Scandinavian Journal of Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Preventing smoking initiation in adolescents living in vulnerable socioeconomic conditions: Study protocol of the KickAsh!-intervention.","authors":"Babette Demeester, Maïté Verloigne, Sara Willems, Kenji Leta, Emelien Lauwerier","doi":"10.1177/14034948241236232","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14034948241236232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Adolescents living in vulnerable socioeconomic conditions are confronted with tobacco-related health disparities. As school-based interventions appear to be less effective among these youngsters, other approaches are necessary. One promising avenue is youth social work settings that offer sport and recreational activities (SR-settings). SR-settings have been examined as a levering context for health promotion, but evidence regarding smoking prevention is currently lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study describes the protocol of a non-randomised cluster controlled trial evaluating a smoking prevention intervention for adolescents. At least 24 SR-settings are needed for the intervention and control group. A mixed-method design will be used. Quantitative measures will be used to assess effectiveness, involving validated questionnaires on smoking initiation behaviour and influencing factors (i.e. attitude, self-efficacy, social influence and risk perception). In addition, feasibility will be assessed with regard to intervention fidelity, dose and reach. Data will be collected at baseline, three and nine months following the intervention. To gain deeper understanding on the impact and underlying processes of the intervention, we will conduct qualitative interviews with users (adolescents) and implementers (youth workers within the SR-settings) of the intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Conducting this trial will offer novel insights into the effectiveness of a smoking prevention intervention designed for adolescents living in vulnerable socioeconomic conditions. A mixed-method design will enable to measure impact, implementation and underlying processes of the intervention. Overall, this design will enhance our understanding on the suitability of SR-settings as contexts for smoking prevention initiatives targeting hard-to-reach youth. This trial is registered on Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05920772.</p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"330-341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shushing the press shortens lives: cross-national evidence of the impact of press freedom on life expectancy.","authors":"Qiang Li, Chung-Ping A Loh, Yuli Ye","doi":"10.1177/14034948231178879","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14034948231178879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Press freedom around the globe has deteriorated over the past decade, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper explores the effect of press freedom, as a cornerstone of democracy, on life expectancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Exploring cross-country data, we use the ordinary least square method to estimate the association between press freedom and life expectancy. In addition, we adopt three novel instrumental variables to explore the causal relationship.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our estimations indicate that a freer press leads to higher life expectancy, and the effect exists independently of the level of democracy. In addition, the effect of continuous exposure to press freedom is stronger than sporadic free press status. The results are robust to measurement errors, influential outliers, and country-specific heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><b>This study reveals the fundamental role of press freedom in promoting public health that was previously underexplored. Therefore, enhancing freedom of expression can be an effective tool to address three of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, that is, reduce under-five mortality, improve maternal health, and combat HIV/AIDS.</b><b>JEL:</b>I1 H7 D02.</p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"225-232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trust and easy access to home care staff are associated with older adults' sense of security: a Swedish longitudinal study.","authors":"Rose-Marie Johansson-Pajala, Moudud Alam, Annelie K Gusdal, Lena Marmstål Hammar, Anne-Marie Boström","doi":"10.1177/14034948241236830","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14034948241236830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Older adults are increasingly encouraged to continue living in their own homes with support from home care services. However, few studies have focused on older adults' safety in home care. This study explored associations between the sense of security and factors related to demographic characteristics and home care services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The mixed longitudinal design was based on a retrospective national survey. The study population consisted of individuals in Sweden (aged 65+ years) granted home care services at any time between 2016 and 2020 (<i>n</i>=82,834-94,714). Multiple ordinal logistic regression models were fitted using the generalised estimation equation method to assess the strength of relationship between the dependent (sense of security) and independent (demographics, health and care-related factors) variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sense of security tended to increase between 2016 and 2020, and was significantly associated with being a woman, living outside big cities, being granted more home care services hours or being diagnosed/treated for depression (cumulative odds ratio 2-9% higher). Anxiety, poor health and living alone were most strongly associated with insecurity (cumulative odds ratio 17-64% lower). Aside from overall satisfaction with home care services, accessibility and confidence in staff influenced the sense of security most.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>\u0000 <b>We stress the need to promote older adults' sense of security for safe ageing in place, as mandated by Swedish law. Home care services profoundly influence older adults' sense of security. Therefore, it is vital to prioritise continuity in care, establish trust and build relationships with older adults. Given the increasing shortage of staff, integrating complementary measures, such as welfare technologies, is crucial to promoting this sense of security.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"250-257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12012272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140186107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrimination and health: A cross-sectional study comparing Muslims with other-religious.","authors":"Bushra Ishaq, Esperanza Diaz, Lars Østby","doi":"10.1177/14034948231225561","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14034948231225561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of this study is to report perceived discrimination among Muslims living in Norway and to address and compare associations between perceived discrimination and health among Muslims with an immigrant background and other-religious with an immigrant background.