Orl-Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Influential Factors on Survival in Laryngeal Cancer and Treatment Modalities Comparison.","authors":"Cher Pin So, Yura Shin, Vaishnevy Ganesh, Jaiganesh Jai Manickavasagam, Richard Casasola","doi":"10.1159/000543445","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Laryngeal cancer (LC) is the most common malignancy in otolaryngology, comprising 30-40% of head and neck malignancies. With an increasing incidence worldwide over the past few decades, LC has resulted in substantial strain on the NHS. There have been notable advancements in the treatment of LC over the years, particularly with the adoption of non-surgical methods, which emerged after the 1991 study conducted by the Veterans Affairs. Nevertheless, there has been an increase in mortality rates for head and neck cancer by approximately 15% in the UK over the last decade. This study aimed to evaluate the survival outcomes of patients with LC in our population, considering both the disease stage and treatment modality applied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective data were collected from 2015 to 2019 for all patients who were diagnosed with primary LC at NHS Tayside. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in LC. Survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier curve was used to compare the treatment modalities in different stages of LC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with advanced LC (stages 3 and 4) had more than 5 times risk of mortality compared to patients with early LC (stage 1 and 2) (DSS: HR 6.10, 95% CI: 1.52-14.61, p = 0.016; OS: HR 5.52, 95% CI: 1.64-13.34, p = 0.017). In patients with stage 4 LC, laryngectomy provides better survival outcomes than chemoradiotherapy (DSS: p = 0.035; OS: p = 0.046). In addition, DSS was double, and OS was 3 times higher for patients who received adjuvant radiotherapy following laryngectomy compared to patients who underwent laryngectomy alone (DSS: p = 0.036; OS: p = 0.032).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study supports that surgical treatment with adjuvant radiotherapy improves the survival outcomes of advanced LC and should be considered as first-line treatment in patients who are fit for surgery. More prospective studies are needed to determine the optimal treatment approach for advanced LC with consideration of organ function, patient quality of life, and treatment-related morbidity and mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":49717,"journal":{"name":"Orl-Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"27-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12263134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overexpression of CX3CL1-CX3CR1 Signaling in the Stria Vascularis rather than the Basilar Membrane May Be the Trigger for Inflammaging in the Cochlea.","authors":"Qiyang Sun, Xiaomei Sun, Mengqi Zhao, Weiping Wen, Fanqin Wei","doi":"10.1159/000545134","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Inflammaging is a key mechanism in presbycusis. CX3CL1-CX3CR1 pathway is critical for cochlear macrophage-hair cell cross-talk. However, its role in inflammaging remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To investigate the role of CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling in cochlear inflammaging, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from young and aged mouse cochleae were analyzed to map CX3CL1-CX3CR1 distribution and aging-related trends. Findings were validated with immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot. A migration assay assessed CX3CL1-CX3CR1's influence on macrophage migration and inflammation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>scRNA-seq analysis showed CX3CL1 mainly located in the basal cells of stria vascularis (SV), while CX3CR1 and TNF-a mainly located in macrophages. The mRNA levels of CX3CL1, CX3CR1, and TNF-a in the SV significantly upregulated in aged mice. The Western blot showed similar trends, but only the upregulation of soluble CX3CL1 was statistically significant. Exogenous CX3CL1 significantly promoted BV2 cell migration and TNF-a secretion induced by LPS, while such effects were canceled in BV2 cells with CX3CR1 interfered.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The overexpression of CX3CL1 in the basal cells of the SV with aging may be a trigger point for activating the local inflammatory microenvironment in age-related hearing loss, but it still requires further in vivo intervention experiments for validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49717,"journal":{"name":"Orl-Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"45-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of the Need for Additional Postoperative Treatment for Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis.","authors":"Takahiro Saito, Katsuya Fushimi, Tomoki Hirose, Takenori Haruna, Kenzo Tsuzuki","doi":"10.1159/000545077","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We retrospectively analysed the background and treatment effects of patients who improved with steroid treatment alone and those in whom steroids were ineffective and required dupilumab or revision functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) for postoperative recurrence of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS). The objective of this study was to determine the factors influencing the effectiveness of steroid treatment and to evaluate the outcomes of alternative treatments, such as dupilumab or revision