{"title":"The Weight of Words: Discursive Burdening and Ideological Shaping of Work Through the 2025 International Council of Nurses' Definition of \"Nurse\".","authors":"Jerome Visperas Cleofas","doi":"10.1111/nin.70086","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nin.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This critical discussion paper examines how the International Council of Nurses' (ICN) 2025 definition of \"nurse\" may shape nursing work by functioning as a discursive artifact and proposes the mid-range concept of discursive burdening to help explain the potential downstream effects on nurses' labor. Grounded in Fairclough's critical discourse analysis (CDA) and the social ecology of nursing, this study analyzes the ICN definition alongside its explanatory report and selectively mapped it to scholarly, policy, and gray sources to illustrate how professional definitions can travel into practice. Using CDA tools, linguistic features of the text were linked to discourse and wider social practices. From the CDA of the ICN definition, the concept of discursive burdening emerges with three interrelated dimensions: (1) deontological dumping, (2) amorphous scope expansion, and (3) intensifying emancipatory labor. Mapped onto nursing's social ecology, these dynamics plausibly cascade through overlapping regulatory, bureaucratic, occupational, gender, and multi-professional systems. The ICN report also names buffers that can diffuse these effects when made co-present with the public definition, which includes legal conditionality, regulator mediation, contextualization, resource support, clarifying and sharing roles, and education/leadership investment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49727,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Inquiry","volume":"33 2","pages":"e70086"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146127143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Valuing Invisible Labor: A Feminist Political Economy Analysis of the Cost and Burden of Critical Care Nursing in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries.","authors":"Daniel Joseph E Berdida","doi":"10.1111/nin.70097","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nin.70097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Critical care nursing is central to intensive care delivery, yet its costs and burdens remain largely invisible in low- and lower-middle-income countries. As critical care services expand in response to epidemiological transitions and global health emergencies, economic evaluations increasingly guide policy and resource allocation. However, prevailing health economic frameworks privilege infrastructure, technology, and physician-led interventions while treating nursing labor as a fixed or residual input. Using a feminist political economy and social reproduction lens, this discursive paper argues that the key research gap lies not only in limited data but also in systematic undervaluation of critical care nursing as gendered, socially necessary labor. Drawing on feminist economics, labor theory, and health workforce research, this paper examines how dominant costing and cost-effectiveness approaches obscure the variable and value-generating nature of nursing work. Nursing labor misclassification can distort incremental cost-effectiveness ratios, creating a false appearance of efficiency by excluding key labor inputs. These omissions shift costs onto nurses through work intensification, burnout, moral distress, migration, and onto households through unpaid caregiving and out-of-pocket spending. The paper proposes a feminist health economics research agenda prioritizing labor-sensitive costing, workforce well-being, gender-responsive analysis, household cost accounting, and nurse-led research supporting equitable and sustainable critical care systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":49727,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Inquiry","volume":"33 2","pages":"e70097"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147582879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Constructing the \"Safe Zone for Ideal Parenting\": A Qualitative Study on the Childbearing Intentions of Chinese University Nursing Students.","authors":"Hui Xue, Xianghu Ma, Guangpeng Wang","doi":"10.1111/nin.70088","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nin.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childbearing decisions are a pivotal factor shaping the future professional and personal trajectories of nursing students, profoundly influenced by a confluence of socioeconomic, cultural, and individual factors. This qualitative descriptive study explores the childbearing attitudes, intentions, plans, and their underlying influencing factors among university nursing students in China. The empirical material was generated from semi-structured interviews conducted between November 2024 and March 2025, with thematic analysis applied to the data. Four major themes emerged: a polarized value perception of childbearing, framed as either a path to life fulfillment or a \"high-risk event\"; childbearing as a rational choice contingent upon constructing a \"safe zone\" of economic, professional, and psychological readiness; the critical influence of key relational actors, including partners and grandparents; and the structural pressures of the macro-social environment, such as high rearing costs and gender culture. The findings indicate that contemporary nursing students have transformed childbearing decisions into a cautious evaluation of a \"high-risk life milestone,\" with procreation predicated on achieving an ideal state of readiness-a threshold significantly elevated by a desire to \"surpass the previous generation.\" Consequently, effective pro-natalist policies must move beyond mere financial incentives to address the structural barriers and deep-seated anxieties related to career development, gender equality, and workforce support within the healthcare sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":49727,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Inquiry","volume":"33 2","pages":"e70088"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146151156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joseph Andrew Pepito, Faustino Jerome Babate, Gil Platon Soriano, Glenn Ford D Valdez, Heather Briggs, Denise LaPlante, Judith Ismael, Sitti Shierwina Al-Jumayile
