Prosthetics and Orthotics International最新文献

{"title":"Translation and validation of a Norwegian version of the prosthetic limb users survey of mobility and assessment of self-reported mobility of lower limb prosthetic users in Norway.","authors":"Linn Reed-Schwanborg, Inger Marie Starholm, Mari Bergelien Solberg, Ingrid Iversen Langseth, Terje Gjøvaag","doi":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000455","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the current study is to translate the original prosthetic limb users survey of mobility (PLUS-M) instrument to Norwegian, investigate its psychometric properties, and conduct a survey on mobility in Norwegian lower limb prosthetic users (LLPU).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy methodology was followed for translation and cross-cultural validation. After translation, invitations to participate in a survey was sent from prosthetic and orthotic clinics in Norway to registered LLPU. Of 1279 invitations, 454 people with unilateral lower limb amputation (age, 62.6 ± 14.4 years) were included in the study. Known-groups construct validity was investigated by comparing the T-scores of men vs. women, transtibial vs. transfemoral amputation, vascular vs. nonvascular etiology, and younger vs. older persons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall PLUS-M T-score (mean ± SD) was 53.2 ± 11.1. Men (n = 318) had better mobility than women (n = 137), with T-scores of 54.7 ± 10.4 and 49.6 ± 12.4, respectively ( P < 0.0005). All hypotheses about assumed differences in T-scores between known-groups were confirmed (all comparisons; P < 0.0005). Internal consistency (Cronbach α, 0.962) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.936, 95% confidence interval, 0.871-0.968) were excellent. Standard error of measurement was 2.02, and minimal detectable change (95% CI) was 5.59. Furthermore, floor and ceiling effect was 1.8% and 10.9%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Norwegian version of the PLUS-M 12-item short form is valid and has excellent reproducibility and psychometric properties. The overall T-score for the Norwegian LLPU is marginally higher compared to the mean ± SD T-score (50 ± 10) of the original development sample (N = 1091).</p>","PeriodicalId":49657,"journal":{"name":"Prosthetics and Orthotics International","volume":" ","pages":"219-227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hand orthoses-related factors affecting patient satisfaction and adherence: A scoping review and checklist design.","authors":"Maryam Farzad, Joy C MacDermid, Marjan Saeedi, Steven Cuypers","doi":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000453","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orthoses are essential in managing musculoskeletal conditions, but factors influencing patient satisfaction and adherence are less known. This review seeks to address this gap. Online databases (CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Reviews, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were searched without time limitation till 2024. Studies were included if they addressed hand orthoses satisfaction and adherence. Data were extracted on factors affecting satisfaction and adherence related to hand orthoses. A thematic analysis approach was employed to develop and refine a comprehensive informal checklist through expert panel consultation. After eligibility screening, we included 20 papers published between 2000 and 2023. The review identified vital orthoses-related factors for custom-made orthoses, such as comfort, durability, and fit. For 3D-printed orthoses, factors like precision, printing efficiency, and safety were highlighted, affecting adherence to orthoses use. In addition, expert consultations contributed significantly, adding factors such as initial strength and surface smoothness for custom-made orthoses, ease of readjusting, design freedom, and environmental impact for 3D-printed orthoses. Two final checklists for patients and therapists were developed based on all extracted factors, which furthered our understanding of factors influencing orthoses adherence. This review highlights the significant orthoses-related factors impacting patient satisfaction and adherence. The derived checklists are beneficial tools for therapists and patients to ensure orthoses adherence, aiming for improved therapeutic results.</p>","PeriodicalId":49657,"journal":{"name":"Prosthetics and Orthotics International","volume":" ","pages":"178-189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating transtibial prosthetic alignment practices: A cross-sectional study in Malaysia, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Mohammad S Malaheem, Nasrul Anuar Abd Razak, Noor Azuan Abu Osman","doi":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000438","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prosthetic alignment is a critical factor in the functionality and comfort of transtibial prostheses, which are still based on amputee's feedback prosthetist experience and clinical judgment. Proper alignment involves a series of procedures, including bench, static, and dynamic alignment, each contributing to the overall success of the prosthesis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This cross-sectional study aims to explore transtibial prosthetic alignment practices among prosthetists in Malaysia, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia, focusing on the associations of demographic data, occupational status, and knowledge on common prosthetic alignment guidelines.Study Design:A cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey-based approach among experienced prosthetists was conducted via Google Forms and distributed online through email and professional networks that had prosthetists' demographics, 3 main sections relevant to common guidelines regarding transtibial prosthetic