FESS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between April 2007 and July 2021, 118 adult patients with ECRS who underwent an initial FESS and required additional treatment (corticosteroids, dupilumab, or revision FESS) were included. Responders included 84 patients who required steroid treatment, and non-responders comprised 34 patients who required dupilumab or revision FESS for postoperative recurrence. Patient characteristics (age, sex, bronchial asthma, aspirin intolerance, period from onset to initial FESS), questionnaires (self-administered odour questionnaire and nasal symptoms questionnaire), and results of examinations (JESREC score, peripheral blood eosinophils, non-specific IgE level, mean olfactory detection and recognition thresholds, intravenous olfactory test, and CT score) were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The period from onset to initial FESS was significantly longer in non-responders than that in responders (p < 0.001). In both groups, in questionnaires and detection and recognition thresholds in the standard olfactory test, significant improvements were observed after treatment (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences in the questionnaires and examinations were observed between the two groups after treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early therapeutic intervention is important because the period from onset to initial FESS affects the therapeutic effect of steroids on ECRS. Dupilumab or reoperation has been suggested to provide equivalent treatment outcomes even in patients who are resistant to steroids after surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":49717,"journal":{"name":"Orl-Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Nasal Obstruction in Patients with Primary Muscle Tension Dysphonia: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Abdul-Latif Hamdan, Jad Hosri, Nadine El Hadi, Lana Ghzayel, Mounir Bou Saab, Zeina Maria Semaan, Elie Alam, Maher Kasti","doi":"10.1159/000543238","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The link between nasal obstruction and muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) has not been previously investigated despite the well-established relationship between respiratory and voice disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of nasal obstruction and sinonasal symptoms in patients with primary MTD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients presenting to the Voice Unit at a tertiary referral center between July 2022 and October 2023 and diagnosed with primary MTD were recruited. The severity of nasal obstruction was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and sinonasal symptoms were assessed using the Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) questionnaire. A control group matched by age and gender, with no dysphonia and normal laryngeal examination was recruited.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>65 patients, 31 with MTD and 34 controls, were enrolled. Nineteen patients of the study group (61.3%) had a VAS >4, i.e., moderate to severe nasal obstruction compared to only five in the control group (14.7%) (p < 0.001). Using the SNOT-22, 61.3% of patients with MTD had moderate to severe sinonasal symptoms as compared to only 5.9% of the control group (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with primary MTD are more likely to have nasal obstruction/sinonasal symptoms in comparison to patients with no dysphonia and normal laryngeal examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":49717,"journal":{"name":"Orl-Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"39-44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"As Seen on Social Media: Mixed-Methods Analysis of Bell's Palsy Perspectives.","authors":"Rishi N Modi, Bridgette McCarty, Michael Oca, Ilya A Verzhbinsky, Jacqueline J Greene","doi":"10.1159/000545613","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bell's palsy can cause functional and psychosocial impairment, traditionally evaluated via surveys such as the Facial Clinimetric Evaluation (FaCE) Scale. Social media is a newer way to share health experiences. This study aimed to characterize Bell's palsy experience as shared on social media.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Videos within criteria were selected from social media platforms. Transcripts were generated via Python. Directed content analysis used the FaCE Scale to derive themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All themes and subthemes in FaCE were also present on social media. An additional theme of \"mood\" was present only on social media (70% of videos) with subthemes of depression (53%), uncertainty (27%), fear (23%), and optimism (20%). Themes present in both FaCE and social media were \"functional issues,\" \"treatments,\" and \"changes to daily life.\" However only social media had the following subthemes: \"functional issues\" subthemes of speech (27%), hyperacusis (17%), and dysgeusia (17%); \"treatments\" subthemes of steroids (40%), acupuncture (30%), facial exercises (30%), and supplements (23%); and \"changes to daily life\" subthemes of prioritizing rest (20%), covering face (13%), and impact on job (10%). Females were more likely to discuss depression (p = 0.042).