Northeastern Naturalist最新文献

{"title":"Past and Present Distribution and Identification of Extant Native Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) Populations in the Canadian Maritime Provinces","authors":"Matthew G. Warner, S. Andrews, John L. MacMillan, Andrew G. Lowles, Kathryn Collet, R. A. Curry, T. Linnansaari, M. Stokesbury","doi":"10.1656/045.030.m2301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.m2301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139210216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Observations of Smooth Greensnake (Opheodrys vernalis) Communal Oviposition within An Active Ant Nest of Lasius interjectus","authors":"Allison B. Sacerdote-Velat, Nick Sekits","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0404","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract - We report the first observations of Opheodrys vernalis (Smooth Greensnake) communal oviposition of 137 eggs within an active nest mound of Lasius interjectus (Citronella Ant) in a northern Illinois prairie. This is the first North American documentation of snake oviposition, and communal oviposition, within an active ant nest. The communal Smooth Greensnake nest is also the largest reported to date. We observed other instances of Smooth Greensnakes nesting in proximity to Citronella Ant nests beneath artificial cover objects, which may indicate a facultative inquiline relationship. Other documented North American associations between snakes and ants have been with Formica mound-building ants in which snakes used mounds as refugia or hibernacula. The only other North American observation of a reptile nesting within an active ant mound was with Anolis carolinensis (Green Anole) and Odontomachus brunneus ants in Florida (Kwapich 2021). Other accounts of inquiline oviposition by snakes within active ant nests have been from Central America, South America, and Africa, predominantly within the fungal-farming chambers of leaf-cutter ant genera Acromyrmex, Anochetus, Apterostigma, Atta, Camponotus, Platythyrea, and Strumigenys.","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"314 ","pages":"N57 - N70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139248649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in New England: Evidence for Founder Effect on Nantucket Island","authors":"Richard Beckwitt, Sarah Bois, Bryan Connolly","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0401","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract - Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer) currently number ∼3000 on Nantucket Island. No deer were seen on the island at the beginning of the 20th century. The historical record suggests that a single male deer was brought to the island in 1922, and that 2 female deer were brought to the island from Michigan in 1926. After the deer population had increased to several hundred, additional deer (2 male and 3 female) were brought to Nantucket from New Hampshire in 1935 and 1936. To investigate the presence of founder effect in the population on Nantucket, we obtained samples of White-tailed Deer feces or muscle tissue from Nantucket; the New England mainland (including Cape Cod, southeastern Massachusetts, and a few samples from Maine, Connecticut, and Rhode Island), Shelter Island, NY; and Ann Arbor, MI. We amplified a portion of the mitochondrial control region (D-loop), and found 3 different sequences (haplotypes) among 35 deer samples from Nantucket. Two common haplotypes were identical or nearly identical to haplotypes from Michigan. One rare haplotype was also found in deer from the mainland in Connecticut and Massachusetts. This latter haplotype was unusual in that it contained 3 tandem copies of a 75 base-pair repeat, while most White-tailed Deer have 2 copies. In contrast, we found 5 haplotypes among 26 deer from the New England mainland. Haplotype diversity on Nantucket was 0.447 (± 0.082), and nucleotide diversity (π) was 0.021 (± 0.005). Haplotype diversity on the mainland was 0.839 (± 0.029), and π was 0.046 (± 0.002). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated little genetic differentiation among populations on the New England mainland (ϕST = 0.095, P = 0.113). However, when the population on Nantucket was included in the analysis, there was much more genetic variation among populations (ϕST = 0.414, P = 0.000). Our results indicate that most deer on Nantucket originated from 2 founding females from Michigan, and a small percentage are descended from later introductions from the New England mainland.","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"103 1","pages":"382 - 392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139247180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results of a Mussel Survey from the Upper Rock River, Wisconsin and Illinois, and the Discovery of Live Cyclonaias tuberculata (Purple Wartyback)","authors":"David F. Ford, Aaron M. Prewitt, Thomas G. Jones, Alyssa R. Jones","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0402","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract - Freshwater mussels are one of the most diverse and critically endangered organismal groups in the world. In North America, many of the ∼300 species are imperiled to some degree, and numerous states, including Illinois, have instituted surveys and safeguards to protect their remaining mussel resources. In Illinois, the status of many mussel species is unknown, and additional efforts are needed to determine the health of rare and endangered mussels. The Rock River system was historically a stronghold for mussels in Illinois; however, studies over the last decade are lacking. To obtain current data on the health and status of mussels within a portion of the Rock River, we conducted survey efforts throughout the upper Rock River. We sampled mussels semi-quantitatively at 30 sites using bank-to-bank transects in July of 2021 to determine whether rare and endangered species were still extant. We also examined the abundances of species currently considered common and assessed shell-length data to determine the overall viability of the mussel fauna. We surveyed a total of 4360 m of the river and obtained 2506 live mussels of 19 species. The assemblage consisted primarily of Potamilus ohiensis (Pink Papershell) and Cyclonaias pustulosa (Pimpleback), and approximately half the assemblage consisted of recent recruits (juveniles). We collected live Cyclonaias nodulata (Wartyback), Cyclonaias tuberculata (Purple Wartyback), and Truncilla donaciformis (Fawnsfoot), all Illinois or Wisconsin state-listed species. The Purple Wartyback consisted of 2 cohorts and are the first live individuals recorded from the Rock River since the late 1980s. Furthermore, the presence of numerous juveniles indicates successful reproduction and recruitment for multiple species. Continued work on managing stream habitats is vital to protecting and reinforcing their remaining diversity, and the upper Rock River warrants further protections.","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"39 4","pages":"393 - 406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139247487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brown Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Predation on An Eastern Chipmunk (Tamias striatus)","authors":"Paul