Prosthetics and Orthotics International最新文献

{"title":"\"A good socket fit can make you or break you\": A multimethod study to explore the perceptions and experiences of socket fitting among people with lower-limb loss in Australia.","authors":"Lucy Armitage, Lauren Kark, Kirsty A McDonald, Darrel Sparke, Belinda Ford","doi":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PXR.0000000000000420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Iterative design and modification are used to manufacture lower limb prosthetic sockets that meet users' needs while also fulfilling safety and mobility criteria. Greater understanding of the expectations of prosthesis users regarding prosthetic fit as well as their experiences at the time of socket fitting is needed.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Describe lower limb prosthesis user perceptions and experiences of socket comfort and discomfort during their last fitting and compare this to their expectations for a perfectly fitting socket and their satisfaction with the socket they had fitted.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A questionnaire was designed and administered in consultation with Amputees NSW (an amputee advocacy group) and distributed through their membership database. Qualitative responses were analyzed to explore prosthesis user experiences of socket fitting, general wear, as well as socket comfort, discomfort, and satisfaction. Quantitative responses were analyzed using descriptive, nonparametric methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty participants with a range of lived experiences completed the questionnaire. Reported comfort and discomfort varied across participants and indicated that expectations and experiences of fit varied and changed over time, with some participants anticipating adjustment over time would be necessary. Qualitative analysis found experiences of prosthesis socket comfort/discomfort on the day of fitting and general experiences of socket comfort related to 2 key factors-the prosthesis itself and the individual prosthesis user.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Understanding the experiences and expectations of prosthesis users for comfort and intended activities is central to ensure success of the socket fitting approach. Investigation into fit changes over time could provide insights into follow-up requirements, user education, and funding mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":49657,"journal":{"name":"Prosthetics and Orthotics International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the effects of orthoses on hallux valgus angle and plantar pressure in individuals with hallux valgus.","authors":"Hüsnanur Çamur, Sena Özdemir Görgü","doi":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PXR.0000000000000423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hallux valgus (HV) is a condition characterized by the lateral deviation of the first phalanx and medial deviation of the first metatarsal, leading to subluxation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Various orthotic applications are employed in the treatment of HV deformity. This study aimed to compare the effects of a toe separator (TS) and dynamic orthosis (DO) on hallux valgus angle (HVA), plantar pressure (PP), and quality of life (QoL).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty individuals aged between 18 and 65 years who had mild to moderate HV deformity were included in our study. Participants were randomized into TS and DO groups. Pretest and post-test evaluations at 4 weeks included goniometric measurement for HVA, PP measurement using the Sensor Medica device, QoL assessment using the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society-Hallux MTP-IP Scale and Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire, and numerical evaluation scale for orthosis satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant changes were observed in HVA measurements (p > 0.05). In the DO group, significant differences were observed in PP assessment for right rearfoot loading (p = 0.048) and total average pressure measurement of the right foot (p = 0.025). QoL assessments were observed significant differences in the DO group compared with the TS group (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>After a 4-week period of wearing the TS and DO orthoses, no change in HVA was observed. In the DO group, a more balanced load distribution between the right and left foot (50.2% left, 49.8% right) and a more pronounced effect in reducing deformity-related pain and improving QoL by increasing functionality were noted.</p>","PeriodicalId":49657,"journal":{"name":"Prosthetics and Orthotics International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity and reliability of Glittre activities of daily living test in lower-limb prosthetic users.","authors":"Özge Çiftçi, Yasin Yurt, Cansu Koltak, Levent Eker","doi":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PXR.0000000000000422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Functional capacity assessments have an important role in determining the level of mobility in lower-limb prosthetic users.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Our aim was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Glittre activities of daily living (ADL) test in lower-limb prosthetic users.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 66 people over the age of 18 years who had used a lower-limb prosthesis for at least 6 months and could walk at least 30 m independently. For construct validity, the correlation of the Glittre ADL test with the 2-min walk test, timed up and go test, and functional reach test was examined, and Bland-Altman agreement analysis was performed. Intra-rater reliability was examined with 2 tests performed by the same physiotherapist on different days, and inter-rater reliability was examined with a test performed by a second physiotherapist on a different day.