alignment, and an open feedback question allowed respondents to give feedback on their current prosthetic alignment practices. Quantitative data analysis involved duplicate removal, categorizing responses into themes, and calculation of alignment scores, whereas associations of demographic data with engagement in prosthetic alignment were tested using χ 2 tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed significant associations between higher education levels ( P < 0.01) and monthly income ( P < 0.01) in relation to average score of dynamic alignment practices. Despite the availability of advanced technology, 86.79% of prosthetists rely on traditional tools and qualitative methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study highlights the need for standardized guidelines that incorporate personalized considerations to improve the quality and consistency of prosthetic alignment. These guidelines should address the diverse practices and preferences of prosthetists to enhance patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49657,"journal":{"name":"Prosthetics and Orthotics International","volume":" ","pages":"163-177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144976356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in EQ-5D-5L health state in new and experienced lower limb prosthetic users after 4 weeks of specialized inpatient rehabilitation.","authors":"Vegar Hjermundrud, Terje Gjøvaag","doi":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000445","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rehabilitation of persons with lower limb loss generally report on outcome measures related to gait and mobility, but little is known how an inpatient exercise intervention influences health-related quality of life (HRQoL).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study compared the effect of a 4-week rehabilitation intervention (INT) on the HRQoL of new (NEW) prosthetic users that received their prosthesis at the inpatient facility (NEW-INT) to experienced prosthetic users with several previous inpatient stays (EXP-INT).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Nonrandomized intervention trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this nonrandomized intervention trial, the NEW-INT completed the EuroQol-5 Dimensions-5 Levels (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire at Admission, when they became Independent in walking and at Discharge. The EXP-INT completed the questionnaire at Admission and Discharge. A control group of experienced prosthetic users (EXP-CON) not partaking in the intervention completed the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire at 4-week intervals. The participants health state was recorded at all time points using a visual analog scale (EQ-VAS). An EQ-index was calculated based on the 5 dimensions of the EQ-5D-5L.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At Admission, the EQ-index score of the NEW-INT (n = 18) was significantly lower compared to the EXP-INT (n = 19) ( P = 0.014). The NEW-INT improved the median [interquartile range] EQ-index scores significantly from Admission to Discharge; 0.23 [0.55] vs. 0.73 [0.20], P = 0.001, whereas the EXP-INT showed no change from Admission to Discharge; 0.71 [0.23] vs. 0.65 [0.26]. At Discharge, the EQ-index scores of the NEW-INT and EXP-INT were similar. Only the NEW-INT showed significant improvements in the mean ± standard deviation EQ-VAS values from Admission (55.8 ± 20.2) to Discharge (66.4 ± 15.7), P = 0.018. The mobility dimension was the most responsive EQ-5D-5L dimension but improved significantly only for the NEW-INT from Admission to Discharge ( P = 0.001). For the EXP-CON (n = 19), there were no significant changes from Test 1 to Test 2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Four weeks of inpatient rehabilitation improves HRQoL in new, but not experienced prosthetic users.</p>","PeriodicalId":49657,"journal":{"name":"Prosthetics and Orthotics International","volume":" ","pages":"119-127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the effect of gait plate insole and medial-wedge insole on foot progression angle and balance of children with in-toeing gait.","authors":"Farzaneh Manouchehri, Mohammad Hadadi, Mokhtar Arazpour","doi":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000447","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rotational deformities, particularly in-toeing gait, are prevalent in children's lower limbs.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the effects of gait plate insoles (GPI) and medial-wedge insoles (MWI) on foot progression angle (FPA) and balance in children with in-toeing gait.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved 30 children aged 3 to 10 years, divided into 2 equal groups: 1 received GPI, and the other received MWI. FPA and balance parameters were measured using motion analysis and force plate devices before and after 1 month of intervention. Children walked a 10-m path, with a force plate placed in the middle that recorded foot data separately to evaluate the balance. The FPA was calculated based on marker data placed on lower limbs as the children walked barefoot at a normal speed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both insoles significantly increased FPA (6.67 and 4.76 degrees for the right foot and 9.62 and 6.56 degrees for the left foot, respectively). The GPI significantly increased the total standard deviation of the center of pressure (COP) displacement ( P < 0.001), COP velocity ( P < 0/001), and phase plane portrait of the COP of the right foot ( P < 0/001). The MWI decreased COP velocity and phase plane portrait in the left foot ( P = 0.01) and increased COP displacement in both feet significantly.