Progress of Theoretical Physics最新文献

{"title":"Single Postulate Formulation of the Theory of Special Relativity","authors":"A. Sfarti","doi":"10.22606/tp.2018.32001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22606/tp.2018.32001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49658,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73724855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To the Content of Planck Units","authors":"K. Kirakosyan","doi":"10.22606/TP.2018.32002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22606/TP.2018.32002","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the slightly revised Planck system of units the length, time, mass, temperature, and two dimensionless constants, one of which is the inverse of the fine structure constant, a new system of constants which is alternative to the system c, h, G, k, me and e is proposed: to the speed of light and constants of Planck, Newton, Boltzmann, the mass and charge of electron, respectively. It is shown that the Planck system of units has the same content with the coefficients of dimensionalities, which are introduced to give the corresponding dimensional content to physical quantities, and the constants c, h̄, G and k are the combinations of the coefficients of dimensionalities.","PeriodicalId":49658,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76491046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinearity and Energy Conservation: A Possible Way to Harness Energy from the Subquantum Medium","authors":"J. Croca, P. Castro, R. Moreira, M. M. Silva","doi":"10.22606/TP.2018.32005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22606/TP.2018.32005","url":null,"abstract":"In some situations nonlinearity seems to pervade in nature. Indeed, in adequate conditions, a minor action may give origin to a very large reaction, only apparently providing a gain in output power from a lesser inputted value. Extending de Broglie seminal ideas to a more general pilot-wave theory, we describe the relation between nonlinearity and energy conservation, dismissing any apparent contradiction between the two. We also present what seems to be a possible way to harness energy from the pervading subquantum medium.","PeriodicalId":49658,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75329232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hundred Years of Einstein's Cosmological Constant","authors":"K. Arun, S. B. Gudennavar, K. O. V., C. Sivaram","doi":"10.22606/TP.2018.32004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22606/TP.2018.32004","url":null,"abstract":"It was little over a hundred years ago that Einstein introduced the ‘cosmological constant’ in his General Theory of Relativity in order to obtain a static universe, to conform to the philosophical view of the universe at that time. What Einstein subsequently dubbed as the ‘biggest blunder’ of his life (after Hubble’s discovery of the expanding universe) has come back in vogue in cosmology. Here we look at the evolution of the concept of the cosmological constant from its inception to it possibly making up close to about 70% of the energy density of the universe.","PeriodicalId":49658,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79399581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflectance of Metal Grid Lines Calculated by Free Path Theory","authors":"Yanru Chen, S. Feng","doi":"10.22606/tp.2018.32003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22606/tp.2018.32003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49658,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73145871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aharonov-Bohm Effect, Dirac Monopole, and Bundle Theory","authors":"M. Socolovsky","doi":"10.22606/tp.2018.33002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22606/tp.2018.33002","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss the Aharonov-Bohm ($A-B$) effect and the Dirac ($D$) monopole of magnetic charge $g={{1}over{2}}$ in the context of bundle theory, exhibiting a purely geometric relation between them. If $xi_{A-B}$ and $xi_D$ are the respective $U(1)$-bundles, we show that $xi_{A-B}$ is isomorphic to the pull-back of $xi_D$ induced by the inclusion of the corresponding base spaces $iota:(D_0^2)^*to S^2$}. The fact that the $A-B$ effect disappears when the magnetic flux in the solenoid equals an integer times the quantum of flux $Phi_0={{2pi}over{vert evert}}$ associated with the electric charge $vert evert$, reflects here as a consequence of the pull-back by $iota$ of the Dirac connection in $xi_D$ to $xi_{A-B}$, and the Dirac quantization condition. We also show the necessary vanishing in $xi_{A-B}$ of the pull-back of the Chern class $c_1$ in $xi_D$.","PeriodicalId":49658,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79138327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrointestinal symptom severity in irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and the general population.","authors":"A D Lee, B M Spiegel, R D Hays, G Y Melmed, R Bolus, D Khanna, P P Khanna, L Chang","doi":"10.1111/nmo.13003","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nmo.13003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients report similar gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, yet comparisons of symptom severity between groups and with the general population (GP) are lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS^® ) GI symptom scales measuring gastro-esophageal reflux (GER), disrupted swallowing, diarrhea, bowel incontinence, nausea/vomiting, constipation, belly pain, and gas/bloating in: (i) USA GP sample, (ii) IBS patients, and (iii) IBD patients from tertiary care and community populations. Symptom severity scores were based on T-score metric with mean 50±10 (standard deviation) relative to the GP.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>Of 1643 patients enrolled, there were 253 IBS patients (68% F, mean age 45±15 years), 213 IBD patients (46% F, mean age 41±14 years), and 1177 GP subjects (57% F, mean age 46±16 years). IBS patients reported greater severity of GER, disrupted swallowing, nausea/vomiting, belly pain, gas/bloating, and constipation symptoms than their IBD counterparts (all P<.05). Compared to the GP, IBD patients had worse belly pain, gas/bloating, diarrhea, and bowel incontinence, but less severe GER and disrupted swallowing (all P<.05), and IBS patients had more severe nausea/vomiting, belly pain, gas/bloating, and constipation (all P<.05). Women had more severe belly pain and gas/bloating than men, whereas men had more severe bowel incontinence (all P<.