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The reliability of the Glittre ADL test was found to be excellent for intra-rater (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.940, 95% confidence interval = 0.903-0.963, standard error of measurement = 26.03, minimal detectable change = 72.31) and good for inter-rater (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.890, 95% confidence interval = 0.806-0.936, standard error of measurement = 36.80, minimal detectable change = 102.06, p < 0.001). There was a strong negative correlation between Glittre ADL test and 2-min walk test (r = -0.785), a strong positive correlation with timed up and go (r = 0.805), and a weak negative correlation with functional reach test (r = -0.266, p < 0.05). Bland-Altman plots showed 95% agreement for both validity and reliability measurements.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Glittre ADL test is a valid and reliable test that can be used in the assessment of functional capacity in lower extremity prosthesis users.</p>","PeriodicalId":49657,"journal":{"name":"Prosthetics and Orthotics International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional electrical stimulation in adult patients with cerebral palsy and foot drop-outcome in gait.","authors":"Katharina S Gather, Niklas Bleichner, Julia Block, Daniel W W Heitzmann, Claudia Weichold, Sebastian I Wolf, Merkur Alimusaj, Cornelia Putz","doi":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PXR.0000000000000424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Foot drop is a common condition for patients with upper motor neuron syndrome such as cerebral palsy (CP). This study aimed to investigate the effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) on gait function, quality of life, and FES satisfaction in adults with CP and foot drop. To analyze effects over time, an observational, longitudinal study was performed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this observational prospective cohort study, 8 adults with CP (median age of 22 years; range: 18.5-33.25) received a FES system for 12 weeks. 3D gait analysis was performed at beginning (T1) and end of the study period (T2). To detect effects of FES, ankle kinematics, kinetics, and spatiotemporal parameters were monitored for the conditions FES-OFF and -ON at each examination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over time, walking speed increased significantly from T1ON (1.08 m/s) to T2OFF (1.21 m/s) with further improvement at T2ON. The ON-OFF difference of maximum dorsiflexion during swing tended to increase at T2 (2.49 degrees) compared with T1 (1.73 degrees) but with a more plantarflexed ankle position at T2 (range: -7.1 to 1.31 degrees) than T1 (range: -1.53 to 4.51 degrees) resulting in a significant decrease between T1ON and T2OFF. With FES, push-off energy tended to decrease for both examinations and lead to lower values over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Positive therapeutic effects are represented in walking speed over time regardless of FES being OFF or ON even with a reduction in push-off energy. Despite no significant increase in maximum dorsiflexion in swing, over time, participants showed the tendency of an improvement in foot lift with FES-ON.</p>","PeriodicalId":49657,"journal":{"name":"Prosthetics and Orthotics International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Principles and biomechanical response of normal gait cycle to measure gait parameters for the alignment of prosthetics limb: A technical report.","authors":"Santosh Kumar, Sumit Bhowmik","doi":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PXR.0000000000000391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The limb amputations caused due to emergent incidents of trauma injuries and vascular diseases currently represent crucial global problems. The patients/amputees with limb amputation who lost the residual limb (knee-ankle foot system) must depend on the prosthetic limb. Prosthetic clinicians and technicians have attempted to develop optimal limb prosthetics that will enhance the ability and functional elements of the patients/users. However, the amputees still do not gain the same level of comfort and functional stability as compared to normal limbs (without amputation). Thus, to provide that comfort and stability, proper construction with accurate positioning and alignment of constructed prosthetic limb is crucial to reconstitute these amputees/patients to do their activities for daily life. The objective of technical report is to provide the brief summary about basic principle and biomechanics regarding gait analysis, construction, and alignment of prosthetic limb during gait cycle. The study also summarized the kinematics and kinetic biomechanical response of prosthetic limbs to assess the biomechanics of limb prosthetics, socket assembly principle, gait parameters, and static and dynamic alignment during walking. The basic principle of positioning and alignment with different flexion and torque moment at hip, knee, and ankle joint has been analyzed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49657,"journal":{"name":"Prosthetics and Orthotics International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship of stump length with muscle strength, proprioception, and balance in patients with traumatic unilateral transfemoral amputation.","authors":"Gizem Kılınç Kamacı, Merve Örücü Atar, Fatma Özcan, Yasin Demir, Koray Aydemir","doi":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000385","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many factors affect the rehabilitation of lower limb amputation. One of these factors is the length of the stump.