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both gait plate and MWI effectively enhance FPA and improve the gait of children with in-toeing gait, with different effects on balance, suggesting that MWI may better reduce fall risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":49657,"journal":{"name":"Prosthetics and Orthotics International","volume":" ","pages":"190-197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knee biomechanics during walking in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament repair: The role of a custom 3D-printed knee brace.","authors":"Florian Mougin, Mickaël Begon, Gauthier Desmyttere, Jacinte Bleau, Marie-Lyne Nault, Yosra Cherni","doi":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000452","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries frequently lead to altered gait biomechanics and muscle activation patterns, increasing the risk of osteoarthritis. Knee braces are commonly used to address these issues although a lack of consensus remains regarding their clinical benefits. The most recent 3D-printed braces, lighter and personalized, could improve rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the effect of a novel custom-made 3D-printed knee brace (Provoke™) in individuals after unilateral ACL reconstruction during walking. The brace incorporates an asymmetrical hinge system aimed at stabilizing the knee joint while minimizing compensatory movements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen participants with unilateral ACL reconstruction wore the Provoke™ brace while walking at comfortable and fast paces. Knee kinematics and kinetics and muscular activity (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, and semitendinosus) were assessed with and without the brace. Nonparametric paired t tests were used to assess the biomechanical effect of the brace.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>The Provoke™ brace improved knee kinematics, facilitating a more neutral knee position by reducing valgus angles (-1.95°) and increasing flexion angles (+1.14°). In addition, it enhanced muscle activation, particularly of the rectus femoris, suggesting improved quadriceps function. Overall, the Provoke™ brace effectively improves knee function and reduces muscle imbalances in individuals undergoing ACL reconstruction. It may help prevent further injury and reduce the risk of post-traumatic osteoarthritis development. The long-term effects of brace use in ACL rehabilitation must be investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":49657,"journal":{"name":"Prosthetics and Orthotics International","volume":" ","pages":"205-212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinguishing retrospective fallers from nonfallers in people who use a unilateral lower-limb prosthesis.","authors":"M G Finco, Cody L McDonald, Sarah C Moudy","doi":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000439","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Over 52% of people who use a lower-limb prosthesis fall once every year, but fall risk is still not effectively screened. Few studies have identified clinical outcome measures that could help screen fall risk. Gait asymmetries between the intact and prosthetic limbs could also potentially help identify fall risk, based on findings in people with stroke. However, no studies have examined the relationship between gait asymmetries and falls in people who use a lower-limb prosthesis. Therefore, we sought to determine if any gait asymmetry parameters could significantly distinguish 12-month retrospective fallers from nonfallers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>People were recruited from private practice and the Amputee Coalition National Conference. Participants completed a 12-month retrospective fall history and 7 clinical outcome measures, as well as level-ground walking at self-selected pace with wearable sensors that collected kinematic (sagittal plane: hip, knee, and ankle range of motion) and kinetic (peak braking and propulsion ground reaction force) data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two individuals who use a unilateral prosthesis participated (age 57.6 ± 14.2 years; 15 transtibial, 7 transfemoral). No gait asymmetry parameters significantly distinguished 12-month retrospective fallers from nonfallers. However, the Four Square Step Test did significantly distinguish fallers from nonfallers ( P = 0.040, Hedge g = -0.739, area under the curve = 0.725, CI = 50-95%, cutoff time = 13.14 s), irrespective of level of prosthesis use. No parameters significantly distinguished fallers from nonfallers by level of prosthesis use (transtibial, transfemoral).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Four Square Step Test cutoff time may be useful to distinguish fallers from nonfallers in unilateral lower-limb prosthesis users.</p>","PeriodicalId":49657,"journal":{"name":"Prosthetics and Orthotics International","volume":" ","pages":"128-136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dual-task training with ankle-foot orthosis on stroke gait.","authors":"Negin Mizangir, Aliyeh Daryabor, Maryam Samadian, Seyyed Payam Shariatpanahi, Sedigheh Sadat Naimi","doi":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000451","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>There is limited research on the use of ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) with dual-task training. The aim of the study was to assess impact of orthotic use during dual-task training in patients who have had a stroke during walking.