Progress of Theoretical Physics最新文献

{"title":"The importance of selected spices in cardiovascular diseases.","authors":"Bartosz Kulczyński, Anna Gramza-Michałowska","doi":"10.5604/17322693.1224252","DOIUrl":"10.5604/17322693.1224252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Literature data indicate that, due to these diseases, approximately 17.5 million people died in 2012. Types of cardiovascular disease include ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, congenital heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia. Proper nutrition is an important factor in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events. An interesting element of our diets is spices. For thousands of years, they have been used in the treatment of many diseases: bacterial infections, coughs, colds, and liver diseases. Many studies also demonstrate their antioxidant, chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. This paper focuses on discussing the importance of selected spices (garlic, cinnamon, ginger, coriander and turmeric) in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":49658,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics","volume":"81 1","pages":"1131-1141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86631096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Easy Pulsatile Phantom for Teaching and Validation of Flow Measurements in Ultrasound.","authors":"M B Rominger, E-M Müller-Stuler, M Pinto, A S Becker, K Martini, T Frauenfelder, V Klingmüller","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-106396","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0042-106396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To build a simple model to teach and validate non-pulsatile and pulsatile flow quantification in ultrasound.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The setting consists of the following connected components: (1) medical syringe pump producing an adjustable constant flow (ml/min), (2) modulator modifying constant flow to a reproducible pulsatile flow, (3) water tank containing a diagonal running silicone tube (0.5 mm inner diameter), and (4) a fixated ultrasound probe (L9 Linear Array 9 MHz, GE Logiq E9) measuring the flow inside the tube. Commercially available microbubbles suspended with physiological saline solution were used for ultrasonic visibility. Spectral Doppler of different flow profiles is performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The syringe pump produces an adjustable, constant flow and serves as the reference standard. The filling volume of the tube system is 1.2 ml. Microbubbles are very well detected by ultrasound and can be used as an easy and clean blood mimicking substance. The modulator generates different physiological and pathological flow profiles. Velocities are similar to those found within human blood vessels. Thus, it is possible to train and validate flow measurements in ultrasound.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The model produces non-pulsatile and various pulsatile flow profiles and allows validation of flow measurements. The compact size permits easy and economic setup for flow measurements in research, skills lab and continuing education.</p>","PeriodicalId":49658,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics","volume":"89 1","pages":"E93-7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5026039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86737627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining cancer immunotherapy-optimization, personalization, and new predictive biomarkers: 4th Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunomonitoring (CITIM) meeting, April 27-30, 2015, Ljubljana, Slovenia.","authors":"Natalia Aptsiauri, Anahid Jewett, Arthur A Hurwitz, Michael R Shurin, Viktor Umansky","doi":"10.1007/s00262-016-1795-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00262-016-1795-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49658,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics","volume":"109 1","pages":"875-83"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11029488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86007765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can early weight loss, eating behaviors and socioeconomic factors predict successful weight loss at 12- and 24-months in adolescents with obesity and insulin resistance participating in a randomised controlled trial?","authors":"Megan L Gow, Louise A Baur, Mandy Ho, Kerryn Chisholm, Manny Noakes, Chris T Cowell, Sarah P Garnett","doi":"10.1186/s12966-016-0367-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12966-016-0367-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lifestyle interventions in adolescents with obesity can result in weight loss following active intervention but individual responses vary widely. This study aimed to identify predictors of weight loss at 12- and 24-months in adolescents with obesity and clinical features of insulin resistance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adolescents (n = 111, 66 girls, aged 10-17 years) were participants in a randomised controlled trial, the RESIST study, examining the effects of two diets differing in macronutrient content on insulin sensitivity. Eighty-five completed the 12-month program and 24-month follow-up data were available for 42 adolescents. Change in weight was determined by BMI expressed as a percentage of the 95th percentile (BMI95). The study physician collected socioeconomic data at baseline. Physical activity and screen time, and