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A representative sample of individuals with an immigrant background in Norway was used in a cross-sectional study design that included 5484 respondents aged 16 to 74 years. The respondents were sub-grouped after religious affiliation, and as immigrants and Norwegian-born. This sample is from 'The Survey on living conditions among persons with an immigrant background 2016', conducted by Statistics Norway. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between perceived discrimination and self-rated health and between perceived discrimination and mental health problems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings show that Muslims with an immigrant background are more likely to report perceived discrimination than non-Muslims with an immigrant background. Perceived discrimination was associated with poor self-rated health and mental health problems among immigrant Muslims and Norwegian-born Muslims. Among other-religious with an immigrant background, perceived discrimination had an inverse relationship with mental health problems among immigrants, while an association between perceived discrimination and poor self-rated health was found among Norwegian-born.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>\u0000 <b>Our findings suggest that perceived discrimination does play a role in health among minorities with an immigrant background in Norway, regardless of religion. However, the association between perceived discrimination and poor health seems to be stronger among Muslims, especially Norwegian-born Muslims.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"242-249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12012278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140186085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-use of smokeless nicotine products and marijuana among youth in Denmark: a cross-sectional population-based study.","authors":"Stine Arp, Lotus Sofie Bast, Susan Andersen, Lisbeth Lund, Nanna Schneekloth Jarlstrup","doi":"10.1177/14034948241289464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948241289464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Previous research suggests a gateway effect between the use of nicotine products and other harmful drugs, such as marijuana. As the use of smokeless nicotine products among youth in Denmark has been increasing, we aimed to identify factors associated with marijuana use and examined the co-use of smokeless nicotine products and marijuana among Danish youth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from a cross-sectional Danish nationwide questionnaire-based survey among 15- to 29-year-olds conducted in 2022. Overall, 6236 were included in the analyses. Multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out to assess associations between use of smokeless nicotine products and marijuana ever-use and frequent use (⩾10 times). A multiple multinomial logistic regression analysis tested whether the association varied across the frequency of marijuana use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 41.9% had ever used marijuana, of which 38.6% reported frequent use. Factors associated with marijuana use were current use of other nicotine products, being male, having medium- or long-cycle higher education without a current occupation, excessive binge drinking, and living in the Capital Region. Youth who used smokeless nicotine products had markedly higher odds of ever using marijuana (aOR: 4.13, 95%CI[3.3, 5.05]). Among respondents who had ever used marijuana, use of smokeless nicotine products was associated with frequent marijuana use (aOR: 1.73, 95%CI[1.39, 2.15]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>\u0000 <b>This study found a significant co-use of smokeless nicotine products and marijuana in terms of both marijuana ever-use and frequent marijuana use. This highlights the potential additive consequences of the increasing use of smokeless nicotine products, which calls for preventive actions targeting youth.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"14034948241289464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological distress in single fathers and mothers - a Swedish population-based study.","authors":"Maria Unenge Hallerbäck, Anu Molarius, Linn Karlsson, Karin Sonnby","doi":"10.1177/14034948251332507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14034948251332507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The primary aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence of psychological distress among single fathers and single mothers in comparison to parents living together, and the factors contributing to the differences between single and partnered parents. A secondary aim was to investigate the perceived need for parental support in relation to severe psychological distress in these groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey questionnaire was sent to a random population sample in Sweden in 2022 and 5750 parents aged 18-69 years participated. The outcome was severe psychological distress, measured by the Kessler-6 (scores ⩾13). Associations between single parenthood and severe psychological distress were analysed with multiple logistic regression, adjusting for age group, economic difficulties, social support, risk consumption of alcohol and need for parental support.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Severe psychological distress was more common among single fathers (age-adjusted odds ratio (OR): 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4-3.5) and mothers (age-adjusted OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.8-3.3) than among partnered fathers and mothers. The main explanatory factors for the difference were economic difficulties and lack of social support, accounting together for 75% of the excess of severe psychological distress in single fathers and 64% in single mothers. Risk consumption of alcohol among both single and partnered fathers was also associated with severe psychological distress. Being in need of more parental support, for example, from maternity/child health care or family centres was associated with severe psychological distress among all parents, regardless of partnership status and gender.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>\u0000 <b>Single parents had a higher prevalence of severe psychological distress than partnered parents, mainly explained by economic difficulties and the lack of social support. Both among single and partnered parents, the need for more parental support was associated with severe psychological distress.