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with Bell's palsy share experiences on social media not captured by traditional patient questionnaires, revealing areas to optimize care for this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":49717,"journal":{"name":"Orl-Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Validation of a Standardized Odor Set for Olfactory Training.","authors":"Naomi Gotow, Takanobu Omata, Satomi Kunieda, Tatsu Kobayakawa","doi":"10.1159/000545368","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Olfactory training is often used to recover function for olfactory disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study constructed two models incorporating three psychological dimensions (intensity, familiarity, and pleasantness) to psychologically validate the appropriateness of a standardized odor set (i.e., using the same odors for every patient): an average model using mean evaluation values and an individual model using individual evaluation values. We conducted an experiment in which 173 healthy participants evaluated the psychological dimensions of 32 everyday Japanese odors and then conducted principal component analysis using these psychological dimensions as observed variables to derive the score of the principal component with positive loadings of familiarity and pleasantness for each model as a composite indicator called the \"good smell index\" (GSI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The odor rankings between average and individual models show a significant strong correlation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The result suggests that the average model reflects individual odor perception, supporting the psychological appropriateness of the standardized odor set. The average model may also be useful in selecting new candidate components for the standardized odor set; however, observations in healthy participants should be considered a tool to reinforce findings in clinical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49717,"journal":{"name":"Orl-Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing CO₂ Laser and Microdrill in Primary Stapedotomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Post-Operative Hearing Outcomes and Complications.","authors":"Eyad Jamileh, Zuha Akhtar, Nadeem Gire, Abdulmalik Alsaif, Abdullah Ahmed, Mohannad Jamileh, Mohamed Xamza, Munir Ahmed","doi":"10.1159/000546504","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: The gold-standard treatment of otosclerosis is stapedectomy. Recent surgical advancements have led to the use of two approaches for stapedectomy: CO₂ laser and microdrill-assisted stapedotomy. There is limited data on the comparison of both interventions. This study aims to provide an update on evidence-based medicine on the use of CO₂ laser and microdrill in stapedotomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) Guidelines and an electronic search was conducted to identify studies comparing CO₂ laser versus microdrill for stapedectomy. Post-operative hearing outcomes and the rates of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) were identified as primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included post-operative complications such as vertigo and abnormal taste sensation. The analysis was based on fixed or random-effects modelling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four studies enrolling 1,540 patients were identified. Post-operative hearing outcomes (odds ratio [OR] = 1.23, p = 0.1), SNHL (OR = 0.8, p = 0.74), and abnormal taste sensation post-operatively (OR = 0.84, p = 0.58) were not significantly different between both interventions. However, a significant difference was found between both groups for post-operative vertigo, showing a higher rate for the microdrill group (OR = 2.54, p = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, CO₂ laser and microdrill are both effective procedures for stapedectomy, as they both produced comparable outcomes in post-operative hearing outcomes and SNHL. However, microdrill had higher rates of post-operative vertigo, possibly indicating that the CO₂ laser is a slightly more preferable option. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":49717,"journal":{"name":"Orl-Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"133-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Additional (Selective) Vidian Neurectomy in Treating Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyp: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Do Hyun Kim, David W Jang, Se Hwan Hwang","doi":"10.1159/000546116","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Recently, several reports have been published about the improvement of rhinitis symptoms through posterior nerve ablation. Therefore, we assess the effect of additional (selective) vidian neurectomy in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) compared to conventional endoscopic sinus surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed studies comparing the change of endoscopic findings and patient reporting scores (quality of life and nasal symptoms) related to CRSwNP from baseline (before treatment) to posttreatment between the treatment group (endoscopic sinus surgery plus [selective] vidian neurectomy) and the control group (endoscopic sinus surgery only).