psychological dimensions of eating behavior were self-reported using the validated CLASS and EPI-C questionnaires, respectively. Stepwise multiple regressions were conducted to identify models that best predicted change in BMI95 at 12- and 24-months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean BMI95 was reduced at 12-months compared with baseline (mean difference [MD] ± SE: -6.9 ± 1.0, P < 0.001) but adolescents had significant re-gain from 12- to 24-months (MD ± SE: 3.7 ± 1.5, P = 0.017). Participants who achieved greater 12-month weight loss had: greater 3-month weight loss, a father with a higher education, lower baseline external eating and parental pressure to eat scores and two parents living at home. Participants who achieved greater 24-month weight loss had: greater 12-month weight loss and a lower baseline emotional eating score.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early weight loss is consistently identified as a strong predictor of long-term weight loss. This could be because early weight loss identifies those more motivated and engaged individuals. Patients who have baseline factors predictive of long-term weight loss failure may benefit from additional support during the intervention. Additionally, if a patient does not achieve early weight loss, further support or transition to an alternate intervention where they may have increased success may be considered.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registration Number (ACTRN) 12608000416392 https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=83071.</p>","PeriodicalId":49658,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics","volume":"98 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4818484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86665594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy in Special Relativity","authors":"Zbigniew Osiak","doi":"10.22606/TP.2019.41002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22606/TP.2019.41002","url":null,"abstract":"I give new relativistic formulas for kinetic, rest and total energies. The change in kinetic energy of a particle will be determined as the work done by the spatial part of the Minkowski four-force. I present a new relation between the relativistic kinetic energy and the spatial part of the four-momentum also interpretation of the temporal component of the Minkowski four-force.","PeriodicalId":49658,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84802810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unique roles played by Acid-sensing ion channel 2.","authors":"Yingjun Guo, Jingying Chen, Jingkun Li, Lei Cheng, Nie Lin","doi":"10.1080/19336950.2015.1106653","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19336950.2015.1106653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The discovery of Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) provided us the theoretical basis to understand the pathological acidic environment. They belong to the degenerin/epithelial Na⁺ channel family and function once extracellular pH decreases to a certain level, and this characteristic make them spotlights in the regulation or response of pH change. As a regulatory system, keeping the intra- and extra-balance seems to be significant for ASICs, in which ASIC2 plays an important role. We surprisingly noticed that ASIC2 owns some distinctive properties, including its inter-system regulation, specific distribution and transporting patterns, influence on cell migration and the unique role in mechanosensitivity. Therefore, to conclude the functions and characterisitics of ASIC2 indeed assist the understanding of interaction among ASICs subunits and the regulation from extracellular environment to ASICs.</p>","PeriodicalId":49658,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2015-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86551708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrino Oscillation Physics Potential of the T2K Experiment","authors":"K. Abe, D. Autiero, O. Drapier, J. Dumarchez, S. Emery-Schrenk, V. Galymov, C. Giganti, M. Gonin, J. Marteau, E. Mazzucato, T. Mueller, B. Popov, B. Quilain, G. Vasseur, M. Zito","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptv031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptv031","url":null,"abstract":"The observation of the recent electron neutrino appearance in a muon neutrino beam and the high-precision measurement of the mixing angle $theta_{13}$ have led to a re-evaluation of the physics potential of the T2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. Sensitivities are explored for CP violation in neutrinos, non-maximal $sin^22theta_{23}$, the octant of $theta_{23}$, and the mass hierarchy, in addition to the measurements of $delta_{CP}$, $sin^2theta_{23}$, and $Delta m^2_{32}$, for various combinations of $nu$-mode and $bar{nu}$-mode data-taking. With an exposure of $7.8times10^{21}$~protons-on-target, T2K can achieve 1-$sigma$ resolution of 0.050(0.054) on $sin^2theta_{23}$ and $0.040(0.045)times10^{-3}~rm{eV}^2$ on $Delta m^2_{32}$ for 100%(50%) neutrino beam mode running assuming $sin^2theta_{23}=0.5$ and $Delta m^2_{32} = 2.4times10^{-3}$ eV$^2$. T2K will have sensitivity to the CP-violating phase $delta_{rm{CP}}$ at 90% C.L. or better over a significant range. For example, if $sin^22theta_{23}$ is maximal (i.e $theta_{23}$=$45^circ$) the range is $-115^circ<delta_{rm{CP}}<-60^circ$ for normal hierarchy and $+50^circ<delta_{rm{CP}}<+130^circ$ for inverted hierarchy. When T2K data is combined with data from the NO$nu$A experiment, the region of oscillation parameter space where there is sensitivity to observe a non-zero $delta_{CP}$ is substantially increased compared to if each experiment is analyzed alone.","PeriodicalId":49658,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/ptep/ptv031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61120377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nucleon- and Antinucleon-Nucleon Elastic and Charge Exchange Processes","authors":"Y. Sumi, Toshihiro Yoshida","doi":"10.1143/PTPS.E67.