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of stump length with muscle strength, proprioception, and balance in patients with traumatic unilateral transfemoral amputation.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Sixteen patients with traumatic unilateral transfemoral amputation were included in this cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Stump length was determined by measuring the distance from the trochanter major to the tip of the stump. Hip extensor and flexor muscle strength on the amputated side was determined using the computer-assisted isokinetic system. The proprioceptive sensation of the lower extremities was measured at hip flexion with computer-assisted isokinetic system. Balance of the patients was determined using the Berg Balance Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the stump length and proprioception measurements (r = -0.508, p = 0.044). There was also a statistically significant correlation between Berg Balance Scale and the flexion total work value at 60° angular velocity (r = 0.541, p = 0.03). There was no significant correlation between stump length and other muscle strength, proprioception, and balance parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A relationship was found between stump length and proprioception, and balance and hip flexor muscle strength in patients with traumatic unilateral transfemoral amputation. In elective lower limb amputations, the level of amputation should be determined at the most functional level with the longest possible stump.</p>","PeriodicalId":49657,"journal":{"name":"Prosthetics and Orthotics International","volume":" ","pages":"268-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual reality-based myoelectric prosthetic control training: Effects of action observation and motor imagery with visual feedback of electromyographic signals.","authors":"Manabu Yoshimura, Hiroshi Kurumadani, Tomotaka Ito, Takayuki Hosokawa, Junya Hirata, Katsutoshi Senoo, Seiji Kinoshita, Shota Date, Kozo Hanayama, Toru Sunagawa","doi":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PXR.0000000000000392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Conventional myoelectric prostheses (myo-prostheses) training involves repetitive grasping and manipulation training, which requires considerable training time. It is necessary to develop a short and efficient myo-prostheses training. This study aimed to verify the immediate and sustained effects of action observation and motor imagery (AOMI) using virtual reality (VR) on myo-prostheses control and clarify the effect of visual feedback of electromyogram (EMG) signals during AOMI using VR.</p><p><strong>Study design and methods: </strong>We evaluated 24 healthy right-handed individuals wearing a myo-prostheses simulator in their dominant hands. We divided participants into 3 groups: VR video observation with EMG presentation during manipulation (VR+), VR video observation without EMG presentation (VR), and control group. We evaluated prosthetic control skills using the Grasp Force Adjustment Test (GFAT) and Bowknot task immediately before and after AOMI and 1 week later. In addition, we evaluated the level of immersion during AOMI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The rate of change in the GFAT 1 week after the intervention was significantly greater in the VR+ (P < 0.05, d = 1.32) and VR (P < 0.01, d = 2.34) groups than in the control group. Immersion was significantly higher in the VR+ and VR groups than in the control group. The condition and time required for GFAT had significant effects, although the post-hoc test showed no significant difference between VR+ and VR groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AOMI using VR had sustained effects on motor learning of myo-prosthetic control despite EMG presentation. Therefore, AOMI, using VR, manipulates prostheses once learned, and it might be used for future training of myo-prosthetic control.</p>","PeriodicalId":49657,"journal":{"name":"Prosthetics and Orthotics International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the contents of outcome measures in upper-limb amputation using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health: A systematic review.","authors":"Hatice Gül, Senem Demirdel, Tezel Yıldırım Şahan, Bahar Anaforoğlu Külünkoğlu, Sevilay Seda Baş, Senay Çerezci Duygu, Murat Ali Çınar, Hilal Keklicek, Kezban Bayramlar, Fatih Erbahçeci","doi":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PXR.0000000000000376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) provides a universal framework for assessing the functioning of any person. To facilitate the application of the ICF in practice, ICF core sets are being developed. This study is part of a project intended to develop an ICF core set for upper-limb amputation (ULA) and aims to identify relevant concepts included in the outcome measurements used in studies of ULA. Articles involving ULA aged 18 years or older from January 2011 to December 2021 were searched on Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SPORTdiscus, and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online. We included studies with particular designs (randomized controlled trials, before/after studies, cross-sectional studies, and longitudinal observational studies) and published in English. Relevant concepts were extracted from measurements and linked to the ICF using linking rules, and a frequency analysis was conducted. Sixty-one of the 1272 identified publications were included, from which 86 measurements were extracted. Concepts extracted from measurements were linked to 129 ICF categories. Three hundred twenty-six (29.23%) of the 1115 concepts were related to body functions, 643 (57.66%) to activity and participation, 96 (8.60%) to environmental factors, 19 (1.70%) to body structures, and 6 (0.53%) to personal factors. Twenty-five (2.24%) were characterized as \"nd-not definable.