R. Sievert, Todd K. Fuller","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0403","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract - We report an observation of a Rattus norvegicus (Brown Rat) capturing and killing a Tamias striatus (Eastern Chipmunk) in rural western Massachusetts. This documentation of predation on an active animal suggests that the potential for predation by rats to affect some small-mammal populations may be underestimated.","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"85 1","pages":"N54 - N56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139248595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observation of the Uncommon Burying Beetle Nicrophorus hebes (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Silphinae), Feeding on a Dead Blanding's Turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) in Massachusetts","authors":"James F. Welch, Bryan Windmiller, John Berkholtz","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0309","url":null,"abstract":"Nicrophorus hebes is a recently revalidated species of burying beetle in the family Staphylinidae (formerly Silphidae) reported as a wetland specialist. We observed a first record of N. hebes in a recently deceased juvenile Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding's Turtle). To date only 2 other Nicrophorus species (N. sayi and N. marginatus) have been shown to use turtle carcasses in an experimental study. This observation presents the first record for N. hebes utilizing turtle carrion and the first natural observation of the use of turtle carcasses by a Nicrophorus species. This unique observation may help researchers better understand food webs within wetlands and the prey items burying beetles are using within wetland habitats.","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135592325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Nest Shelters by American Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima dresseri): Occupancy Rates and Effects of Shelter Type on Nest Microclimate","authors":"Kristen Noel, Shawn Craik, Glen J. Parsons, Isabeau Pratte, Molly D. Tomlik, Mark L. Mallory","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0308","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial nest shelters have long been used as a conservation tool for waterfowl management to provide safe nesting sites and improve breeding success of local populations. We examined occupancy rates, temperature, and humidity in 2 nest-shelter types provided for Somateria mollissima dresseri (American Common Eider) on coastal islands in the Eastern Shore Islands Wildlife Management Area, NS, Canada. We placed temperature and humidity loggers inside existing plastic barrel shelters, newly designed wooden A-frame shelters, and in natural nesting habitat on 3 islands. The annual proportion of shelters used for each shelter type varied considerably among islands, but we found no difference between the occupancy rates of wooden A-frame shelters (40%) and plastic barrels (39%). We found that wooden A-frame shelters closely mimicked daily mean temperature and humidity in natural nesting habitat, whereas barrel shelters created much hotter, drier conditions compared to natural nesting habitat and A-frame shelters. We suspect microclimate conditions under plastic barrels may cause dehydration for nesting eiders and lead to adverse effects. Therefore, we recommend the removal of plastic barrel shelters from eider colonies. Further research is needed to confirm whether A-frame shelters reduce rates of predation on eider hens and their eggs by large gulls and eagles compared to natural nesting habitat.","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135592516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attempted Predation of Live-Captured Neotoma magister (Allegheny Woodrat) by Strix varia (Barred Owl) and Buteo jamaicensis (Red-Tailed Hawk) in Kentucky","authors":"Makayla E. Beckner, Karen E. Powers, Luke E. Dodd","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0310","url":null,"abstract":"We documented multiple attempted predation events of Neotoma magister (Allegheny Woodrat) by Strix varia (Barred Owl) and Buteo jamaicensis (Red-tailed Hawk) using camera traps paired with live-traps. Given our observations, the life histories of these predators and how they relate to Allegheny Woodrats needs to be further investigated. Pairing passive monitoring tools with live-trapping efforts will not only improve the safety and efficacy of live-trapping practices, but can also elucidate temporal activity patterns of study species and provide natural history observations as outlined here.","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"31 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135592525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lights, Noise, Nesting? Effects of Human Disturbances on Reproduction in Cavity-Nesting Songbirds","authors":"Haley M. Howerin, Sarah L. Foltz","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0304","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract - Human habitat disturbances impact wildlife, including cavity-nesting birds. We explored species-specific relationships between 4 anthropogenically altered nest-box features (canopy cover, human activity, noise, and artificial light at night) on the nest-box use, nestling quality, and fledgling success of Sialia sialis (Eastern Bluebird) and Tachycineta bicolor (Tree Swallow). Both species, but especially Tree Swallows, used boxes with lower canopy cover, and Tree swallows used boxes with more human activity, while Bluebirds used low-activity boxes. Fledging success varied significantly by species, and nestling quality showed a weak positive trend with noise. These results suggest that impacts of human disturbance should be considered on a species-by-species basis, even in groups with significant overlap in habitat preference and life-history traits.","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"30 1","pages":"329 - 346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46175996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Evidence of Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) in the Diet of the Blanding's Turtle (Emydoidea blandingii)","authors":"Joseph. Cannizzaro, Sandra L. Koch, William H. Graser","doi":"10.1656/045.030.0306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/045.030.0306","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We discovered mammalian hair in the feces of an adult female Emydoidea blandingii (Blanding's Turtle) in a palustrine marsh in northern Illinois on 28 April 2021. Comparison and analysis of guard-hair length, proximal shaft pattern, and cross section of the shield region revealed the hair to be that of an Ondatra zibethicus (Muskrat). This is the first recorded mammalian food item of a Blanding's Turtle and is the second time a novel prey item has been documented in the diet of a Blanding's Turtle at this site. In light of this discovery, we suggest a need for additional diet studies on this turtle.","PeriodicalId":49742,"journal":{"name":"Northeastern Naturalist","volume":"30 1","pages":"N31 - N34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47858546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}