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Additional (selective) vidian neurectomy significantly improved the Lund-Kennedy score and sinusitis-related life quality scores compared to the control group. In the subgroup analyses of these results according to neurectomy extent (conventional or selective vidian neurectomy), both types of vidian neurectomy changed the Lund-Kennedy score effectively. Conventional vidian neurectomy showed greater improvement of the patient-reported nasal symptom-related VAS than did selective vidian neurectomy, but there was no significant difference in the changes of sinusitis-related life quality scores between the two groups. Regarding the adverse effects of treatment, conventional vidian neurectomy led to significantly more frequent dry eyes than did selective vidian neurectomy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Selective vidian neurectomy, when performed in conjunction with endoscopic sinus surgery, provides additional benefits in enhancing endoscopic outcomes and alleviating symptoms in patients with CRSwNP. Vidian neurectomy can reduce nasal symptoms more effectively than selective vidian neurectomy, but there is no significant difference in sinus-related symptoms and there may be side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":49717,"journal":{"name":"Orl-Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"57-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiotherapy-Related Quality of Life in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Kai Chen, Yuan Cai, Luyun Jiang, Li Tian","doi":"10.1159/000541124","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the quality of life (QoL) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients with radiotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was performed to identify relevant studies published until March 2022. Quality evaluation and data extraction were performed for the included studies, and meta-analysis was performed using Stata.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine studies, including 1,659 patients, were eligible. Most QoL scales developed at the end of the treatment course and then followed by a gradual recovery to 1 year and more than 1 year after treatment. However, some items have not changed significantly and have a deteriorating trend. Items of cognitive functioning and constipation in EORTC QLQ-C30, and sexuality, felt ill, and weight gain in EORTC QLQ-H&amp;N35 showed that scales with follow-up of more than 1 year were worse than those within 1 year but still better than those after treatment. In the intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) subgroup in EORTC QLQ-C30, cognitive functioning was similar to those before, and there was no significant change in insomnia. There was no significant change in the teeth item in EORTC QLQ-H&amp;N35. In the IMRT subgroup, scales of swallowing, felt ill, and weight gain with follow-up of more than 1 year were worse than those within 1 year.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The QoL of patients with NPC is significantly impaired after radiotherapy-treated compared to baseline, and most of these items will gradually improve.</p>","PeriodicalId":49717,"journal":{"name":"Orl-Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"200-210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Olfactory Threshold Test Results and Limits of Olfactory Testing in Patients with Parosmia.","authors":"Masayoshi Tei, Eri Mori, Rumi Sekine, Yuji Kishimoto, Hirotaka Tanaka, Monami Nagai, Yuka Tsurumoto, Nobuyoshi Otori","doi":"10.1159/000542857","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Parosmia poses a clinical challenge due to a lack of established testing methods, leading to underestimated self-reported symptoms. This study investigated olfactory threshold trends, aiming to highlight parosmia prevalence, analyze threshold patterns, and assess diagnostic potential in current olfactory testing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 407 patients who visited our olfactory clinic from April 2009 to September 2015 were categorized into parosmia and non-parosmia groups based on initial visit questionnaires. The Jet Stream T&amp;T Olfactometer measured olfactory thresholds, including mean detection and recognition thresholds, and the left-right detection threshold difference. Patient characteristics such as gender, age, time from symptom onset to hospital visit, and smoking status were compared. The study also aimed to diagnose parosmia with olfactory identification ability tests such as Open Essence and the gap between T&amp;T detection and recognition thresholds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Parosmia prevalence was 18%, with a significant gender difference and a shorter onset-to-visit duration in the parosmia group. Post-traumatic and post-infectious olfactory dysfunctions exhibited higher parosmia prevalence. Olfactory threshold testing revealed significantly lower average detection (p = 0.014) and recognition (p = 0.005) thresholds in the parosmia group, with a left-right difference in detection thresholds (p = 0.012). No significant differences were found in identification ability tests. Results suggest that preserved sense of smell is crucial for perceiving parosmia symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Parosmia was observed in 18% of patients, more commonly among females and often following trauma or infection. It presents diagnostic challenges as patients tend to maintain olfactory thresholds, making subjective assessments essential for diagnosis. The significant left-right differences in detection thresholds suggest that olfactory lateralization may play a role in the manifestation of parosmia symptoms. Our findings suggest that a unilateral occlusion test, which identifies which nostril is more likely to cause parosmia, could allow for more targeted treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49717,"journal":{"name":"Orl-Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"157-163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}