Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in New England: Evidence for Founder Effect on Nantucket Island

IF 0.5 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Northeastern Naturalist Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI:10.1656/045.030.0401

Richard Beckwitt, Sarah Bois, Bryan Connolly

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Abstract - Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer) currently number ∼3000 on Nantucket Island. No deer were seen on the island at the beginning of the 20th century. The historical record suggests that a single male deer was brought to the island in 1922, and that 2 female deer were brought to the island from Michigan in 1926. After the deer population had increased to several hundred, additional deer (2 male and 3 female) were brought to Nantucket from New Hampshire in 1935 and 1936. To investigate the presence of founder effect in the population on Nantucket, we obtained samples of White-tailed Deer feces or muscle tissue from Nantucket; the New England mainland (including Cape Cod, southeastern Massachusetts, and a few samples from Maine, Connecticut, and Rhode Island), Shelter Island, NY; and Ann Arbor, MI. We amplified a portion of the mitochondrial control region (D-loop), and found 3 different sequences (haplotypes) among 35 deer samples from Nantucket. Two common haplotypes were identical or nearly identical to haplotypes from Michigan. One rare haplotype was also found in deer from the mainland in Connecticut and Massachusetts. This latter haplotype was unusual in that it contained 3 tandem copies of a 75 base-pair repeat, while most White-tailed Deer have 2 copies. In contrast, we found 5 haplotypes among 26 deer from the New England mainland. Haplotype diversity on Nantucket was 0.447 (± 0.082), and nucleotide diversity (π) was 0.021 (± 0.005). Haplotype diversity on the mainland was 0.839 (± 0.029), and π was 0.046 (± 0.002). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated little genetic differentiation among populations on the New England mainland (ϕST = 0.095, P = 0.113). However, when the population on Nantucket was included in the analysis, there was much more genetic variation among populations (ϕST = 0.414, P = 0.000). Our results indicate that most deer on Nantucket originated from 2 founding females from Michigan, and a small percentage are descended from later introductions from the New England mainland.

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新英格兰白尾鹿（Odocoileus virginianus）的线粒体 DNA 序列变异：南塔克特岛创始人效应的证据

摘要--目前，南塔克特岛上的白尾鹿（Odocoileus virginianus）数量为 3000 头。20 世纪初，岛上还没有出现过鹿。历史记录表明，1922 年有一只雄鹿被带到岛上，1926 年有两只雌鹿从密歇根州被带到岛上。在鹿的数量增加到几百头之后，1935 年和 1936 年，又有人从新罕布什尔州将另外两头雄鹿和三头雌鹿带到了南塔克特岛。为了研究南塔基特岛种群中是否存在始祖鸟效应，我们从南塔基特岛、新英格兰大陆（包括鳕鱼角、马萨诸塞州东南部以及缅因州、康涅狄格州和罗德岛的一些样本）、纽约州谢尔特岛和密歇根州安阿伯获取了白尾鹿粪便或肌肉组织样本。我们扩增了线粒体控制区（D 环）的一部分，在南塔基特岛的 35 个鹿样本中发现了 3 种不同的序列（单倍型）。两个常见的单倍型与密歇根州的单倍型相同或几乎相同。在康涅狄格州和马萨诸塞州的鹿样本中也发现了一种罕见的单倍型。后一种单倍型与众不同，它包含 3 个 75 碱基对重复的串联拷贝，而大多数白尾鹿只有 2 个拷贝。相比之下，我们在新英格兰大陆的 26 头鹿中发现了 5 个单倍型。南塔基特岛的单倍型多样性为0.447（± 0.082），核苷酸多样性（π）为0.021（± 0.005）。大陆的单倍型多样性为 0.839（± 0.029），π 为 0.046（± 0.002）。分子方差分析（AMOVA）表明，新英格兰大陆种群之间的遗传差异很小（jST = 0.095，P = 0.113）。然而，如果将南塔克特岛上的种群也纳入分析，种群间的遗传变异就会大得多（ϕST = 0.414，P = 0.000）。我们的研究结果表明，南塔克特岛上的大部分鹿源自密歇根州的两头创始雌鹿，还有一小部分是后来从新英格兰大陆引进的鹿的后代。

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来源期刊

Northeastern Naturalist 环境科学-生态学

CiteScore

1.10

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

18-36 weeks

期刊介绍： The Northeastern Naturalist covers all aspects of the natural history sciences of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine organisms and the environments of the northeastern portion of North America, roughly bounded from Virginia to Missouri, north to Minnesota and Nunavut, east to Newfoundland, and south back to Virginia. Manuscripts based on field studies outside of this region that provide information on species within this region may be considered at the Editor’s discretion. The journal welcomes manuscripts based on observations and research focused on the biology of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine organisms and communities as it relates to their life histories and their function within, use of, and adaptation to the environment and the habitats in which they are found, as well as on the ecology and conservation of species and habitats. Such studies may encompass measurements, surveys, and/or experiments in the field, under lab conditions, or utilizing museum and herbarium specimens. Subject areas include, but are not limited to, anatomy, behavior, biogeography, biology, conservation, evolution, ecology, genetics, parasitology, physiology, population biology, and taxonomy. Strict lab, modeling, and simulation studies on natural history aspects of the region, without any field component, will be considered for publication as long as the research has direct and clear significance to field naturalists and the manuscript discusses these implications.