Phytoprotection最新文献

{"title":"Histoire de la nématologie au Québec : ce n’est qu’un début!","authors":"G. Bélair","doi":"10.7202/038237AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/038237AR","url":null,"abstract":"Au cours des 100 ans de la Societe de protection des plantes du Quebec, la nematologie a evolue au meme rythme dans notre belle province que dans les autres pays developpes du monde. A la suite des premieres observations de pertes majeures au champ effectuees dans les annees 1940-1950, des enquetes nematologiques a l’echelle provinciale ont ete realisees afin de definir les problematiques. Dans les annees 1960, 70 et 80, des essais d’efficacite de nematicides ont ete effectues par les compagnies de pesticides et le gouvernement federal. Dans les annees 1980, on assiste a l’emergence des programmes de lutte integree, du depistage des ravageurs et de la recherche de moyens de lutte de remplacement (rotation, date de semis, tolerances, etc.) dans le but de reduire la dependance aux nematicides. La lutte integree passe par des connaissances sur la distribution spatiale des nematodes et le developpement d’outils de depistage rapide requis et adoptes par les reseaux de depistage (scouting), un secteur qui demeure encore innovateur jusqu’a aujourd’hui en Amerique du Nord et en Europe. La decouverte recente du nematode dore Globodera rostochiensis, un nematode de quarantaine au Canada, a plonge rapidement la nematologie dans le XXIe siecle avec l’utilisation des techniques d’identification a l’aide d’outils biomoleculaires, la mise en place d’un programme d’amelioration genetique avec marqueurs specifiques pour identifier les genes dominants de resistance ainsi que la mise au point de techniques PCR en temps reel pour quantifier le nombre d’oeufs viables dans le sol.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"1 1","pages":"99-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76048337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La Société de protection des plantes du Québec, 1908-2008","authors":"Léon-M. Tartier, Valérie Gravel, C. Martínez, Russell J. Tweddell","doi":"10.7202/038240AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/038240AR","url":null,"abstract":"A l’aide de documents ecrits et d’archives, l’histoire de la Societe de protection des plantes du Quebec (SPPQ) est retracee tout au cours de son existence. Son but et ses objectifs sont decrits ainsi que les moyens employes pour proteger les plantes et lutter contre leurs ennemis. Au cours de son existence, la SPPQ a contribue, par ses congres annuels et directement par ses membres, a faire avancer la lutte aux ennemis des cultures. Ses publications ont aussi mene au developpement d’outils qui ont aide a mieux connaitre et a identifier les insectes, les maladies et les mauvaises herbes qui affectent les cultures et les forets.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"34 1","pages":"113-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84080927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coup d’oeil sur 100 ans de lutte aux mauvaises herbes au Québec","authors":"Gilles Émond, Daniel Bernier","doi":"10.7202/038238AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/038238AR","url":null,"abstract":"A l’occasion du centenaire de la SPPQ, nous jetons un bref coup d’oeil sur la lutte aux mauvaises herbes au cours du siecle dernier. En relatant des moments historiques de la malherbologie au Quebec, nous regardons de quelle maniere les preoccupations, les problemes et surtout les solutions ont traverse le temps. Les structures, les organisations et les acteurs ont change. La sante humaine, l’environnement et l’agriculture durable sont devenus incontournables et indissociables. De nouvelles avenues sont developpees, tels que les OGM, qui s’averent revolutionnaires comparativement aux methodes conventionnelles. En 2008, malgre toutes les techniques et moyens mis a notre disposition, la lutte aux mauvaises herbes demeure une priorite dans la gestion des cultures. Les producteurs et productrices agricoles ont encore et de plus en plus besoin des connaissances issues de la recherche et de l’innovation en malherbologie.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"1 1","pages":"103-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88624207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraits de l’évolution de l’entomologie appliquée au Québec : emphase sur la phytoprotection","authors":"Conrad Cloutier, J. Perron, C. Jean","doi":"10.7202/038236AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/038236AR","url":null,"abstract":"Le developpement de l’entomologie au Quebec comme science naturelle a commence avec des naturalistes erudits comme William Couper, Leon Provancher et Henry Lyman qui ont observe abondamment et decrit l’entomofaune du Quebec, fonde des societes professionnelles et redige les premiers ouvrages scientifiques sur les insectes du Quebec. Au debut du XXe siecle, l’importance economique des plantes agricoles et des essences de coupes forestieres a atteint un niveau favorisant la naissance de l’entomologie appliquee. Son developpement initial est marque par la fondation de la SPPQ, la creation du premier programme d’etudes superieures en entomologie, ainsi que le recrutement d’entomologistes professionnels dans les institutions publiques de protection des plantes contre les ravageurs. Les entomologistes en chef James Fletcher au gouvernement federal et Victor Huard au gouvernement provincial, ainsi que les professeurs William Lochhead du College Macdonald et Georges Maheux de l’Ecole forestiere de l’Universite Laval, sont des figures remarquables de cette epoque. Les entomologistes publient abondamment sur le cycle de vie des insectes nuisibles, sur les dommages causes et sur les moyens de lutte efficaces avec des insecticides encore primitifs et dangereux. Pendant plusieurs decennies, Ernest-Melville