Orl-Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Comparison Study of FNAC Using the Milan System Cytopathology versus Definitive Histology for the Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Tumors.","authors":"José María Palacios-Garcia, Julissa Vizcarra-Melgar, Maria Merchante-Ruiz, Manuel Perez, Marta Álvarez-Cendrero, Serafín Sánchez-Gómez","doi":"10.1159/000530342","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000530342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Salivary gland tumors (SGT) represent 6 to 8 percent of head and neck tumors. The cytologic diagnosis of SGT is performed by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) with variable sensitivity and specificity. The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) categorizes the cytological results and provides the risk of malignancy (ROM). The aim of our study was to evaluate the cytological findings with the definitive pathological findings to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in SGT according to MSRSGC classification.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>An observational, retrospective, single-center study was carried out at a tertiary referral hospital over a period of 10 years. Patients that underwent FNAC for major SGT and that have undergone surgery to remove the tumor were included. A histopathological follow-up was performed on the surgically excised lesions. Results from the FNAC were categorized into one of the six MSRSGC categories. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC for determining benign and malignant cases were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 417 cases were analyzed. The cytological prediction of ROM was 10% in nondiagnostic, 12.12% in non-neoplastic, 3.58% in neoplasm benign group, 60% in AUS and SUMP groups, and 100% in suspicious and malignant group. The statistical analysis of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy for determining benign cases was 99%, 55%, 94%, 93%, and 94%, respectively, and for determining malignant neoplasm was 54%, 99%, 93%, 94%, and 94%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our hands, MSRSGC is highly sensitive for benign tumors and highly specific for malignant tumors. The low sensitivity to differentiate malignant from benign cases makes it necessary to apply an adequate anamnesis, physical examination, and imaging tests to consider surgical treatment in most cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":49717,"journal":{"name":"Orl-Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"85 4","pages":"215-222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10010921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteoradionecrosis versus Cancer Recurrence: An Unresolved Clinical Dilemma.","authors":"Andrea M Tufano-Sugarman, Kevin Y Wang, Nina Kohn, Maged Ghaly, Bhupesh Parashar, Douglas Frank, Dev Kamdar, Lucio Pereira, John Fantasia, Nagashree Seetharamu","doi":"10.1159/000527261","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000527261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Osteoradionecrosis is a rare and debilitating risk of definitive chemoradiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. It is difficult to distinguish between osteoradionecrosis and recurrent or progressive disease, as clinical and radiologic features may be similar. Our aim was to compare the clinical presentation and radiologic features of osteonecrosis with those of recurrent or progressive cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a single-center case series of 19 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed between 2011 and 2019 who subsequently developed clinical and/or radiological suspicion of osteoradionecrosis. The population was a referred sample from head and neck cancer physicians at Northwell Health Cancer Institute. Clinician notes and imaging reports were reviewed to assign a final diagnosis of either cancer, osteonecrosis, or indeterminate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No differences were found in the clinical presentation or radiologic features between groups. Median time between treatment and development of symptoms was longer in patients with a final diagnosis of osteoradionecrosis than recurrent or progressive disease (5 vs. 3 months), but this difference was not statistically significant. Radiation dose and type were not associated with diagnosis. Mean standard uptake value maximums on positron emission tomography/computed tomography were significantly higher in the cancer group (median 14.8 vs. 9.1, p < 0.0152). At 1 year after first suspicion of osteoradionecrosis, 100% of osteoradionecrosis patients were alive, versus 28.6% of cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Discussion/conclusion: </strong>There is significant overlap in clinical and radiologic features of osteoradionecrosis and cancer. Standard uptake maximums may be helpful in predicting diagnosis. Occurrence of symptoms within 6 months of completing chemoradiotherapy should raise the concern for malignancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":49717,"journal":{"name":"Orl-Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"85 1","pages":"28-35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10698897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Complications after Total Pharyngo-Laryngo-Esophagectomy and Free Jejunal Flap Reconstruction.","authors":"Kento Ikuta, Yoshiko Suyama, Kohei Fukuoka, Maki Morita, Yuka Kimura, Ryunosuke Umeda, Haruka Kanayama, Makoto Ohga, Makoto Nakagaki, Takahiro Fukuhara, Kazunori Fujiwara, Shunjiro Yagi","doi":"10.1159/000530920","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000530920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Free jejunal flap (FJF) reconstruction is a standard procedure for pharyngeal and cervical esophageal defects resulting from head and neck cancer resection. However, improvements in patients' quality of life after surgery require a further statistical approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational, retrospective, multivariate analysis was designed to report the incidence of postoperative complications and their association with clinical factors in 101 patients who underwent total pharyngo-laryngo-esophagectomy and FJF reconstruction for head and neck cancer at a university hospital between January 2007 and December 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postoperative complications were observed in 69% of patients. In the reconstructive site, anastomotic leak, observed in 8% of patients was associated with vascular anastomosis in the external jugular vein system (age-adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 9.05, p = 0.044) and anastomotic stricture, observed in 11% of patients was associated with postoperative radiotherapy (age-adjusted OR: 12.60, p = 0.02). Cervical skin flap necrosis was the most common complication (34%) and was associated with vascular anastomosis on the right cervical side (age- and sex-adjusted OR: 4.00, p = 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although FJF reconstruction is a useful procedure, 69% of patients suffer a postoperative complication. We suppose that anastomotic leak is related to the low blood flow resistance of the FJF and inadequate drainage of the external jugular venous system, and anastomotic stricture is related to the vulnerability of the intestinal tissue to radiation. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the location of the vascular anastomosis may affect the mesenteric location of the FJF and the dead space in the neck, leading to the development of cervical skin flap necrosis. These data contribute to increasing our knowledge about postoperative complications related to FJF reconstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":49717,"journal":{"name":"Orl-Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"275-283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9583632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Olfactory Cleft Length: A Possible Risk Factor for Persistent Post-COVID-19 Olfactory Dysfunction.","authors":"Francisco Alves de Sousa,&nbsp;João Tarrio,&nbsp;André Sousa Machado,&nbsp;Joana Raquel Costa,&nbsp;Catarina Pinto,&nbsp;Ana Nóbrega Pinto,&nbsp;Bruno Moreira,&nbsp;Luís Meireles","doi":"10.1159/000527141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000527141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To date, little is known about predisposing factors for persistent COVID-19-induced olfactory dysfunction (pCIOD). The objective was to determine whether olfactory cleft (OC) measurements associate with pCIOD risk.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Three subgroups were recruited: group A included patients with pCIOD, group B included patients without olfactory dysfunction following SARS-CoV-2 infection (ntCIOD), and group C consisted in controls without past history of SARS-CoV-2 infection (noCOVID-19). Olfactory perception threshold (OPT) and visual analog scale for olfactory impairment (VAS-olf) were obtained. OC measurements were obtained through computed tomography scans. Results were subsequently compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 55 patients with a mean age of 39 ± 10 years were included. OPT was significantly lower in pCIOD patients (group A: 4.2 ± 2.1 vs. group B: 12.3 ± 1.8 and group C: 12.2 ± 1.5, p < 0.001). VAS-olf was significantly higher in pCIOD (group A: 6 ± 2.6 vs. group B: 1.7 ± 1.6 and group C: 1.6 ± 1.5, p < 0.001). OC length was significantly higher in group A (42.8 ± 4.6) compared to group B (39.7 ± 3.4, p = 0.047) and C (39.8 ± 4, p = 0.037). The odd of pCIOD occurring after COVID-19 infection increased by 21% (95% CI [0.981, 1.495]) for a one unit (mm) increase in OC length. The odd of pCIOD occurring was 6.9 times higher when OC length >40 mm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Longer OC may be a predisposing factor for pCIOD. This study is expected to encourage further research on OC morphology and its impact on olfactory disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":49717,"journal":{"name":"Orl-Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"85 3","pages":"119-127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9747724/pdf/orl-0001.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9712670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Olfactory Training Impacts Olfactory Dysfunction Induced by COVID-19: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Simon Bérubé,&nbsp;Claudia Demers,&nbsp;Nicholas Bussière,&nbsp;Frank Cloutier,&nbsp;Valérie Pek,&nbsp;Angela Chen,&nbsp;Josiane Bolduc-Bégin,&nbsp;Johannes Frasnelli","doi":"10.1159/000528188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000528188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Olfactory dysfunction is one of the main symptoms of COVID-19 and may last beyond resolution of the infection. The most promising intervention for post-viral olfactory dysfunction is olfactory training (OT), which involves exposing the olfactory system to a range of odors daily. This approach is thought of promoting the regeneration of olfactory receptor cells, but its effectiveness in patients with post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction has yet to be confirmed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This double-blind randomized pilot study compared the effectiveness of OT versus placebo in the treatment of post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction. Twenty-five participants were recruited in each group. OT protocol consisted of sniffing 4 scents (rose, orange, clove, and eucalyptus) for 5 min twice daily for 12 weeks. Olfactory function was assessed before and after the training using (1) a validated odor identification test (UPSIT-40) and (2) a 10-point visual analog scale; we further assessed the presence of (3) parosmia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While we did not observe any effect of OT on olfactory test scores, we observed a significant improvement of subjective olfactory function in the intervention group, while no such effect was observed in the placebo group. Finally, the frequency of parosmia was significantly lower in the intervention group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights an increase in subjective but not objective olfactory function when performing OT for 12 weeks. Further, parosmia seems to be positively affected by OT. These results may serve as a starting point for larger scale studies to assess the efficacy of OT for treatment of post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":49717,"journal":{"name":"Orl-Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"85 2","pages":"57-66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9843729/pdf/orl-0085-0001.