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>The quasi-experimental study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eleven hemiplegic people after stroke, aged 35-65 years, underwent gait training with dual task for 10 daily sessions over 4 weeks, guided by a physiotherapist while wearing an AFO. Gait was measured under 2 conditions-only dual-task walking and dual-task walking with the AFO-at baseline and after 4 weeks of training using a motion capture system. The gait parameters were compared before and after intervention in each condition and between 2 walking conditions after intervention using paired t test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 4-week intervention, there was no significant difference in any gait parameters between 2 walking conditions. In dual-task walking alone, several gait parameters were significantly increased compared to baseline, including peak ankle plantarflexion angle, peak knee flexion angle in loading response, peak knee extension moment in response loading, and peak hip flexion moment in preswing. In dual-task walking with AFO, peak knee flexion angle and peak knee and hip extension moments in loading response phase were significantly increased after intervention compared to baseline.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the dual-task training has had a positive effect on some aspects of gait kinetics and kinematics in patients who have had a stroke, the AFO had no additional effect on dual-task walking.</p>","PeriodicalId":49657,"journal":{"name":"Prosthetics and Orthotics International","volume":" ","pages":"141-146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individualized task difficulty promotes balance training outcomes and self-efficacy in individuals with lower limb loss.","authors":"Fu-Lien Wu, Yu-Chen Chung, Szu-Ping Lee","doi":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000454","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An ideal motor skill learning typically features adaptive task difficulty to facilitate training outcomes and avoid frustration, yet this concept has not been explored in balance training for individuals with diminished postural control including lower limb loss. The purposes of this study were (1) to examine a novel stabilometer-based task with individualized difficulty levels as a balance training protocol and (2) to compare the task performance and self-efficacy between participants receiving the training with and without individualized task difficulty. Ten older adults and 10 individuals with unilateral lower limb amputation were recruited. The experimental group received training with task difficulty individualized based on their pretraining weight-bearing capacities, whereas the control group received standard training without difficulty adjustment. Participants were instructed to maintain the stabilometer in a horizontal position for as long as possible over 20 trials (4 blocks, 30 s per trial). Performance feedback and task-related self-efficacy were assessed after each block. Participants in the 2 groups were comparable in age (62.1 vs. 63.5 years), gender composition (4 females), and amputation levels (3 with transfemoral amputation). Significant interactions between group and trial/block in time in balance (experimental group: 7.8 to 16.9 s, control: 8.5 to 8.2 s, P = 0.002), root-mean-square error (experimental group: 10.9° to 6.8°, control: 10.9° to 10.8°, P = 0.002), and self-efficacy ( P = 0.005∼0.012) were detected. The training protocol with individualized difficulty levels promoted greater improvements in balance performance and self-efficacy. Individualizing task difficulty based on participant's capacity is important for improving balance performance and self-efficacy. This training protocol is feasible and can be applied clinically to improve balance and postural confidence in individuals with lower limb loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":49657,"journal":{"name":"Prosthetics and Orthotics International","volume":" ","pages":"137-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12354139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appropriate compression values for the transtibial prosthesis using the AERO prosthetic liner.","authors":"Yusuke Miyata, Yasmin Nutchamlong, Gary Guerra, Kazuhiko Sasaki","doi":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000446","DOIUrl":"10.1097/PXR.0000000000000446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Positive model rectification is a key factor in providing a comfortable and successful transtibial prosthetic socket fitting. This study aimed to assess whether a 4% compression value in 3- and 5-mm thickness affordable ethylene-vinyl acetate roll-on (AERO) liners yields acceptable comfort and pressure distribution for transtibial prosthetic users. Stump socks were used to adjust volume in the fitting process with a socket compressed to 4%, and pressure data were collected using 6 force-sensing resistor (FSR400) sensors placed in areas sensitive and tolerant to pressure. Peak pressure was collected from 40 steps, and pressure uniformity was calculated using the coefficient of variation in 2-min walking on the treadmill. The socket comfort score was collected after the trial. Appropriate compression values, pressure distribution, and socket comfort score were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and effect size was determined using Cliff's delta. The study found that a 4.95% compression was optimal for a 3-mm thickness liner, whereas a 4.5% compression suited a 5-mm liner better for comfort. Moreover, the study observed a small similarity in pressure distribution between liners, as indicated by Cliff's delta, with the 5-mm liner possibly providing more even pressure because of its thickness. Despite being made of the same material, liners with different thicknesses distribute pressure differently. Therefore, this study suggests that a 4% universal compression value in the affordable ethylene-vinyl acetate roll-on liner may be effective for use in a clinical setting. Future studies should include more participants to identify the appropriate compression for a variety of residual limbs.</p>","PeriodicalId":49657,"journal":{"name":"Prosthetics and Orthotics International","volume":" ","pages":"213-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}