1898-1901年瑞典-俄罗斯子午线考察期间在北极的学术合作:基于俄罗斯科学院档案资料

IF 1.4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY
O. Shabalina, K. Kazakova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要:本文分析了1898-1901年瑞典和俄罗斯在斯匹次卑尔根群岛组织和开展子午线科考的国际科学合作经验。这是历史上同类工程中最大的一个。两国的陆海军政府机构对测量地理北极附近的子午线非常感兴趣。这一任务的完成使更准确地确定地球的形状成为可能。这是检验牛顿-惠更斯球体假说的一个重要的、基本的结果,具有重要的应用价值。远征活动的经费是在两国预算平等的基础上进行的。对俄罗斯科学院档案馆收藏的档案文件的研究使人们能够了解准备和开展远征工作所需要的空前的财政和物质费用。分析19世纪末至20世纪初的学术间研究对于理解现代北极国际科学合作的政府和学术结构之间潜在的相互作用是有价值的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Inter-academic cooperation in the Arctic during the 1898–1901 Swedish–Russian Arc-of-Meridian expedition: Based on materials from the Russian Academy of Sciences Archives
Abstract The article analyses the experience of international scientific cooperation in the Arctic in organising and conducting an academic Swedish–Russian Arc-of-Meridian expedition to the Spitsbergen archipelago in 1898–1901. This was one of the largest projects of its kind in history. The military and naval government agencies of the two countries were extremely interested in measuring the meridian arc near the Geographic North Pole. The fulfilment of this task made it possible to more accurately determine the shape of the Earth as a geoid. This was the significant and fundamental result of testing the hypothesis of the Newton–Huygens spheroid and was of applied importance. Funding for the expeditionary activities was carried out on a parity basis from the budgets of the two nations. The study of archival documents from the collections of the Russian Academy of Sciences Archives enabled an understanding of the unprecedented financial and physical costs of preparing and carrying out expeditionary work. Analysing inter-academic research of the late nineteenth – early twentieth centuries is valuable for understanding the potential interactions between the government and academic structures of international scientific cooperation in the Arctic during the modern era.
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来源期刊
Polar Record
Polar Record 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
1.40
自引率
25.00%
发文量
26
审稿时长
>36 weeks
期刊介绍: Polar Record is an international, peer-reviewed scholarly periodical publishing results from a wide range of polar research areas. The journal covers original primary research papers in the humanities, social sciences, physical sciences, life sciences, and polar technology, as well as papers concerning current political, economic, legal, and environmental issues in the Arctic or Antarctic. Polar Record endeavours to provide rapid publication, normally within nine months of initial submission.
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