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"14034948251332507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health beyond borders: the future of health promotion.","authors":"Evelyne de Leeuw","doi":"10.1177/14034948241288272","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14034948241288272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article situates the field of health promotion in its current cutting-edge agendas around health and wellbeing; social and other determinants of health; complexity and its associated sciences; planetary health; and inclusion and diversity. However, it is also proposed that there are emergent dimensions that should be placed more deliberately on the agendas of health promotion research and practice. The piece offers three dimensions for noting health promotion futures: a cognitive, spatial and temporal one. The first is a non-anthropocentric appreciation of the complex interactions between geosphere, biosphere and anthroposphere that can be framed through a lens of governance and cosmology; the second one is established by humankind's journeys beyond the atmosphere into outer space; and the third one argues we - that is, the global health (promotion) community - need to account for temporal determinants of health, more consciously and conscientiously. The gazes seem beyond current agendas of health - but the article demonstrates how they are to become mission-critical aspects of contemporary and future worlds.</p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"7-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142511668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring variations in subjective well-being among Norwegian retirees: A growth mixture modelling approach.","authors":"Lars Bauger","doi":"10.1177/14034948241291091","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14034948241291091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to identify subgroups of Norwegian retirees with similar trajectories of subjective well-being (SWB) across the retirement transition and to explore how various factors influence these SWB trajectories.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study employed growth mixture modelling to analyze longitudinal data, exploring the trajectories of life satisfaction, positive affect and negative affect in retirement transition. It also examined the influence of factors such as demographic, living arrangement, pre-retirement work conditions, individual characteristics and available resources on these SWB trajectories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Contrary to the hypothesised three distinct SWB trajectories in retirement, the results more strongly support a single group solution for life satisfaction and positive affect. For negative affect, a two-group solution, consisting of one group with stable low and another with stable high negative affect, was preferred. The study identified several predictors of SWB trajectories.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>\u0000 <b>The findings suggest that retirement is a neutral life event with stable SWB trajectories. However, several factors significantly influence whether retirees experience higher or lower SWB in retirement. The findings of this study provide updated insights into the heterogeneity of the retirement experience, as well as highlight important factors for retirement SWB.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"33-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social sustainability in local communities in Norway: which factors are associated with people's satisfaction with their local community as a place to live now and in the future?","authors":"Ragnhild M Ånestad, Emma C A NordbØ, Camilla IhlebÆk","doi":"10.1177/14034948241288758","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14034948241288758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the associations between social sustainability factors and people's satisfaction with their local community as a place to live now and in the future.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used data from the Norwegian County Public Health Survey conducted in Viken County, Norway, in 2021 (<i>N</i> = 97,323). The survey included questions concerning physical aspects (e.g. accessibility of services and facilities) and non-physical aspects (civic participation, social support, trust, safety, place attachment and well-being) of social sustainability in local communities. A new outcome variable was constructed to capture people's satisfaction with their local community as a place to live now and in the future. Hierarchical linear regression was applied to examine the relationships between physical and non-physical factors of social sustainability and this outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All included factors were significantly associated with people's satisfaction with their local community as a place to live now and in the future, but the magnitude and direction of these associations varied. Place attachment (β = 0.53), safety (β = 0.15) and well-being (β = 0.11) were the strongest indicators of people's satisfaction with their local community. Non-physical factors accounted for 41% of the variance in people's satisfaction, while physical factors accounted for 14%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>\u0000 <b>Both physical and non-physical factors are essential for developing socially sustainable communities. This knowledge could be valuable for academics and policymakers, helping them better understand the complex relationships between various aspects of social sustainability and informing the development of socially sustainable local communities.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"24-32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare leaders' perceptions of the contribution of artificial intelligence to person-centred care: An interview study.","authors":"Ingrid Larsson, Petra Svedberg, Jens M Nygren, Lena Petersson","doi":"10.1177/14034948241307112","DOIUrl":"10.1177/14034948241307112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of this study was to explore healthcare leaders' perceptions of the contribution of artificial intelligence (AI) to person-centred care (PCC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study had an explorative qualitative approach. Individual interviews were conducted from October 2020 to May 2021 with 26 healthcare leaders in a county council in Sweden. An abductive qualitative content analysis was conducted based on McCormack and McCance's framework of PCC. The four constructs (i.e. prerequisites, care environment, person-centred processes and expected outcomes) constituted the four categories for the deductive analysis. The inductive analysis generated 11 subcategories to the four constructs, representing how AI could contribute to PCC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Healthcare leaders perceived that AI applications could contribute to the four PCC constructs through (a) supporting professional competence and establishing trust among healthcare professionals and patients (prerequisites); (b) including AI's ability to facilitate patient safety, enable proactive care, provide treatment recommendations and prioritise healthcare resources (the care environment); (c) including AI's ability to tailor information and promote the process of shared decision making and self-management (person-centred processes); and (d) including improving care quality and promoting health outcomes (expected outcomes).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>\u0000 <b>The healthcare leaders perceived that AI applications could contribute to PCC at different levels of healthcare, thereby enhancing the quality of care and patients' health.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":49568,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"72-80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}