{"title":"Mediolateral Postural Control Mechanisms and Proprioception Improve With Kicking Sports Training During Adolescence.","authors":"Mariève Blanchet, François Prince","doi":"10.1123/pes.2020-0204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2020-0204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sensorimotor stimulation during the sensitive period is crucial for proper brain development. Kicking sports (KS) training stimulates these sensorimotor functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate if incorporating specific sensorimotor stimulation in mediolateral axis and proprioceptive inputs during KS training will improve the specific sensorimotor performance in adolescents. We assessed stability limits in 13 KS practitioners and 20 control participants. Starting from an upright position, subjects were asked to lean as far as possible (forward, backward, rightward, and leftward). Three sensory conditions were tested: (1) eyes open, (2) eyes closed, and (3) eyes closed while standing on a foam mat. We analyzed the maximal center of pressure excursion and the root means square of the center of pressure displacements. Results showed that KS group had smaller root means square and larger maximal center of pressure excursions than those of control participants in mediolateral axis in all sensory conditions. Furthermore, the results also revealed a significant smaller root means square excursion in KS group under foam mat condition compared to control group ML axis. This study provides evidence that KS training improved the lateral balance control and proprioceptive integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":49712,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Exercise Science","volume":"35 3","pages":"118-126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9864588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kelsey L McAlister, Diana Zhang, Kristen N Moore, Tiffany M Chapman, Jennifer Zink, Britni R Belcher
{"title":"A Systematic Review of the Associations of Adiposity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Arterial Structure and Function in Nonclinical Children and Adolescents.","authors":"Kelsey L McAlister, Diana Zhang, Kristen N Moore, Tiffany M Chapman, Jennifer Zink, Britni R Belcher","doi":"10.1123/pes.2022-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2022-0029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To summarize the evidence on associations of adiposity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with arterial structure and function in nonclinical children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two researchers conducted a search in 5 electronic databases in April 2022 to find studies in nonclinical youth (age 5-17.9 y) reporting multivariable associations. Studies were eligible if adiposity and/or CRF were used as the predictor and arterial structure and/or function was the outcome. The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies was used to assess methodological quality for experimental studies, and a modified version was used for observational studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-nine studies (72.7% cross-sectional) were included. Ninety-four assessed associations between adiposity and arterial outcomes, most using overall body proportion (n = 71), abdominal (n = 52), or whole-body adiposity (n = 40). Most evidence was inconsistent or nonsignificant, but 59 studies suggested higher abdominal adiposity and worse body proportion were associated with adverse arterial outcomes. Twenty-one assessed associations between CRF and arterial outcomes, with findings inconsistent. Most evidence was rated weak in quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While high adiposity may contribute to poor arterial outcomes, evidence is limited regarding CRF. Future studies should disentangle these associations by studying youth with healthy adiposity but poor CRF, or vice versa, using longitudinal or experimental study designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":49712,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Exercise Science","volume":"35 3","pages":"174-185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10236871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lee Hill, Noushin Roofigari, Maria Faraz, Jelena Popov, Michal Moshkovich, Melanie Figueiredo, Emily Hartung, Meryem Talbo, Marie-Laure Lalanne-Mistrih, Mary Sherlock, Mary Zachos, Brian W Timmons, Joyce Obeid, Nikhil Pai
{"title":"Physical Activity in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Lee Hill, Noushin Roofigari, Maria Faraz, Jelena Popov, Michal Moshkovich, Melanie Figueiredo, Emily Hartung, Meryem Talbo, Marie-Laure Lalanne-Mistrih, Mary Sherlock, Mary Zachos, Brian W Timmons, Joyce Obeid, Nikhil Pai","doi":"10.1123/pes.2022-0078","DOIUrl":"10.1123/pes.2022-0078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, systemic condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract. IBD can be severe and are associated with impairment in growth, school absences, abdominal pain, and fatigue. Physical activity (PA) could have an anti-inflammatory effect in addition to other benefits. It is important to address the possible risks, physiological effects of PA, and potential barriers, and facilitators for PA participation in pediatric IBD. However, potential barriers and facilitators to PA have yet to be adequately described.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a scoping review to map and describe the current literature on PA in pediatric IBD populations between 1980 and April 2022 using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines for Scoping reviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen articles were identified including 10 descriptive, 6 interventional, and 3 physiological responses to PA studies. Patients and healthy controls demonstrated similar responses to exercise. Barriers to participation were low self-esteem, body image, and active IBD symptoms. Facilitators included personal interest, activity with friends, and support from family.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review highlighted that PA participation may reduce in children with IBD-related symptoms. Short- and medium-term impacts of PA on immune modulation require further study; it is possible that regular PA does not negatively affect biomarkers of disease activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49712,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":"44-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9864967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mila Bjelica, Rachel G Walker, Joyce Obeid, Robert M Issenman, Brian W Timmons
