fossils, placed him in a camp opposed by Newtonian authors such as John Harris at a time when the priority dispute over the discovery of the calculus led to the severing of his ties with the German mathematician and philosopher Leibniz.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49316944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The hydrostatical works of George Sinclair (c. 1630–1696): an addendum 乔治·辛克莱（约1630–1696）的流体静力学著作：附录

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-10-17 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2018.0048

A. Craik, Danielle Spittle

引用次数: 1

Analysis and demonstration: Wallis and Newton on mathematical presentation 分析与论证:沃利斯和牛顿的数学表示

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-10-17 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2018.0025

A. Kaplan

{"title":"Analysis and demonstration: Wallis and Newton on mathematical presentation","authors":"A. Kaplan","doi":"10.1098/rsnr.2018.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0025","url":null,"abstract":"Emulating the Greek geometers, Newton used synthetic demonstration to present the ground-breaking arguments of the Principia. This paper argues that we can better understand Newton's reasons for using geometry by considering John Wallis's interpretation of synthetic demonstration. Wallis condemned demonstration for failing to explain the mathematical truths it presented. He opposed to it a presentation that combined symbolic analysis with a documented account of discovery. In preferring symbols, Wallis was motivated both by the nascent tradition of symbolic analysis and by contemporary interest in artificial languages. Newton maintained Wallis's characterization of Greek demonstration as adapted to common understanding rather than as strictly elucidating, but he inverted the values Wallis associated with synthesis and analysis. In Newton's new account, synthetic demonstration was preferable precisely because it could address inexpert readers without exposing them to the complications of symbols-based analysis. Newton advanced his arguments on behalf of geometry through portraits of ancient mathematicians: Archimedes and Pythagoras.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42985933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Geomagnetic instruments at National Museums Scotland 苏格兰国家博物馆的地磁仪器

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-10-17 DOI: 10.1098/RSNR.2018.0035

A. D. Morrison-Low

引用次数: 0

Follow the data: administering science at Edward Sabine's magnetic department, Woolwich, 1841–57 跟着数据走:1841年至1857年，在伍尔维奇，爱德华·萨宾的磁学部门管理科学

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-10-17 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2018.0036

M. Goodman

引用次数: 2

Instrument provision and geographical science: the work of the Royal Geographical Society, 1830–ca 1930 仪器供应和地理科学：英国皇家地理学会的工作，1830年至1930年

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-10-10 DOI: 10.1098/RSNR.2018.0034

J. Wess, C. Withers

{"title":"Instrument provision and geographical science: the work of the Royal Geographical Society, 1830–ca 1930","authors":"J. Wess, C. Withers","doi":"10.1098/RSNR.2018.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/RSNR.2018.0034","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the Royal Geographical Society's provision and management of scientific instruments to explorers and expeditions in the century following its foundation in 1830. Assessment of the Society's directives concerning appropriate scientific instruments for the conduct of geography reveals the emergence (slow and uneven) of policies concerning the assignment of instruments. From examination of Council minutes and related manuscript sources, the paper documents the numbers of instruments acquired by the Society, by whom used, for what scientific purpose and in which parts of the world. The paper examines the number and chronology of expeditions supported by the Society's instruments, examines the expenditure upon instruments’ repair, and discusses the publications that followed their use in exploration. Correspondence between instrument users and the Society reveals that, on occasion, the use of instruments was adventitious. While geographical knowledge depended upon the use of scientific instruments to measure and to depict the world, geography was not a formally institutionalized survey science as was the case with the Geological Survey or the nation-defining mapping of Ordnance Survey.","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/RSNR.2018.0034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42070401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

‘Too much for mee to speake of’: the many facets of John Wallis's life and legacy “太多了，我无法谈论”：约翰·瓦利斯生活和遗产的许多方面

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-10-10 DOI: 10.1098/RSNR.2018.0047

Adam D. Richter, Stephen D. Snobelen

{"title":"‘Too much for mee to speake of’: the many facets of John Wallis's life and legacy","authors":"Adam D. Richter, Stephen D. Snobelen","doi":"10.1098/RSNR.2018.0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/RSNR.2018.0047","url":null,"abstract":"Many early modern men and women left behind documents and artefacts that suggested how they wanted to be remembered. By the time John Wallis, the Oxford-based mathematician and theologian, had died in 1703, he had left several such items for future generations. For instance, in 1697, he wrote an autobiographical letter to his friend Thomas Smith, fellow of Magdalen College. The letter begins with an account of how Wallis, born in Ashford, Kent, in 1616 to a minister and his wife, spent his childhood at schools in Kent and Essex before he matriculated at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, in 1632. After graduating BA (1637) and MA (1640) from Emmanuel, Wallis was ordained as a minister and might have stayed on the clerical career path if not for certain unexpected developments, described in his letter, that led him toward a different career. In particular, Wallis explained how he discovered his aptitude for mathematics when, while home from Cambridge for Christmas in 1631, he learned basic arithmetic from his brother, who was training for a career as a draper. Wallis's natural mathematical ability would prove invaluable when, in 1649, he was installed as Savilian Professor of Geometry despite having little mathematical training. Although the reasons for his appointment were at least partly political,1 the results were spectacular: Wallis published a flurry of ground-breaking mathematical works during the 1650s, and he went on to enjoy a long and productive mathematical career for the next half-century. The rest of Wallis's autobiographical letter focuses on the significant events in which he participated throughout his life, from serving as a scribe in the Westminster Assembly of Divines to the founding of the Royal Society of London, of which he was an active member.2 These were the aspects of his career that Wallis sought to preserve …","PeriodicalId":49744,"journal":{"name":"Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/RSNR.2018.0047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43507539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polity and liturgy in the philosophy of John Wallis 约翰·沃利斯哲学中的政体和礼拜仪式

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-10-10 DOI: 10.1098/RSNR.2018.0027

Jason M. Rampelt

引用次数: 0

Geometry, religion and politics: context and consequences of the Hobbes–Wallis dispute 几何、宗教与政治:霍布斯-沃利斯之争的背景与后果

IF 0.4 3区哲学

Notes and Records-The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Pub Date : 2018-10-10 DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2018.0026

D. Jesseph

引用次数: 5