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion & inferences: </strong>IBS and IBD are associated with more severe GI symptoms compared to the GP excluding esophageal symptoms. Unlike IBD, IBS is not characterized by observable GI inflammation but patients report more severe upper and lower GI symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":49658,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5393974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86652126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FREQUENT SUBGRAPH MINING OF PERSONALIZED SIGNALING PATHWAY NETWORKS GROUPS PATIENTS WITH FREQUENTLY DYSREGULATED DISEASE PATHWAYS AND PREDICTS PROGNOSIS.","authors":"Arda Durmaz, Tim A D Henderson, Douglas Brubaker, Gurkan Bebek","doi":"10.1142/9789813207813_0038","DOIUrl":"10.1142/9789813207813_0038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Motivation: </strong>Large scale genomics studies have generated comprehensive molecular characterization of numerous cancer types. Subtypes for many tumor types have been established; however, these classifications are based on molecular characteristics of a small gene sets with limited power to detect dysregulation at the patient level. We hypothesize that frequent graph mining of pathways to gather pathways functionally relevant to tumors can characterize tumor types and provide opportunities for personalized therapies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study we present an integrative omics approach to group patients based on their altered pathway characteristics and show prognostic differences within breast cancer (p < 9:57E - 10) and glioblastoma multiforme (p < 0:05) patients. We were able validate this approach in secondary RNA-Seq datasets with p < 0:05 and p < 0:01 respectively. We also performed pathway enrichment analysis to further investigate the biological relevance of dysregulated pathways. We compared our approach with network-based classifier algorithms and showed that our unsupervised approach generates more robust and biologically relevant clustering whereas previous approaches failed to report specific functions for similar patient groups or classify patients into prognostic groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results could serve as a means to improve prognosis for future cancer patients, and to provide opportunities for improved treatment options and personalized interventions. The proposed novel graph mining approach is able to integrate PPI networks with gene expression in a biologically sound approach and cluster patients in to clinically distinct groups. We have utilized breast cancer and glioblastoma multiforme datasets from microarray and RNA-Seq platforms and identified disease mechanisms differentiating samples.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>Supplementary methods, figures, tables and code are available at https://github.com/bebeklab/dysprog.</p>","PeriodicalId":49658,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics","volume":"128 1","pages":"402-413"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6029858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86070984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic isotope effects reveal early transition state of protein lysine methyltransferase SET8.","authors":"Joshua A Linscott, Kanishk Kapilashrami, Zhen Wang, Chamara Senevirathne, Ian R Bothwell, Gil Blum, Minkui Luo","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1609032114","DOIUrl":"10.1073/pnas.1609032114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protein lysine methyltransferases (PKMTs) catalyze the methylation of protein substrates, and their dysregulation has been linked to many diseases, including cancer. Accumulated evidence suggests that the reaction path of PKMT-catalyzed methylation consists of the formation of a cofactor(cosubstrate)-PKMT-substrate complex, lysine deprotonation through dynamic water channels, and a nucleophilic substitution (S_N2) transition state for transmethylation. However, the molecular characters of the proposed process remain to be elucidated experimentally. Here we developed a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) method and corresponding mathematic matrix to determine precisely the ratios of isotopically methylated peptides. This approach may be generally applicable for examining the kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) of posttranslational modifying enzymes. Protein lysine methyltransferase SET8 is the sole PKMT to monomethylate histone 4 lysine 20 (H4K20) and its function has been implicated in normal cell cycle progression and cancer metastasis. We therefore implemented the MS-based method to measure KIEs and binding isotope effects (BIEs) of the cofactor S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) for SET8-catalyzed H4K20 monomethylation. A primary intrinsic ¹³C KIE of 1.04, an inverse intrinsic α-secondary CD₃ KIE of 0.90, and a small but statistically significant inverse CD₃ BIE of 0.96, in combination with computational modeling, revealed that SET8-catalyzed methylation proceeds through an early, asymmetrical S_N2 transition state with the C-N and C-S distances of 2.35-2.40 Å and 2.00-2.05 Å, respectively. This transition state is further supported by the KIEs, BIEs, and steady-state kinetics with the SAM analog Se-adenosyl-l-selenomethionine (SeAM) as a cofactor surrogate. The distinct transition states between protein methyltransferases present the opportunity to design selective transition-state analog inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":49658,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics","volume":"43 1","pages":"E8369-E8378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5206543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86264881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of central venous pressure and sonographic inferior vena cava variability in assessing fluid responsiveness in septic shock.","authors":"Manjri Garg, Jyotsna Sen, Sandeep Goyal, Dhruva Chaudhry","doi":"10.4103/0972-5229.195706","DOIUrl":"10.4103/0972-5229.195706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Fluid infusion, the most critical step in the resuscitation of patients with septic shock, needs preferably continuous invasive hemodynamic monitoring. The study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonographically measured inferior vena cava collapsibility index (IVC CI) in comparison to central venous pressure (CVP) in predicting fluid responsiveness in septic shock.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty-six patients of septic shock requiring ventilatory support (invasive/noninvasive) were included. Patients with congestive heart failure, raised intra-abdominal pressure, and poor echo window were excluded from the study. They were randomly divided into two groups based on mode of fluid resuscitation - Group I (CVP) and Group II (IVC CI). Primary end-points were mean arterial pressure (MAP) of ≥65 mmHg and CVP >12 mmHg or IVC CI <20% in Groups I and II, respectively. Patients were followed till achievement of end-points or maximum of 6 h. Outcome variables (pulse rate, MAP, urine output, pH, base deficit, and ScvO₂ ) were serially measured till the end of the study. Survival at 2 and 4 weeks was used as secondary end-point.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Primary end-point was reached in 31 patients (15 in Group I and 16 in Group II). Fluid infusion, by either method, had increased CVP and decreased IVC CI with resultant negative correlation between them (Pearson correlation coefficient -0.626). There was no significant difference in the amount of fluid infused and time to reach end-point in two groups. Comparison in outcome variables at baseline and end-point showed no significant difference including mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CVP and IVC CI are negatively correlated with fluid resuscitation, and both methods can be used for resuscitation, with IVC CI being noninferior to CVP.</p>","PeriodicalId":49658,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics","volume":"82 1","pages":"708-713"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5225771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86633352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}