{"title":"A Pilot Study of Exercise Training for Children and Adolescents With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Evaluation of Feasibility, Safety, Satisfaction, and Efficacy.","authors":"Mila Bjelica, Rachel G Walker, Joyce Obeid, Robert M Issenman, Brian W Timmons","doi":"10.1123/pes.2022-0012","DOIUrl":"10.1123/pes.2022-0012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experience extraintestinal side effects including altered body composition, impaired muscle strength, and aerobic capacity. Exercise training may remedy these issues.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the feasibility, safety, participant satisfaction, and efficacy of a training program for youth with IBD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children with IBD completed 16 weeks of training (2 supervised + 1 home sessions per week). Feasibility was assessed by tracking recruitment, adherence, and compliance rates. Safety was assessed by tracking symptoms and adverse events. Posttraining interviews gauged satisfaction. Circulating inflammatory markers, body composition, muscle strength, aerobic fitness, and habitual physical activity were measured at baseline, midtraining (8 wk), and posttraining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven youth were recruited and 10 completed the study. Participants adhered to 28 (1) of 32 prescribed supervised sessions and 8 (4) of 16 prescribed home sessions. There were no adverse events, and overall feedback on training was positive. Posttraining, we observed an increase in lean mass (+2.4 [1.1] kg), bone density (+0.0124 [0.015] g·cm-2), aerobic fitness (+2.8 [5.7] mL·kg LM-1· min-1), and vigorous physical activity levels (+13.09 [8.95] min·h-1) but no change in inflammation or muscle strength.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Supervised exercise training is feasible, safe, and effective for youth with IBD and should be encouraged.</p>","PeriodicalId":49712,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":"239-248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9856496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lan Sum Wong, John J Reilly, Paul McCrorie, Deirdre M Harrington
{"title":"Physical Activity Levels During School Recess in a Nationally Representative Sample of 10- to 11-Year-Olds.","authors":"Lan Sum Wong, John J Reilly, Paul McCrorie, Deirdre M Harrington","doi":"10.1123/pes.2022-0144","DOIUrl":"10.1123/pes.2022-0144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>School recess provides a valuable opportunity for children's daily moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA). This study aimed to quantify MVPA during school recess in a representative sample of Scottish children and examine whether recess MVPA varied by gender, socioeconomic status, season, urban/rural residency, and recess length.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Five-day accelerometry MVPA data were analyzed from 773 children (53.9% girls, 46.1% boys, 10- to 11-y-olds) from 471 schools. Binary logistic regression explored associations between meeting/not meeting the recommendation to spend 40% of recess time in MVPA and the aforementioned risk factors. Descriptive recess data were also analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants spent an average of 3.2 minutes (SD 2.1) in MVPA during recess. Girls engaged in 2.5 minutes (SD 1.7) of MVPA compared with 4.0 minutes (SD 2.2) for boys. Only 6% of children met the recess MVPA recommendation. The odds of girls (odds ratio 0.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.04-0.25) meeting the recommendation was lower (P < .001) compared with boys. No statistically significant differences were observed in meeting the recommendation for the other risk factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Levels of MVPA during school recess are very low in Scottish children, and interventions aimed at increasing MVPA during recess are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49712,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":"37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9864964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emily Bremer, Kelly P Arbour-Nicitopoulos, Brianna Tsui, Kathleen A Martin Ginis, Sarah A Moore, Krista L Best, Christine Voss
{"title":"Feasibility and Utility of a Fitbit Tracker Among Ambulatory Children and Youth With Disabilities.","authors":"Emily Bremer, Kelly P Arbour-Nicitopoulos, Brianna Tsui, Kathleen A Martin Ginis, Sarah A Moore, Krista L Best, Christine Voss","doi":"10.1123/pes.2022-0121","DOIUrl":"10.1123/pes.2022-0121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine the feasibility and utility of the Fitbit Charge HR to estimate physical activity among ambulatory children and youth with disabilities.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants (4-17 y old) with disabilities were recruited and asked to wear a Fitbit for 28 days. Feasibility was assessed as the number of participants who adhered to the 28-day protocol. Heat maps were generated to visually examine variability in step count by age, gender, and disability group. Between-group differences for wear time and step counts by age, gender, and disability type were assessed by independent sample t tests for gender and disability group, and a 1-way analysis of variance for age group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants (N = 157; median age = 10 y; 71% boys; 71% nonphysical disabilities) averaged 21 valid days of wear time. Wear time was higher in girls than boys (mean difference = 18.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.8 to 29.1), and in preadolescents (mean difference = 27.6; 95% CI, 15.5 to 39.7) and adolescents (mean difference = -21.2; 95% CI, -33.6 to -8.7) than children. More daily steps were taken by boys than girls (mean difference = -1040; 95% CI, -1465 to -615) and individuals with a nonphysical disability than a physical disability (mean difference = -1120; 95% CI, -1474 to -765). The heat maps showed peaks in physical activity on weekdays before school, at recess, lunchtime, and after school.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Fitbit is a feasible tool for monitoring physical activity among ambulatory children and youth with disabilities and may be useful for population-level surveillance and intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":49712,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":"249-257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9517261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vinícius Muller Reis Weber, Jose Castro-Piñero, Julio Cesar da Costa, Daniel Zanardini Fernandes, Marcelo Romanzini, Enio Ricardo Vaz Ronque