{"title":"Digital Empathy in Nursing: Developing a Situated Model for Compassionate Care in Technology-Mediated Environments.","authors":"Joseph Andrew Pepito, Faustino Jerome Babate, Gil Platon Soriano, Glenn Ford D Valdez, Heather Briggs, Denise LaPlante, Judith Ismael, Sitti Shierwina Al-Jumayile","doi":"10.1111/nin.70102","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nin.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Digital transformation is reshaping contemporary nursing practice, troubling long-held assumptions about empathy as something enacted primarily through physical co-presence, touch, and embodied interaction. As care increasingly unfolds through telehealth, electronic systems, and artificial intelligence-supported platforms, empathy can no longer be assumed to function in stable or uniform ways. Rather, digital empathy emerges as a contested nursing concern that raises philosophical, ethical, and professional questions about presence, authenticity, and moral responsibility in technologically mediated care. Grounded in humanistic nursing theory, particularly the work of Watson and Paterson and Zderad, this paper approaches empathy as a moral and relational orientation central to nursing identity rather than a technical communication skill. It argues that empathy must be understood as situated, shaped by the technological, organizational, and ethical contexts in which care is delivered. To support this conceptual reframing, the Situated Model of Digital Empathy is introduced as a heuristic that illuminates the dynamic interrelationships among humanistic foundations, technology-mediated processes, and relational outcomes in nursing practice. By engaging digital empathy as an evolving and context-sensitive expression of nursing's ethical commitments, this paper contributes to ongoing inquiry into how caring, compassion, and professional identity are sustained amid the expanding presence of digital technologies. Trial Registration: This study was not a clinical trial and does not require registration.</p>","PeriodicalId":49727,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Inquiry","volume":"33 2","pages":"e70102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147639825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicola Power, Joanna Fadyl, Simon Walters, Deborah Payne
{"title":"The Roles and Purposes of Caring Touch in Health Professional Practice: A Discourse Analysis.","authors":"Nicola Power, Joanna Fadyl, Simon Walters, Deborah Payne","doi":"10.1111/nin.70094","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nin.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research literature concludes that caring touch contributes to physical and psychological wellness. However, in health practice, touch is constructed as acceptable in some situations and not in others. Utilising interviews with nurses and other health professionals, the aim of this study was to explore the discourses shaping the role and purpose of caring touch in health practice. Poststructural methodology, drawn from the work of Michele Foucault, was employed to make visible what discourses of caring touch were legitimised or marginalised in a health setting. At times, caring touch was constructed as an expression of humanness, whilst at others it was expressly part of a professional practice. Findings showed that discourses shaping choices to engage in acts of caring touch with patients were linked to the social construction of the relationship between the patient and the professional. Whilst some practitioners talked about integrating caring touch into practice with little difficulty, for others, caring touch was constructed as an 'extra'. Discourses that shaped professional subjectivities were key to those differences. Findings from this paper build on existing understandings of caring touch in literature by highlighting the unique interplay of discourses in practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":49727,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Inquiry","volume":"33 2","pages":"e70094"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13008317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147505370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alysha T Jones, Melissa Vera, Jessica LeClair, Darryl Harsch
{"title":"Centring Biodiversity in Nursing for Decolonial Planetary Health.","authors":"Alysha T Jones, Melissa Vera, Jessica LeClair, Darryl Harsch","doi":"10.1111/nin.70104","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nin.70104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Escalating biodiversity loss is tied to a global colonial-capitalist order that treats human and other-than-human lives as resources for extraction. Sustained by logics of separation and hierarchies of value, this order creates grave risks for planetary health. Nursing is a profession and discipline grounded in relational caring praxis and a growing commitment to decolonizing perspectives. This positions nurses to resist these logics and instead act in recognition of the critical importance of biodiversity and the interconnectedness of human and other-than-human communities. In this discussion paper, we synthesize decolonial and ecological scholarship alongside nursing praxis. We engage five movements (Indigenous Consensus, Natural Law, Rights of Nature, Kincentric Ecology and Queer Ecology) that hold an ethics of kinship and resistance to colonial-capitalist logics. We argue that centring biodiversity, especially in light of the current global biodiversity crisis, offers a pathway to decolonial planetary health. Drawing on this synthesis, we outline implications for nursing research, education, advocacy and policy, and practice, reorienting nursing's ethical commitments toward multispecies care and justice. This is the first nursing-centred synthesis to integrate biodiversity care with decolonial ethics.</p>","PeriodicalId":49727,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Inquiry","volume":"33 2","pages":"e70104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147787409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reimagining Nursing Theories in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Preserving the Human Essence Amid Digital Transformation.","authors":"Abdulqadir Nashwan, Jibin Kunjavara","doi":"10.1111/nin.70099","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nin.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The exponential growth of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has sparked both enthusiasm and apprehension within the nursing discipline. While AI promises to enhance clinical efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making, it simultaneously challenges nursing's humanistic foundations, its ethical commitments, relational presence, and caring philosophy. This paper critically examines how classical nursing theories, including those of Nightingale, Peplau, Orem, Roy, and Watson, can be reinterpreted in light of AI's expanding role in clinical practice, education, and research. Building on the epistemological traditions of caring science and adaptation theory, it introduces the AI-Enhanced Caring Adaptation Theory (AI-CAT) as a conceptual framework that situates AI as a collaborative partner in care delivery. AI-CAT conceptualizes the dynamic interaction among the Human Domain (empathy, ethics, and judgment), the AI Domain (data analytics, predictive modeling), and the Adaptive Interface (trust calibration, techno-empathy, and ethical co-agency), yielding augmented caring. The framework asserts that AI can amplify human compassion and moral reasoning when guided by nursing theory and ethical reflection. It also delineates implications for education, practice, and policy, advocating for digital literacy, critical reflection, and equitable AI governance. Ultimately, this discursive theoretical paper argues that the essence of nursing must evolve not by surrendering its humanity to algorithms, but by redefining what it means to care in an intelligent, interconnected world. AI may transform how nurses think, but it must never alter why they care.