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9641681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nodal Metastasis in Surgically Treated Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Ryan M Carey, Vincent J Anagnos, Aman Prasad, Neel R Sangal, Karthik Rajasekaran, Rabie M Shanti, Steven B Cannady, Jason G Newman, Jason A Brant, Robert M Brody","doi":"10.1159/000534491","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000534491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Management of the neck in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is essential to oncologic control and survival. The rates of lymph node metastasis (LNM) vary based on oral cavity tumor site and stage and influence treatment decisions. The aim of this paper was to describe clinical LNM for different tumor subsites and stages of surgically managed OCSCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis of 25,846 surgically managed OCSCC patients from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) stratified by tumor subsite and clinical T-stage. For cN + patients, rates of pathologic LNM and absence of pathologic LNM were determined. For cN0 patients, outcomes included the rates of elective neck dissection (END) and occult LNM and predictors of occult LNM determined by a multivariable logistic regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 25,846 patients (59.1% male, mean age 61.9 years) met inclusion criteria with primary tumor sites including oral tongue (50.8%), floor of mouth (21.2%), lower alveolus (7.6%), buccal mucosa (6.7%), retromolar area (4.9%), upper alveolus (3.6%), hard palate (2.7%), and mucosal lip (2.5%). Among all sites, clinical N+ rates increased with T-stage (8.9% T1, 28.0% T2, 51.6% T3, 52.5% T4); these trends were preserved across subsites. Among patients with cN + disease, the overall rate of concordant positive pathologic LNM was 80.1% and the rate of discordant negative pathologic LNM was 19.6%, which varied based on tumor site and stage. In the overall cohort of cN0 patients, 59.9% received END, and the percentage of patients receiving END increased with higher tumor stage. Occult LNM among those cN0 was found in 25.1% of END cases, with the highest rates in retromolar (28.8%) and oral tongue (27.5%) tumors. Multivariable regression demonstrated significantly increased rates of occult LNM for higher T stage (T2 OR: 2.1 [1.9-2.4]; T3 OR: 3.0 [2.5-3.7]; T4 OR: 2.7 [2.2-3.2]), positive margins (OR: 1.4 [1.2-1.7]), and positive lymphovascular invasion (OR: 5.1 [4.4-5.8]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Management of the neck in OCSCC should be tailored based on primary tumor factors and considered for early-stage tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":49717,"journal":{"name":"Orl-Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"85 6","pages":"348-359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10652645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134650328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Considerations in Addressing Cholesterol Granuloma of the Petrous Apex through an Infracochlear Approach.","authors":"Andro Košec,&nbsp;Josip Prnjak,&nbsp;Robert Tomljenović,&nbsp;Mihael Ries","doi":"10.1159/000530054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000530054","url":null,"abstract":"Cholesterol granuloma of the petrous bone is a foreign body giant cell reaction to cholesterol deposits with symptoms including hearing loss, vestibular dysfunction, and cranial nerve deficit as a result of cystic mass compression. Surgical treatment is often difficult to plan due to limited access to the lesion and possible injury to surrounding structures. We report on a case of petrous apex cholesterol granuloma drainage through an infracochlear approach. A 27-year-old female patient presented with acute diplopia due to left-sided abducens paralysis. Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging described a 3.5-cm well-marginated lesion in petrous bone apex, compressing the left abducens nerve at the point of entry into the cavernous sinus, corresponding to cholesterol granuloma. The patients was surgically treated through a transcanal infracochlear approach, since preserving the external and middle ear conduction mechanisms was paramount for the patient. The patient was discharged on the second postoperative day and diplopia resolved within 5 days postoperatively. Six months after the surgery, her hearing on the left side is normal, and she remains symptom-free. This case underpins the value of preoperative planning when approaching the petrous apex, an anatomically complex area due to abundance of important neurovascular structures crowded in a narrow and confined region.","PeriodicalId":49717,"journal":{"name":"Orl-Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"85 3","pages":"172-176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9663188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specimen-Based Resection Margins and Local Control during Transoral Robotic Surgery for Oropharyngeal HPV-Mediated Squamous Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Kelly R Magliocca,&nbsp;Azeem S Kaka,&nbsp;Emily M Barrow,&nbsp;Matthew B Studer,&nbsp;Christopher C Griffith,&nbsp;Jacqueline Ernst,&nbsp;Tara Meade,&nbsp;Andrew Balicki,&nbsp;Brian J Boyce,&nbsp;Nicole C Schmitt,&nbsp;Andres M Bur,&nbsp;Alessandra C Schmitt,&nbsp;Ryan Jackson,&nbsp;Conor E Steuer,&nbsp;Jonathan J Beitler,&nbsp;Mihir R Patel","doi":"10.1159/000527369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000527369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to investigate the association of surgical margin conditions, including positive specimen margins revised to negative relative to local recurrence, disease-free survival, and overall survival (OS) within a cohort of HPV-mediated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) who underwent en bloc resection via transoral robotic surgery (TORS).