{"title":"Comparison Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Functions of Cognitive Control in Adolescents: A Tracking Study of 3 Years.","authors":"Vinícius Muller Reis Weber, Jose Castro-Piñero, Julio Cesar da Costa, Daniel Zanardini Fernandes, Marcelo Romanzini, Enio Ricardo Vaz Ronque","doi":"10.1123/pes.2021-0175","DOIUrl":"10.1123/pes.2021-0175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Compare tracking groups with cognitive control functions and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factors concentrations from childhood to adolescence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a prospective study with 3 years of follow-up. At baseline, data from 394 individuals were collected (11.7 y), and data were obtained from 134 adolescents (14.9 y) at the 3-year follow-up. At both time points, anthropometric and maximal oxygen uptake data were collected. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) groups were classified into high or low CRF. At follow-up, cognitive outcomes were collected via the Stroop and Corsi block test; plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factors concentrations were also analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparisons demonstrated that maintaining high CRF over 3 years results in shorter reaction time, better inhibitory control, and higher working memory values. Likewise, the group that moved from low to high CRF over 3 years presented better reaction time. Plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factors concentrations were higher for the group that increased its CRF over the 3 years in relation to the low-low group (90.58 pg·mL-1; P = .004). However, after scaling by an allometric approach, differences were only found for reaction time and working memory between high-high and high-low groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Maintaining high CRF over 3 years was positively related to reaction time and working memory in relation to adolescents that decreased their levels of CRF.</p>","PeriodicalId":49712,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":"232-238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9806976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lea Barbetta Pereira da Silva, Gilmar Mercês de Jesus, José de Bessa Junior, Valter Abrantes Pereira da Silva, Ivanilde Guedes de Mattos, Coretta Melissa Jenerette, Evanilda Souza de Santana Carvalho
{"title":"Exercise Capacity and Biomarkers Among Children and Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease.","authors":"Lea Barbetta Pereira da Silva, Gilmar Mercês de Jesus, José de Bessa Junior, Valter Abrantes Pereira da Silva, Ivanilde Guedes de Mattos, Coretta Melissa Jenerette, Evanilda Souza de Santana Carvalho","doi":"10.1123/pes.2021-0188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2021-0188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sickle cell disease is the most common genetic hemoglobinopathy globally and systemically affects body functioning, decreasing exercise capacity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess exercise capacity through the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and biomarkers in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Cross-sectional study involving 20 children and adolescents from Brazil. Demographic and socioeconomic data were obtained. Baseline measurements included biomarkers (red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells, platelets, reticulocytes, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and fetal hemoglobin). The following data were obtained before, during, and after the 6MWT: heart rate, blood pressure, and peripheral oxygen saturation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen children and adolescents ages 5-14 years old were analyzed, 61.1% boys, 100% black or brown, and 61.1% in primary education, with low household income. The average distance walked in 6MWT was 463.8 (137.7) m, significantly less than the predicted value (P < .001). The distance of 6MWT was associated positively with age (P = .042) and inversely with reticulocyte count (P = .42) and interleukin 6 (P = .00). Age modified the effect of interleukin 6 in younger children (P = .038).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest increased baseline levels of biomarkers of hemolysis and inflammation impact on 6MWT performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":49712,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Exercise Science","volume":"35 2","pages":"84-91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9394018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jill Thein-Nissenbaum, Deena M Weiss, Stephanie A Kliethermes, Tamara A Scerpella
{"title":"Adolescent Bone Advantages 3 Years After Resistance Training Trial.","authors":"Jill Thein-Nissenbaum, Deena M Weiss, Stephanie A Kliethermes, Tamara A Scerpella","doi":"10.1123/pes.2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We assessed maintenance of skeletal advantages 3 years after completion of a 2-year, school-based, controlled exercise trial in adolescent girls.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Middle-school girls participated in a resistance training program embedded in physical education classes. Effort groups (low-effort group [LO] and high-effort group [HI]) were identified; the control group (CON) participated in standard physical education at a separate school. Baseline and follow-up (FU) assessments at 6, 18, and 54 (FU3) months included densitometry, anthropometry, and questionnaires assessing physical maturity and nonintervention organized physical activity. Linear mixed effects models were fit to evaluate bone outcomes across all FU time points for CON versus LO/HI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-eight girls (23 CON/25 HI/20 LO) were 11.6 (0.3) years at baseline. Bone parameters did not differ at baseline, except femoral neck bone mineral density (LO < HI/CON, P < .05). Forty-seven participants provided FU3 assessment: 17 CON/16 HI/14 LO. After adjusting for height, gynecologic age, baseline bone, and organized physical activity, bone gains across all time points were greater for HI versus CON for legs bone mineral content, femoral neck bone mineral content/bone mineral density, and third lumbar vertebra bone mineral content/bone mineral density (P ≤ .05). At FU3, bone values were greater for HI versus CON at subhead, legs, femoral neck, and third lumbar vertebra (P < .03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adolescent girls who exerted high effort in a school-based resistance training program demonstrated significant skeletal benefits 3 years after program completion.</p>","PeriodicalId":49712,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Exercise Science","volume":"35 2","pages":"61-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9401496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}