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1143/PTPS.E67.53","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49658,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":"53-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1143/PTPS.E67.53","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64920856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter II Superfluidity in Neutron Star Matter and Symmetric Nuclear Matter","authors":"T. Takatsuka, R. Tamagaki","doi":"10.1143/PTPS.112.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1143/PTPS.112.27","url":null,"abstract":"Nucleon superfluids which are realized in neutron star interior and symmetric nuclear matter are studied with use of realistic nuclear forces, in the density domain from the subnuclear region to about 3ρ_0 (ρ_0 being the nuclear density). It is shown that characteristic aspects of nuclear forces manifest themselves in the appearance of several kinds of nucleon superfluids, which strongly depends on the density ρ. In this chapter emphasis is put on the pairing correlations where strong noncentral (tensor and spin-orbit) forces play important roles. A theoretical framework applicable to the nonzero angular-momentum pairing including the coupling due to tensor force is given by extending the usual BCS-Bogoliubov theory for the ^1S_0 pairing (the zero angular-momentum one). This formulation has been applied to the ^3P_2+^3F_2 pairing in neutron matter (the dominant component of neutron stars) and the ^3S_1+^3D_1 pairing in symmetric nuclear matter. In the former case, although spin-orbit force mainly contributes to the ^3P_2 attraction, the tensor coupling with the ^3F_2 component assists to realize the ^3P_2 superfluid. In the latter case, the tensor coupling to the ^3D_1 component plays a vital role to realize the ^3S_1 superfluid with a large energy gap. Results of the energy gaps calculated for such nonzero angular-momentum pairings, as well as those for the ^1S_0 pairing, are shown. We have found the realization of the following nucleon superfluids; the neutron ^3P_2 superfluid and the proton ^1S_0 one in the fluid core of neutron stars at ρ≃(0.7∼3)ρ_0, the neutron ^1S_0 superfluid in the inner crust of neutron stars at ρ≃(10^−3∼0.5)ρ_0, and the ^3S_1 superfluid in symmetric nuclear matter at a wide range of ρ including ρ_0, contrary to the ^1S_0 one realized at ρ≲ρ_0/2. The properties of these superfluids and their implications are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":49658,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics","volume":"112 1","pages":"27-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64720748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quaternionic Variational Formalism for General Relativity in Riemann and Riemann-Cartan Space-Times","authors":"K. Morita","doi":"10.1143/PTP.128.1107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1143/PTP.128.1107","url":null,"abstract":"It is shown that there exists a 2-dimensional matrix representation of complex quaternions over real quaternions, which allows to define Pauli matrix in 4 dimensions over the quaternionic field and leads to the quaternionic spinor group previously proposed. It is also attempted to apply complex quaternions to general relativity at the level of the variational formalism. Linear gravitational Lagrangian in Riemann-Cartan space-time U4 is derived using quaternion caluculus; namely scalar curvature in U4 is put into a quaternionic form. Consequently, Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian in Riemann space R4 is also defined over quaternions, as first shown by Sachs. The matter fields coupled to gravity are assumed to be the scalar and the Dirac fields. The quaternionic variational formalism corresponds to the firstorder formalism but with a limited pattern of allowed fields such that the quaternionic fields carry only coordinate tensor indices but no local Lorentz indices which are contracted with that possessed by the basis of complex quaternions. In particular, both the quaternionic vierbein field and Lorentz gauge field (corresponding to the spin connection) are regarded as coordinate vectors which are independently varied, obtaining Einstein and Cartan equations, respectively. It is incidentally shown that the consistent condition of Einstein equation in U4 is proved via the variational formalism and the anti-symmetric part of Einstein equation together with Cartan equation in U4 leads to an identity which expresses the anti-symmetric part of the enegy-momentum tensor by means of the covariant divergence of the spin angular momentum tensor, both of Dirac field. We also present pedagogical proofs of Bianchi and Bach-Lanczos identities in U4 using the quaternionic formalism.","PeriodicalId":49658,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics","volume":"128 1","pages":"1107-1139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1143/PTP.128.1107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64011809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}