Physical Therapy in Sport最新文献

{"title":"Differences in calf-raise exercise and short-foot exercise on feedforward and feedback activation in healthy young","authors":"Jinyuan Guo ,&nbsp;Yujia Li ,&nbsp;Qiuchen Huang ,&nbsp;Xueqin Rong ,&nbsp;Pengcui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To compare the effects of short-foot exercise (SFE) and calf-raise exercise (CRE) on feedforward and feedback mechanisms of dynamic postural control in healthy young adults.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Randomized controlled trial with assessments pre-training (PRE), immediately post-training (POST1), and after 4 weeks (POST2). Participants performed SFE or CRE (3 × 15 reps, 3–4 times/week for 4 weeks).</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Laboratory-based balance assessment using instrumented posturography.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>50 healthy adults (23.9 ± 1.92 years; 23 males) randomly assigned to SFE or CRE groups; 46 completed the study.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Sit-to-stand test (Weight Transfer, Rising Index, Sway Velocity), Reaction Time test (Pre-motor Time, Motor Time), Adaptation Test (toes-up and toes-down balance scores).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both groups showed improved postural stability: reduced Sway Velocity (p &lt; 0.05), shorter Pre-motor and Motor Times (p &lt; 0.05), and better Adaptation Test scores (p &lt; 0.05). SFE led to greater long-term improvement in Rising Index (p &lt; 0.05) and toes-up adaptation, indicating enhanced feedforward control and center of gravity transfer.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Both exercises improve dynamic balance, but SFE offers superior long-term benefits in feedforward control and stability against sagittal plane perturbations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 104-112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145835955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updating the 300 standards of the International Sports Physiotherapy Competencies and Standards from 11 countries in 2005 to 38 countries in 2025: An international Delphi study","authors":"Bruno Tassignon ,&nbsp;Emilie Dick ,&nbsp;Jo Verschueren ,&nbsp;Elke Lathouwers ,&nbsp;Carlo Ramponi ,&nbsp;Maria Constantinou ,&nbsp;Mati Arend ,&nbsp;Laura Lepasalu ,&nbsp;Armi Hirvonen ,&nbsp;Sanna Sihvonen ,&nbsp;Sanna Paasu-Hynynen ,&nbsp;Eleni Kapreli ,&nbsp;Aristi Tsokani ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Strimpakos ,&nbsp;Luciana De Michelis Mendonça","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To update the 300 standards of the International Sports Physiotherapy Competencies and Standards document.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A three-round Delphi study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Online international survey.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Sports physiotherapists (SPTs) with a national registration/licensure recognised by their national SPT member organisation, at least 5 years of professional experience in SPT and/or equivalent teaching or research experience, and direct involvement with athletes in treatment, prevention or research contexts.</div></div><div><h3>Maint outcome measures</h3><div>Participants rated each of the original 300 standards on a three-point scale (Agree, Disagree, Unsure). Consensus was defined a priori as ≥80 % agreement.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 197 SPTs representing 46 countries were invited; 143 participants from 38 countries completed Round 1 (72.6 % response rate), and 101 completed all three rounds (70.6 % of Round 1 participants). After three rounds, 296 (98.7 %) standards reached a consensus. Four standards did not reach a consensus; all pertained to the <em>Professionalism and Management</em> competency, specifically aspects of financial and organisational management (Behaviour 1, item 2; foundational knowledge standards 7A:3 and 7A:5; and action/intervention standard 7E:2).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This Delphi study updated the 300 standards from the International Sports Physiotherapy Competencies and Standards with contributions from 11 countries in 2005 to 38 countries in 2025. Consensus on 296 of 300 standards affirms their continued global relevance. The four standards lacking consensus, all related to managerial roles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 62-69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145746557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strength recovery trajectories in young adults with and without generalized joint hypermobility during the first two years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a registry study","authors":"Jakob Lindskog ,&nbsp;Behnam Liaghat ,&nbsp;Rebecca Hamrin Senorski ,&nbsp;Kristian Samuelsson ,&nbsp;Roland Thomeé ,&nbsp;Eric Hamrin Senorski","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Compare muscle strength and hop performance trajectories between patients with and without generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) during the first two years after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective study using prospective registry data.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Rehabilitation-specific registry.