DuPorte se trouve au College Macdonald au centre des etudes superieures et de la recherche en entomologie au Quebec. Apres la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la demande en denrees alimentaires et en fibre ligneuse croit a un rythme sans precedent, de meme que la lutte aux ravageurs, a l’ere nouvelle des produits chimiques de synthese, notamment des insecticides comme le DDT. En agriculture, les entomologistes actifs en phytoprotection se regroupent au laboratoire de recherche de Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu et au Service de la protection des cultures du MAPAQ, ainsi que dans leurs stations de recherche de terrain. La recherche en entomologie forestiere se developpe a Quebec autour du laboratoire federal des Laurentides et a la Faculte d’arpentage et de genie forestier (aujourd’hui la Faculte de foresterie, de geographie et de geomatique) de l’Universite Laval. Sous la pression de l’industrie forestiere, les arrosages aeriens aux insecticides deviennent systematiques et sont surtout regis par l’abondance cyclique de la tordeuse des bourgeons de l’epinette. A la fin des annees 1960, l’entomologie appliquee prend lentement un virage ecologique, ouvert au controle naturel des ravageurs et aux idees de la resistance des plantes et de la stimulation de l’impact des agents biologiques de repression. La recherche et la formation aux etudes superieures en entomologie connaissent un essor marque dans les centres universitaires etablis et nouvellement crees. La fin du XXe siecle est marquee par l’arrivee des plantes transgeniques resistantes aux ravageurs et les consequences previsibles du rechauffement climatique sur l’abondance et la diversite des ravageurs. L’entomologie comm","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"89 1","pages":"79-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83851898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Une page d’histoire sur la lutte physique et culturale aux mauvaises herbes au Québec","authors":"M. L. Leblanc","doi":"10.7202/038239AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/038239AR","url":null,"abstract":"A la fin des annees 1980 et au debut des annees 1990, une prise de conscience de l’impact negatif des herbicides sur l’environnement et la sante humaine, une augmentation de leur cout et la baisse de disponibilite et de choix de ceux-ci forcent les agriculteurs a se tourner vers d’autres moyens de lutte aux mauvaises herbes. C’est a cette periode que la lutte physique et culturale aux mauvaises herbes commence a prendre de l’ampleur au Quebec. Les paliers gouvernementaux et les organismes de transfert et de recherche participent activement a son developpement. Differents types de sarcleurs et de pyrodesherbeurs font leur apparition au Quebec. Les paillis et les methodes culturales telles que les cultures intercalaires, les engrais verts et les cultures de couverture font aussi l’objet de plusieurs etudes qui portent sur leur potentiel a reprimer les mauvaises herbes. Le defi de la lutte physique demeure le desherbage du rang qui requiert plus de precision. Le developpement de nouvelles methodes substitutives aux herbicides se poursuit aujourd’hui et ne semble pas vouloir s’estomper puisque le souci de la sante et de l’environnement demeure une priorite pour la population.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"76 1","pages":"107-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86652676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different salts on the development of Fusarium solani var. coeruleum, a causal agent of potato dry rot","authors":"M. Mecteau, J. Arul, R. Tweddell","doi":"10.7202/000377AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/000377AR","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate the effect of different salts on the in vitro development of Fusarium solani var. coeruleum, and (2) to evaluate the efficacy of the salts for reducing dry rot severity caused by the pathogen in potato tubers. The study showed that several salts significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of F. solani var. coeruleum. Aluminium acetate, aluminium chloride, sodium benzoate, sodium metabisulfite, potassium sorbate and trisodium phosphate completely inhibited mycelial growth. Exposure of F. solani var. coeruleum conidia to aluminium acetate, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, sodium metabisulfite or trisodium phosphate at 0.2 M resulted in 100% mortality of the conidia after 1 h while aluminium chloride and aluminium lactate caused 100% mortality after an exposure of 24 h. In order to evaluate the effect of salts on potato dry rot development, F. solani var. coeruleum-inoculated tubers were treated with the different salts and disease severity was evaluated following an incubation period of 7 d. Among the test salts, only aluminium chloride caused a significant reduction in potato dry rot compared with the control. The study points out the possibility of using aluminium chloride to control potato dry rot.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90426537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei) resistance genes in Turkish barley varieties","authors":"A. Zeybek, Ş. Dere, G. Gök, Asude Çallak, M. Akkaya","doi":"10.7202/000380AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/000380AR","url":null,"abstract":"Thirty-four Turkish barley (Hordeum vulgare) varieties were tested for the presence of resistance genes (R-genes) to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei) using the “leaf segment test” with nine isolates of the fungus. The most commonly found R-gene was Mla8, while a combination of R-genes Mlg and Ml(CP) was found in three varieties (Tokak 157/37, Beysehir 98, Konevei 98). The gene Mlh was found in four varieties (Obruk 86, Anadolu 86, Cildir 02, Ozdemir 05), while no R-gene was found in three varieties (Hamidiye 85, Yesevi 93, Bulbul 89). No clear inferences could be made for the partly-resistant varieties Gemici 7243, Yea 793.12 and Akhisar 98 using the test isolates selected, which suggests the presence of still unidentified R-genes. Overall, 10 previously characterized R-genes for powdery mildew (Mla8, Ml(La), Mlg, Ml(CP), Mlh, Mlat, Mla1, Mlh, Mla7, Mlra) were present in Turkish barley varieties, along with some other(s) still to be identified.