Polar Record最新文献_第9页

Science diplomacy in the Arctic: Contributions of the USGS to policy discourse and impact on governance 北极的科学外交:美国地质调查局对政策话语的贡献及其对治理的影响

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Polar Record Pub Date : 2022-06-09 DOI: 10.1017/S0032247422000134

Corine Wood-Donnelly, M. Bartels

引用次数: 6

Industry, War and Stalin’s Battle for Resources; The Arctic and the Environment, Lars Rowe , (2021) London: I. B. Tauris, 240 pp. Pbk $39.95, Hdbk $120, Ebook 35.95 ISBN: 978-1-78453-7951 (Hdbk). 工业、战争与斯大林的资源争夺战《北极与环境》，Lars Rowe，(2021)伦敦:i.b. Tauris出版社，240页。Pbk $39.95, Hdbk $120，电子书35.95 ISBN: 978-1-78453-7951 (Hdbk)。

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Polar Record Pub Date : 2022-06-09 DOI: 10.1017/s0032247422000171

T. Kenderdine

{"title":"Industry, War and Stalin’s Battle for Resources; The Arctic and the Environment, Lars Rowe , (2021) London: I. B. Tauris, 240 pp. Pbk $39.95, Hdbk $120, Ebook 35.95 ISBN: 978-1-78453-7951 (Hdbk).","authors":"T. Kenderdine","doi":"10.1017/s0032247422000171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0032247422000171","url":null,"abstract":"This is a study about nickel and the political geography of the extractive commodities industry in the High North. Through the acute of the nickel industry in Pechenga/Petsamo Nikel/Kolosjoki Lowe explores a series of competing political geographies which defined the legitimacy of an Arctic space of ocean, mountain, tundra and of substrate space of nickel ore, of the built geographies of industrial node and network – of mine, refinery, production complex. Lowe explores overlapping claims of legitimacy on localised spaces and connects the extractive industry and political manoeuvring to international capital and the operating theatre of the global nickel mar-ket in the networked sense. The book explores an interesting series of inversions, a Finland geography granted but then coveted by Russia, a Canadian capital investment in a state then hostile to Allied powers, an opening to the ocean for Finland now closed. Each chapter opens and closes doors such that the essentially empty, constant geography of the Petsamo valley becomes a revolving door of inverted state, capital and material interests, constantly changing orientation and outcome while remaining anchored to the most immobile of human geographies, the mining of ore. The prospect historically of Liinakhamari ice-free port giving Finland a genuine naval, maritime, mercantile access to the Arctic Ocean is the maritime geography underpinning all inland operations. This dependence opens a series of overlapping interests making this a section of the Arctic cartography which is wholly satisfying to no one state. Rowe navigates this complex geography of a northern circle mountain port betwixt contemporary Norway, Finland and Russia. Lowe explores a geographic utilitarianism of industry in the Arctic through Finnish exploration, Canadian investment, German appropriation and finally forced development under Stalinist Russia. Petsamo then conforms to that Soviet production trope of foreign","PeriodicalId":49685,"journal":{"name":"Polar Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46431972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR): Showcases for making science diplomacy 大气与地球系统研究所（INAR）：进行科学外交的案例

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Polar Record Pub Date : 2022-06-06 DOI: 10.1017/S0032247421000760