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>1223 patients (23.8 % GJH; mean age 22.5 ± 5.2 years; 52 % female) underwent hamstring tendon (HT) or bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) autograft ACL reconstruction.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Quadriceps and hamstring strength limb symmetry index (LSI) and body weight-normalized strength, and vertical-, distance-, and 30-s side hop LSI at 10 weeks, 4, 8, 12, 18 months, and 2 years were analyzed. Linear mixed-effects models, adjusted for age and sex, compared trajectories stratified by autograft.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No differences in strength or hop performance trajectories were observed between groups. At 2 years, quadriceps and hamstrings LSIs were comparable (HT: quadriceps 99–100 %, hamstrings 99 %; BPTB: quadriceps 94–99 %, hamstrings 103–104 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There was no difference in muscle strength recovery trajectories, evaluated as LSI and body weight-normalized strength for the quadriceps and hamstrings muscles, or in the vertical hop, hop for distance, and 30-s side hop test LSIs between patients with and without GJH during the first two years after ACL reconstruction, regardless of whether HT or BPTB was used.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 54-61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145624397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a graded pelvic loading pathway using external pelvic acceleration variables to aid return to running postpartum","authors":"Megan L. James ,&nbsp;Victoria H. Stiles ,&nbsp;Lynne Evans ,&nbsp;Diane M. Crone ,&nbsp;Gráinne M. Donnelly ,&nbsp;Isabel S. Moore","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess the basis for developing a graded loading pathway that is specific to the pelvis, to aid return to running postpartum.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Seventeen runners (28.4 ± 7.0 years, 63.7 ± 9.2 kg, 1.63 ± 0.06 m) completed five treadmill running conditions and eight overground activities.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Repeated measures ANOVA/Friedman tests assessed differences in pelvic acceleration variables between treadmill running conditions. Correlations assessed relationships between pelvic acceleration, kinetic variables and ratings of perceived pelvic impact. Activities were ranked according to pelvic acceleration variables. Means±SDs and medians (IQR) were calculated as appropriate.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Grounded running had lower peak pelvic acceleration (2.8 ± 0.5 g), average (18.5(14.2–26.5) gs⁻¹) and instantaneous (32.2(25.3–44.5) gs⁻¹) jerk and area under acceleration curve (0.58(0.56–0.62 gs) compared to habitual running per step. However, per kilometre, grounded running was not always lower. Relationships between variables differed across activities. A graded pelvic loading pathway was presented, spanning from walking to double leg high hopping.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A graded pelvic loading pathway was developed that could be further refined to aid postpartum return to running. Grounded running demonstrated lower pelvic acceleration loading than habitual running and may provide a suitable transition prior to returning to running. Localised variables may be needed to adequately inform pelvic activity progressions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 44-53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145624486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of concurrent auditory, tactile, and visual cueing and estimated cadence increases on Achilles tendon loading in running","authors":"Grace Rudek ,&nbsp;Emma Heinert ,&nbsp;C. Nathan Vannatta ,&nbsp;Drew Rutherford ,&nbsp;Thomas W. Kernozek","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>If self-estimated cadence increases or real-time cueing using auditory, tactile, and visual cues increases cadence and reduces Achilles tendon (AT) loading in runners.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Controlled laboratory.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>35 recreational runners (age: 22.4 ± 1.9 years, mass: 74.5 ± 12.0 kg, height: 1.76 ± 0.09 m)</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Cadence was measured at preferred running cadence (baseline), self-estimated 10 % cadence increase, and 10 % increased real-time cadence cues, on an instrumented treadmill where kinematics and kinetics were obtained. Inverse dynamics and static optimization were applied to a 16-segment musculoskeletal model for kinematics and kinetics related to AT loading.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Cueing methods increased cadence from the baseline run (4.9 %–9.6 %) (p &lt; 0.05). Foot inclination angle was unchanged (p &gt; 0.05). Auditory cueing and visual cueing increased cadence to reduce AT Force by 10.9 % and 7.7 %, respectively. Step time and peak soleus force decreased for all conditions (p &lt; 0.05). Peak ground reaction force decreased with visual cues (p &lt; 0.05). Gastrocnemius force was unchanged.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Auditory and visual cues effectively influenced cadence, altering AT loading. Runners responded to auditory and visual cuing. Clinicians may consider these strategies when targeting cadence manipulation in runners with AT injuries in treadmill running.