\" \"Fifty-four\" categories identified in at least 5% of the publications will be considered for inclusion in the final ICF core set for ULA during the consensus conference. This review provides information about the content of measures, and the identified ICF categories reveal the research perspective for developing an ICF core set for ULA.</p>","PeriodicalId":49657,"journal":{"name":"Prosthetics and Orthotics International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prosthesis and health-related factors of mobility in people with nontraumatic unilateral transtibial amputation.","authors":"Tahereh Alavi, Maryam Jalali, Behshid Farahmand, Taher Babaee","doi":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PXR.0000000000000378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Numerous factors can affect mobility of individuals with lower limb amputation, including prosthesis-dependent, physical and psychological determinants.Objective:This study aimed to investigate the prosthesis and health-related factors of mobility in people with nontraumatic unilateral transtibial amputation.Study Design:Cross-sectional observational study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals with nontraumatic unilateral transtibial amputation who are using a prosthetic leg were included. All participants were asked to fill out the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire, 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), Comprehensive Lower Limb Amputee Socket Survey, and 12-item Prosthetic Limb Users Survey of Mobility. The relationships between the variables of interest and mobility were investigated using correlation coefficient analyses. Multiple regression analysis was run to investigate the impact of a set of predictor variables on mobility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 168 people with lower limb amputation were included. Mobility had a significant association with age, comorbidity, occupation, Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire score, physical and mental component scores of SF-12, subscales of the Comprehensive Lower Limb Amputee Socket Survey, educational status, amputation cause, time since amputation, time since using the prosthesis, and socket insert type. In the final model of multiple regression analysis, the Physical Component Summary score of SF-12 showed the strongest predictor of mobility (beta = 0.40, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nonprosthetic factors play a significant role in mobility of people with nontraumatic unilateral transtibial amputation. Although some predictors, such as age and time since amputation, are immutable, clinicians may still enhance the mobility of this population through the utilization of health-related factors, such as improving their physical activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49657,"journal":{"name":"Prosthetics and Orthotics International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative investigation into the functional problems of transtibial prostheses when amputees perform agricultural work.","authors":"Yessika María Ortega Bedoya, Elizabeth Rendón Vélez, Valentina Mejía Londoño, Fanny Valencia Legarda, Jesús Alberto Plata Contreras","doi":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PXR.0000000000000387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A significant number of Colombian farmers who are transtibial amputees are civilian victims of landmines. Current prostheses are inadequately adapted for agricultural work, resulting in functional challenges in this context.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to analyze and categorize the functional problems of transtibial prostheses in the Colombian agricultural context, incorporating perspectives from prosthesis users, manufacturers, and designers.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Descriptive qualitative research involving 49 transtibial amputees using prostheses and 18 professionals engaged in prosthesis design, manufacture, or prescription.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were interviewed. Each interview was transcribed, and a conventional content analysis was conducted to identify functional problems with transtibial prostheses in agricultural settings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Interviewees reported that sockets become loose from residual limbs, and soft sockets and socks are prone to damage and maladjustment. The prosthetic foot undergoes stress due to stiffness, causing cracks and accelerated deterioration. Fastening screws loosen, break, and rust, while cosmetic foam retains moisture, perforates, and deteriorates in sunlight. Prosthesis deterioration is exacerbated by weather, moisture, mud, tall grass, and uneven or sloping terrain.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prosthesis designs should facilitate sweat drainage or quick drying to address issues with soft sockets and socks. Sockets should be padded to minimize residual limb injuries. Durable, low-cost, and easily replaceable soft sockets are essential for farming environments. Additionally, farmers need a prosthetic foot that flexes when caught in brush or walking on uneven/inclined surfaces, allowing movement in two physiological planes without compromising strength and durability.</p>","PeriodicalId":49657,"journal":{"name":"Prosthetics and Orthotics International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}