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Retrospective cohort of patients with untreated HPV-mediated OPSCC cT1 or T2 undergoing TORS resection between October 2014 and March 2020. The methodologic description of our interdisciplinary institutional approach, number of cut-through margins (CTMs) during intraoperative consultation, percentage of final positive margin cases, and disease-free survival and OS stratified by margin status and margin tumor-free distance is identified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>135 patients with primary cT1/T2 HPV-mediated OPSCC met inclusion criteria. Twenty-eight of 135 (20.7%) specimens revealed CTM and were revised during the same operative setting. Three of 135 (2.2%) surgical cases had positive final margin status. Local control rate was 97%. On univariate analysis, margin distance did not impact OS. CTM and final positive margins had lower OS than initially negative margins (p = 0.044). Pathologic N-stage significantly impacted OS (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High local control rate and low final positive margin status confound the study of specimen margin-based techniques in HPV-mediated OPSCC resected en bloc with TORS. Pathologic N-stage may impact OS more than margin status. Larger numbers are needed to confirm differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":49717,"journal":{"name":"Orl-Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"85 2","pages":"80-87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10014263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nasal Septal Perforation Secondary to Graft-Versus-Host Disease.","authors":"Will P Hoover,&nbsp;Caleb P Wilson,&nbsp;Sukaina Hasnie,&nbsp;Kibwei A McKinney","doi":"10.1159/000528866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000528866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nasal septal perforation is a full-thickness defect of the nasal septum. There are many described etiologies of nasal septal perforation, including trauma, infectious, neoplastic, iatrogenic, and autoimmune. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common and potentially life-threatening complication that can occur after an allogenic transplant. GVHD can result in the development of autoantibodies that lead to granulomatous inflammation with necrotizing vasculitis, causing perforation of the nasal septum. In this report, we describe a patient with nasal septal perforation secondary to GVHD and hope to provide novel insights into the association of GVHD and nasal septal perforation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49717,"journal":{"name":"Orl-Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery","volume":"85 2","pages":"109-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9998091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Olfactory Nomenclature: An Orchestrated Effort to Clarify Terms and Definitions of Dysosmia, Anosmia, Hyposmia, Normosmia, Hyperosmia, Olfactory Intolerance, Parosmia, and Phantosmia/Olfactory Hallucination.","authors":"Anna Kristina Hernandez, Basile N Landis, Aytug Altundag, Alexander Wieck Fjaeldstad, Simon Gane, Eric H Holbrook, Caroline Huart, Iordanis Konstantinidis, Matt Lechner, Alberto Macchi, Patricia Portillo Mazal, Takaki Miwa, Carl M Philpott, Jayant M Pinto, Sophia C Poletti, Jan Vodicka, Antje Welge-Luessen, Katherine L Whitcroft, Thomas Hummel","doi":"10.1159/000530211","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000530211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Definitions are essential for effective communication and discourse, particularly in science. They allow the shared understanding of a thought or idea, generalization of knowledge, and comparison across scientific investigation. The current terms describing olfactory dysfunction are vague and overlapping.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>As a group of clinical olfactory researchers, we propose the standardization of the terms \"dysosmia,\" \"anosmia,\" \"hyposmia,\" \"normosmia,\" \"hyperosmia,\" \"olfactory intolerance,\" \"parosmia,\" and \"phantosmia\" (or \"olfactory hallucination\") in olfaction-related communication, with specific definitions in this text.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>The words included in this paper were determined as those which are most frequently used in the context of olfactory function and dysfunction, in both clinical and research settings. Despite widespread use in publications, however, there still exists some disagreement in the literature regarding the definitions of terms related to olfaction. Multiple overlapping and imprecise terms that are currently in use are confusing and hinder clarity and universal understanding of these concepts. There is a pressing need to have a unified agreement on the definitions of these olfactory terms by researchers working in the field of chemosensory sciences. With the increased interest in olfaction, precise use of these terms will improve the ability to integrate and advance knowledge in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":49717,"journal":{"name":"Orl-Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"312-320"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10711772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10139560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}