H. Lappalainen, T. Petäjä, A. Lintunen, M. Kulmala

{"title":"Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR): Showcases for making science diplomacy","authors":"H. Lappalainen, T. Petäjä, A. Lintunen, M. Kulmala","doi":"10.1017/S0032247421000760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247421000760","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Science diplomacy can be defined as “the use of scientific collaborations between countries to address joint problems and to build constructive international partnerships for delivering effective scientific advice for policy making”. During the last 10 years, the Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) has been active in finding ways to solve global Grand Challenges, particularly climate change and poor air quality in polluted megacities, and at the same time, better bridge research to international climate policy and science diplomacy processes. INAR has introduced Pan-Eurasian Experiment programme running since the year 2012 (www.atm.helsinki.fi/peex) to better address the scientific challenge to understand Atmosphere – Earth Surface – Biosphere interactions and feedbacks in the Northern Eurasian context. INAR has also launched a measurement concept called the Global Network of Stations Measuring Earth Surface and Atmosphere Interactions (GlobalSMEAR) and has hosted the European Centre of the International Eurasian Academy of Sciences since 2015. Most recently, INAR has coordinated the Arena for the gap analysis of the existing Arctic Science Co-Operations (AASCO), 2020–2021, to promote research with a holistic and integrated approach in understanding feedbacks and interactions globally and locally at the Arctic and outside the Arctic environments.","PeriodicalId":49685,"journal":{"name":"Polar Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47223385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Inter-academic cooperation in the Arctic during the 1898–1901 Swedish–Russian Arc-of-Meridian expedition: Based on materials from the Russian Academy of Sciences Archives 1898-1901年瑞典-俄罗斯子午线考察期间在北极的学术合作:基于俄罗斯科学院档案资料

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Polar Record Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.1017/S0032247422000146

O. Shabalina, K. Kazakova

{"title":"Inter-academic cooperation in the Arctic during the 1898–1901 Swedish–Russian Arc-of-Meridian expedition: Based on materials from the Russian Academy of Sciences Archives","authors":"O. Shabalina, K. Kazakova","doi":"10.1017/S0032247422000146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247422000146","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article analyses the experience of international scientific cooperation in the Arctic in organising and conducting an academic Swedish–Russian Arc-of-Meridian expedition to the Spitsbergen archipelago in 1898–1901. This was one of the largest projects of its kind in history. The military and naval government agencies of the two countries were extremely interested in measuring the meridian arc near the Geographic North Pole. The fulfilment of this task made it possible to more accurately determine the shape of the Earth as a geoid. This was the significant and fundamental result of testing the hypothesis of the Newton–Huygens spheroid and was of applied importance. Funding for the expeditionary activities was carried out on a parity basis from the budgets of the two nations. The study of archival documents from the collections of the Russian Academy of Sciences Archives enabled an understanding of the unprecedented financial and physical costs of preparing and carrying out expeditionary work. Analysing inter-academic research of the late nineteenth – early twentieth centuries is valuable for understanding the potential interactions between the government and academic structures of international scientific cooperation in the Arctic during the modern era.","PeriodicalId":49685,"journal":{"name":"Polar Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44692585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In search of the origin of an Antarctic ghost ship: The legend of the Jenny re-evaluated 寻找南极幽灵船的起源:重新评估珍妮号的传说

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Polar Record Pub Date : 2022-05-27 DOI: 10.1017/S0032247422000110

F. Schuster

{"title":"In search of the origin of an Antarctic ghost ship: The legend of the Jenny re-evaluated","authors":"F. Schuster","doi":"10.1017/S0032247422000110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247422000110","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract When Sir John Franklin’s expedition ships, lost since 1845, were found in the Arctic in 2014 and 2016, respectively, they were referred to several times in the media as ghost ships. However, such a comparison is not new. In 1862, an article linking the disappearance of the Franklin expedition to that of a ghost ship in Antarctic waters appeared in a newly founded German geographic journal aimed at a general audience. The story of the ghost ship Jenny in the Drake Passage between South America and Antarctica would probably have been long forgotten had it not appeared again in this journal in English translation a century later. Since then, the story has appeared again and again in publications about mysterious phenomena, without succeeding in answering the question of whether such a ship ever existed at all. Instead of continuing to look for evidence of the actual existence of the ship, the following article not only presents the sources of the 1862 journal article but also examines how the story itself might have originated. In addition to a well-known legend about a ghost ship in the Arctic waters of Greenland, which will also be analysed in greater detail, oral tales and tradition about two almost forgotten voyages into Antarctic waters and a well-known one have probably also been incorporated into the tale of the ghost ship Jenny. All translations from German are by the author.","PeriodicalId":49685,"journal":{"name":"Polar Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47253636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The original Scott Base buildings 原来的斯科特基地建筑