</p>","PeriodicalId":49727,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Inquiry","volume":"33 2","pages":"e70099"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147582877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Embodied Ethical Framework for Digitally Mediated Healthcare: A Nursing-Phenomenological Perspective.","authors":"Junguo Zhang","doi":"10.1111/nin.70083","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nin.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid expansion of digital health technologies-including telemedicine, wearable devices, and AI-driven diagnostics-has transformed healthcare practices by mediating how care is delivered, perceived, and experienced. While ethical debates in digital health often focus on data governance, privacy, and equitable access, less attention has been paid to digitally mediated healthcare as an embodied practice, particularly in nursing contexts. This article develops a nursing-phenomenological framework for digital health ethics by focusing on how digital technologies mediate patients' embodied experiences of illness and care. Drawing on Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of the lived body, the analysis examines how digitally mediated care reshapes bodily schema, perception, and presence in clinical encounters. Integrating Don Ihde's postphenomenology, the article further shows how technologies actively mediate perception, co-constitute embodiment, and generate multiple stabilities that shape clinical interpretation, patient engagement, and nursing practice. The central claim is that digital health ethics must attend not only to abstract bioethical principles but also to the embodied and technologically mediated conditions under which care is experienced and enacted. By clarifying the experiential and technological dimensions of digitally mediated healthcare, this approach offers a situated ethical lens with practical implications for nursing practice, technological design, and health policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49727,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Inquiry","volume":"33 2","pages":"e70083"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146127114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susana Isabel Rodrigues de Sul, Paulo Jorge Silva Nogueira, Andreia Cátia Jorge Silva Costa
{"title":"Reframing Sustainable and Planetary Health Through the Fundamentals of Care: A Conceptual Nursing Perspective.","authors":"Susana Isabel Rodrigues de Sul, Paulo Jorge Silva Nogueira, Andreia Cátia Jorge Silva Costa","doi":"10.1111/nin.70095","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nin.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This discursive conceptual paper reframes sustainable and planetary health through a nursing-centred lens by applying the Fundamentals of Care framework to contemporary challenges including population ageing, multimorbidity, climate disruption, digital fragmentation and widening social inequities. It argues that the Fundamentals of Care provide an integrative framework capable of connecting the physical, psychosocial and relational dimensions of care with broader agendas of sustainable and planetary health. By positioning nursing practice at the interface where macro-level societal pressures are translated into lived experience, the framework illuminates how health literacy, digital literacy, Healthy Cities and self-care in ageing can be understood as relationally and environmentally constituted capabilities rather than as individual responsibilities alone. From this perspective, health and digital literacy emerge as strategic public capabilities that strengthen resilience to misinformation, polarisation and civic disengagement, while Healthy Cities illustrate how environmental design and governance can promote well-being and equity at scale. Attention to political, commercial and digital determinants further highlights the need for relational infrastructures that foster trust, participation and inclusion. The paper concludes that the Fundamentals of Care positions nursing practice as a relational infrastructure that links individuals, communities and systems, translating sustainability agendas into lived experience and enabling sustainable and planetary health to advance in ways that connect policy ambitions with equity and long-term societal resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":49727,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Inquiry","volume":"33 2","pages":"e70095"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13002137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147488176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reclaiming Humanity: Nurse Self-Care as Moral Agency and Self-Transcendence Under Capitalism.","authors":"Hwisu Kim, Gyeonghui Jeong","doi":"10.1111/nin.70091","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nin.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Under capitalist healthcare, nursing labour is vulnerable to subordination to institutional efficiency and profit, fostering the risk that nurses are reduced to functional instruments and thereby eroding the ethical essence of care. Within this structure, nurses are prone to experiencing objectification-by others, of themselves and towards others-resulting in moral fatigue and the loss of subjectivity. This paper critically examines capitalism's impact on nursing and reconceptualises self-care as both moral agency and self-transcendence. Drawing on Marxian labour theory and integrating Maslow's extended hierarchy with Orem's self-care deficit theory and Watson's caring science, the dimensions of self-care are clarified. On this basis, self-care is conceptualised as a process whereby nurses reclaim autonomy and restore relational integrity, ultimately yielding moral agency and self-transcendence. Self-care begins with reclaiming agency amid commodified labour, progresses through reflective awareness and moral practice and culminates in transcendence-whereby caring becomes an authentic, liberating expression of being. Repositioned in this manner, nurse self-care transforms from an individual-level coping mechanism into a collective ethical practice, challenging capitalism's dehumanising logic and rehumanising the nursing profession itself. Trial Registration: Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":49727,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Inquiry","volume":"33 2","pages":"e70091"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}