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"2013 1","pages":"31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73446180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of the Pacific Coast wireworm, Limonius canus, and the dusky wireworm, Agriotes obscurus (Coleoptera: Elateridae), to insecticide-treated wheat seeds in a soil bioassay","authors":"W. V. Herk, R. Vernon, C. Moffat, Chantelle Harding","doi":"10.7202/000378AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/000378AR","url":null,"abstract":"Larvae of the dusky wireworm, Agriotes obscurus, and the Pacific Coast wireworm, Limonius canus, were exposed to germinated, insecticide-treated wheat seeds in a soil-filled bioassay in 2005 and 2006. Position in the bioassay and contact and/or repellence behaviour towards the seeds were recorded every 5 min for 3 or 5 h. Wireworm health was recorded for 70 or 126 d after exposure. Seeds were treated with the fungicides Dividend XLRTA (difenoconazole, mefenoxam) or Raxil MD (tebuconazole, metalaxyl), and/or the insecticides Vitavax Dual (lindane), Poncho 600F (clothianidin), Cruiser 350FS (thiamethoxam), Admire 240FS (imidacloprid), Gaucho 480FL (imidacloprid), Tefluthrin 20CS (tefluthrin), or Tefluthrin-Cruiser combinations. Most wireworms (> 80%) came into contact with the seeds in all treatments. Wireworms generally remained in contact throughout the observation period in the control treatments (Dividend, Raxil, untreated seeds). Unless moribund, wireworms were repelled after brief (< 20 min) contact in all Tefluthrin treatments. Most wireworms recovered from contact-induced morbidity within 21 d and did not relapse, except L. canus exposed to Cruiser and some A. obscurus exposed to Gaucho and Admire. Wireworm mortality was low (< 50%) in all treatments except L. canus exposed to Cruiser at 15 and 30 g a.i. 100 kg-1 seed (60 and 75%, respectively). Mortality was significantly less important when L. canus larvae were exposed to Tefluthrin-Cruiser combinations than when exposed to Cruiser alone. We suggest that efficacy assessments of insecticides for wireworm control require direct observation of their behaviour and long-term post-exposure health assessments, and discuss the impact of repellence and/or morbidity elicited by insecticides on wireworm control in the field.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"1 1","pages":"7-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91113774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytoremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils with emphasis on the effect of petroleum hydrocarbons on the growth of plant species","authors":"R. Shirdam, A. Zand, G. Bidhendi, N. Mehrdadi","doi":"10.7202/000379AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/000379AR","url":null,"abstract":"To date, many developing countries such as Iran have almost completely abandoned the idea of decontaminating oil-polluted soils due to the high costs of conventional (physical/chemical) soil remediation methods. Phytoremediation is an emerging green technology that can become a promising solution to the problem of decontaminating hydrocarbon-polluted soils. Screening the capacity of native tolerant plant species to grow on aged, petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils is a key factor for successful phytoremediation. This study investigated the effect of hydrocarbon pollution with an initial concentration of 40 000 ppm on growth characteristics of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and common flax (Linum usitatissumum). At the end of the experiment, soil samples in which plant species had grown well were analyzed for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) removal by GC-FID. Common flax was used for the first time in the history of phytoremediation of oil-contaminated soil. Both species showed promising remediation efficiency in highly contaminated soil; however, petroleum hydrocarbon contamination reduced the growth of the surveyed plants significantly. Sorghum and common flax reduced TPHs concentration by 9500 and 18500 mg kg‑1, respectively, compared with the control treatment.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"10 3","pages":"21-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72595730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans) on annual bluegrass (Poa annua)","authors":"G. Bélair, L. Simard","doi":"10.7202/000381AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/000381AR","url":null,"abstract":"This study was undertaken to assess the effect of various population densities of the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans) on the growth of annual bluegrass (Poa annua) under controlled conditions. In two separate experiments, the nematodes were inoculated at concentrations of 100, 500, 1000 or 5000 nematodes 100 cm‑3 soil per pot or per tube. Nine wk post-inoculation, root P. penetrans populations had increased linearly with initial nematode concentrations in both experiments. Growth and quality of turfgrass were uniform for all treatments, with no significant difference from the control. Under the current experimental conditions, P. annua was shown to be a tolerant host plant to P. penetrans.","PeriodicalId":49693,"journal":{"name":"Phytoprotection","volume":"118 1","pages":"37-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77406545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}