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 14-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145515325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical assessments are valid to grade ligament injury severity compared to ultrasound imaging in patients with acute lateral ankle sprains: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Jente Wagemans ,&nbsp;Chris Bleakley ,&nbsp;Heiner Baur ,&nbsp;Ron Clijsen ,&nbsp;Ahmed Amine El Oumri ,&nbsp;Jan Taeymans ,&nbsp;Kevin Kuppens ,&nbsp;Dirk Vissers","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine accuracy of clinical examination in grading ankle ligament sprain severity, using ultrasound (US) imaging as the reference standard.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Rehabilitation centre.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Sixty-eight athletes with an acute lateral ankle sprain (LAS) (&lt;15 days).</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>We performed clinical examinations to grade injury severity: anterior drawer test (ADT), talar tilt test (TTT), palpation and bruising, and patient's perception. Ultrasound imaging (US) was subsequently undertaken as reference standard. We also evaluated combinations of stress tests with palpation and bruising using a believe the negative (BTN) or positive (BTP) approach. We used Cohen's Kappa and Weighted Kappa to analyse agreement between clinical and US grading.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ADT and TTT demonstrated moderate agreement with US for grading ATFL (ĸ = 0.547) and CFL injuries (ĸ = 0.507), and Palpation &amp; bruising to grade CFL injury (ĸ = 0.529). Clustering TTT with palpation &amp; bruising increased agreement with BTN approach (ĸ = 0.609). Patients’ perception showed slight agreement (ĸ = 0.037) with US.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Manual stress tests demonstrate moderate utility for grading grade ATFL and CFL injury severity; combining these tests with palpation (BTN approach) yields higher agreement. US can support more precise grading and should be implemented to enhance ligament injury severity grading after LAS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 95-103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145835934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical predictors of ACL reinjury after reconstruction: Insights from a Brazilian cohort","authors":"Andrea Forgas Sallum ,&nbsp;Rene Jorge Abdalla ,&nbsp;Rogério Teixeira de Carvalho ,&nbsp;Carlos Eduardo Franciozi","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate predictors of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reinjury in a cohort of 234 patients who underwent isolated ACL reconstruction.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective cohort study with prospective follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Medical records of 1155 patients were screened. Patients were followed up via phone interviews and evaluated with functional scales and clinical data.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>234 patients with isolated, primary ACL injuries. Data collected included demographics, graft type, isokinetic strength deficits, dynamic knee valgus tests, and follow-up duration.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>ACL reinjury (ipsilateral graft rupture or contralateral), confirmed through medical documentation. Functional outcomes assessed with Tegner and Lysholm scores.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Reinjury was observed in 27 patients (contralateral), 29 (ipsilateral), and 7 (bilateral). Age at primary injury was the only significant predictor of reinjury (OR = 0.97, <em>p</em> = 0.028). Muscle strength deficits and dynamic valgus were not associated with reinjury risk. Patients with &gt;5 years of follow-up had significantly lower Tegner scores (<em>p</em> = 0.039), though Lysholm scores showed no significant difference.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Younger age is a significant predictor of ACL reinjury. Functional scores decline over time, likely due to aging rather than graft failure. These results highlight the importance of long-term follow-up, particularly in younger patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 8-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145515321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic value of the lower leg muscle stiffness in professional skiers with medial tibial stress syndrome: A retrospective shear wave elastography study","authors":"Esedullah Akaras ,&nbsp;Buket Sevindik Aktas ,&nbsp;Bahar Yilmaz Cankaya ,&nbsp;Bilgehan Oztop ,&nbsp;Hasan Abbasguliyev ,&nbsp;Necip Fazil Kishali ,&nbsp;Gokhan Yagiz","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to assess the diagnostic value of tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius muscle elasticity using shear wave elastography (SWE) in professional skiers diagnosed with medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective case-control study involved 16 professional male skiers diagnosed with medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) and 20 healthy skiers. Shear wave elastography (SWE) assessed the stiffness of the TA and gastrocnemius muscles bilaterally. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and logistic regression evaluated the diagnostic utility. Reliability was appraised using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Affected side TA stiffness was significantly higher in the MTSS group (p = 0.019, Cohen's d = 0.87). The ROC analysis revealed that TA stiffness is the most effective indicator for diagnosing MTSS (AUC = 0.72), followed by the gastrocnemius medialis at 0.60 and lateralis at 0.54. Compared to TA elasticity (AUC = 0.72), the gastrocnemius muscles do not significantly serve as biomarkers for MTSS diagnosis. Logistic regression confirmed affected side TA stiffness as a significant predictor for MTSS (p = 0.033, OR = 1.12).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>SWE-derived TA stiffness demonstrated preliminary discriminative ability for MTSS in elite skiers. SWE can improve objective musculoskeletal assessment and injury screening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145479142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spanish adaptation of the cutting movement assessment score (CMAS): Agreement and inter-rater reliability among Spanish-speaking football practitioners","authors":"Aaron Miralles-Iborra ,&nbsp;Javier De Los Ríos-Calonge ,&nbsp;Juan Del Coso ,&nbsp;Francisco J. Vera-García ,&nbsp;Jose L.L. Elvira ,&nbsp;Thomas Dos'Santos ,&nbsp;Fábio Yuzo Nakamura ,&nbsp;Víctor Moreno-Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Cutting Movement Assessment Score (CMAS) screening tool, and to preliminarily explore its reliability among Spanish-speaking football practitioners.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Translation and cross-cultural adaptation (phase 1) and cross-sectional reliability study (phase 2).</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Following international guidelines, three sports injury experts produced an initial Spanish adaptation of CMAS (CMAS-Sp). This version was then back-translated into English, and the translations were compared to produce a final version CMAS-Sp.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Twenty-one sports practitioners, including 11 novices (&lt;1 year of experience) and 10 experts (&gt;5 years of experience), assessed four 90° cutting actions with the CMAS-Sp.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Factor analysis, internal consistency, inter-rater reliability and agreement.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Factor analysis suggested a single factor explaining 52.3 % of the variance. Internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's <em>α</em> = 0.70; McDonald's <em>ω</em> = 0.79). Reliability of the total score was excellent (ICC (2, k) [95 % CI] = 0.94, [0.82, 1.00]). Item-level percentage agreement ranged from 55 % to 89 % with <em>Gwet's AC1</em> values ranging from moderate-to-almost perfect.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The CMAS-Sp demonstrated acceptable agreement and good reliability for assessing cutting mechanics in Spanish-speaking practitioners, showing promise as an accessible screening tool pending further validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"76 ","pages":"Pages 27-36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of an exercise program on calf muscle characteristics in patients with Achilles tendinopathy","authors":"Merve Karapınar ,&nbsp;Hayley Powell Smitheman ,&nbsp;Stephanie Grace Cone ,&nbsp;Karin Grävare Silbernagel","doi":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Objective in participants with Achilles tendinopathy. Additionally, it explored the relationships between muscle adaptations and functional outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Prospective observational study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>Laboratory-based assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Thirty-five participants with Achilles tendinopathy completed a 16-week exercise program.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>Muscle EI of the medial (MG) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and soleus (SOL) was assessed using ImageJ. B-mode ultrasound was used to measure MG_CSA, LG_CSA, and SOL thickness at baseline and post-intervention. Functional outcomes included single-leg countermovement jump (CMJ), drop CMJ, and heel-rise (HR) endurance tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>MG_EI and LG_EI significantly decreased on both symptomatic sides (p &lt; 0.05, d = 0.5–0.8). MG_CSA and LG_CSA increased (p &lt; 0.05, d = 0.3), while SOL_EI and SOL thickness did not change (p &gt; 0.05). Heel-rise work improved (p &lt; 0.05, d = 0.4), but jump heights did not. Regression analysis showed that age, BMI, and muscle changes did not predict improvements in HR work (Adjusted R² = 0.11, p &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The exercise program reduced muscle EI and increased hypertrophy but did not significantly improve calf endurance. Further research should explore how muscle adaptations affect function in Achilles tendinopathy rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Therapy in Sport","volume":"76 ","pages":"Pages 127-133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145254205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}