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Polar Record Pub Date : 2022-05-13 DOI: 10.1017/s0032247422000122

F. Davey

引用次数: 0

Valuing time: Tourism transitions in Svalbard 珍惜时间:斯瓦尔巴群岛的旅游转型

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Polar Record Pub Date : 2022-04-28 DOI: 10.1017/S0032247422000055

S. Saville

引用次数: 6

The rise and fall of Pyramiden: The story of a town in a wider geopolitical and environmental context 皮拉米登的兴衰:在更广泛的地缘政治和环境背景下的一个城镇的故事

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Polar Record Pub Date : 2022-04-22 DOI: 10.1017/S0032247422000018

J. Kavan, Barbora Halašková

{"title":"The rise and fall of Pyramiden: The story of a town in a wider geopolitical and environmental context","authors":"J. Kavan, Barbora Halašková","doi":"10.1017/S0032247422000018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247422000018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Climate change has become significantly pronounced in the Arctic over recent decades. In addition to these climate effects, the environment has experienced severe anthropogenic pressure connected to increased human activities, including the exploitation of natural resources and tourism. The opportunity to exploit some of the natural riches of Svalbard was promptly grasped by the Soviet Union well before the 1940s. In this paper, we present the story of Pyramiden, a mining settlement in central Svalbard. The Soviet town experienced its golden age in the 1970–1980s but fell into decline in the late 1990s which corresponds well with the overall economic and geopolitical situation of the Soviet Union. The impacts of past mining activities and related urban infrastructure development are illustrated with the use of historic aerial photographs. The most pronounced changes in the terrain configuration were connected to adjustments of the river network, construction of roads, water reservoirs, and obviously mining-related activities. The natural processes overwhelmed the city infrastructure rather quickly after the abandonment of the town in 1998, though some traces of human activities may persist for decades or centuries. Nowadays, Russia has been attempting to recover the settlement especially through support of tourism and research activities.","PeriodicalId":49685,"journal":{"name":"Polar Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45768679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Negotiating trade-offs between the environment, sustainability and mass tourism amongst guides on Svalbard 在斯瓦尔巴群岛的导游中，就环境、可持续性和大众旅游之间的权衡进行谈判

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Polar Record Pub Date : 2022-04-18 DOI: 10.1017/S0032247422000080

Trine C. B. Andersen

{"title":"Negotiating trade-offs between the environment, sustainability and mass tourism amongst guides on Svalbard","authors":"Trine C. B. Andersen","doi":"10.1017/S0032247422000080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247422000080","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper investigates how guides on Svalbard make sense of their relations to the environment whilst working with mass tourism. The Arctic is heating up more rapidly than any other part of the world, and over the last 30 years the effect of climate change has had a large impact on the environment in the Arctic. The guides as such find themselves living a paradox where their work destroys the nature that they care about and depend on. This paper analyses empirical data collected during four months of fieldwork amongst guides in Svalbard. Throughout the paper, two dimensions are explored: the guides’ relation to and understanding of the environment as well as their ways of caring for it. Building on illustrations of the guides’ preconceptions of the environment, it is shown how the guides in their everyday life are engaged in pro-environmental practices. These practices are embedded in the guides’ reciprocal relationship with the environment, where they negotiate between different trade-offs. The guides thus find a way to navigate the complexity of caring for the environment and working in tourism through their intimate relation to the environment.","PeriodicalId":49685,"journal":{"name":"Polar Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46786092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

China’s Role in the Arctic: Observing and Being Observed. Nong Hong . 2020. New York, NY: Routledge. xiii + 218 p, hardcover. ISBN 9780367278694. USD 99.00. 中国在北极的作用:观察与被观察。农洪。2020. 纽约，纽约:劳特利奇。Xiii + 218 p，精装。ISBN 9780367278694。99.00美元。

IF 0.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Polar Record Pub Date : 2022-04-18 DOI: 10.1017/S0032247422000067

A. Kuersten

引用次数: 0